| 词条 | Maubeuge |
| 释义 |
|name = Maubeuge |commune status = Commune |image coat of arms = Blason Maubeuge.svg |image = Porte de mons maubeuge.JPG |caption = Porte de Mons |region = north-Pas-de-Calais |department = Nord |arrondissement = Avesnes-sur-Helpe |canton = Maubeuge |INSEE = 59392 |postal code = 59600 |mayor = Arnaud Decagny |term = 2014-2020 |intercommunality = Communauté d'agglomération Maubeuge Val de Sambre |coordinates = {{coord|50.2775|03.9734|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = |elevation min m = |elevation max m = |area km2 = 18.85 |population = 30100 |population date = 2015 }} Maubeuge (historical {{lang-nl|Mabuse}} or {{lang-nl|Malbode}}) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is situated on both banks of the Sambre (here canalized), {{convert|36|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of Valenciennes and about {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the Belgian border. HistoryMaubeuge (ancient Malbodium, from Latin, derived from the Old Frankish name Malboden, meaning "assizes of Boden") owes its origin to Maubeuge Abbey, a double monastery, for men and women, founded in the 7th century by Saint Aldego, the relics of whom are preserved in the church. It subsequently belonged to the territory of Hainaut. The town was part of the Spanish Netherlands and changed hands a number of times before it was finally ceded to France in the 1678 Treaty of Nijmegen.[1] As part of Vauban's pré carré plan that protected France's northern borders with a double line of fortresses, it was extensively fortified as directed by Louis XIV of France. Besieged in 1793 by Prince Josias of Coburg, it was relieved by the victory of Wattignies, which is commemorated by a monument in the town. It was unsuccessfully besieged in 1814, but was compelled to capitulate, after a vigorous resistance, in the Hundred Days. As a fortress, Maubeuge has an old enceinte of bastion trace which serves as the center of an important entrenched camp of 18 miles perimeter. The fortress was constructed after the War of 1870 but has since been modernized and augmented. The forts were besieged in World War I by the German Empire. Maubeuge suffered heavily in World War II: 90% of the town centre was destroyed by bombardments in May 1940. Fighting again occurred in early September 1944, in and around the outskirts of Maubeuge, involving units of the U.S. 1st Infantry Division during the American push toward Belgium.[2][3] Heraldry{{Blazon-arms| img1=Blason Maubeuge.svg | legend1=Arms of Maubeuge | text=The arms of Maubeuge are blazoned : Or, 4 lions, 2 in bend sable armed and langued gules, 2 in bend sinister gules armed and langued azure, in chief an eagle sable beaked langued membered and armed gules, overall a crozier Or bendwise. }} EconomyThere are important foundries, forges and blast furnaces, together with manufactures of machine tools and porcelain. The town has a board of trade arbitration, a communal college, a commercial and industrial school. TransportBeing close to the Belgian border, the station has two lines to Belgium: one leading North towards Mons, the other Eastbound to Charleroi. Neither have seen passenger service for several years, however from December 2018 there is announced a limited service to Namur via Charleroi[4]. Trains to the South-West are frequent. There is an aerodrome in nearby Elesmes but it is purely recreational, with no facilities for commercial air transport of either passengers or cargo. Tour de FranceMaurice Garin, the winner of the inaugural 1903 Tour de France, began his cycling career in 1892 with the local Maubeuge cycling club, when he finished 5th in the Maubeuge-Hirson-Maubeuge, {{Convert|200|km|mi|0}}race.[5] In 2003, on the 100th anniversary of his win, he was commemorated with a street named after him. Personalities
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Footnotes1. ^{{cite web |title=Treaty of Peace between France and Spain, signed at Nimeguen, 17 September 1678 |url=http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:oht/law-oht-14-CTS-441.regGroup.1/14_CTS_441_eng.pdf |website=Oxford International Public Law |accessdate=31 December 2018}} 2. ^ 3. ^Official site of the town of Maubeuge {{fr icon}} 4. ^https://www.hgbtf.net/download/file.php?id=7279 Official announcement, in Dutch 5. ^Journal L'Alsace-Le Pays, 20 February 2001, Profile of Maurice Garin {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101171129/http://www.lepays.net/jdj/01/02/20/MA/1/article_1.html |date=1 November 2005 }} External links{{Commons category|Maubeuge}}
1 : Communes of Nord (French department) |
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