| 词条 | Mawson's Huts |
| 释义 |
| name = Mawson's Huts | image = Mawson main base.jpg | image_alt = | caption = View of Mawson's Huts during the Australasian Antarctic Expedition in 1911. | state = AAT | alternative_location_map = Antarctica | relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|67|00|31.6|S|142|39|39.7|E|type:landmark_region:AQ|display=inline,title}} | built = 1912 | built_by = Australasian Antarctic Expedition | built_for = Scientific outpost/exploration | owner = | maintained_by = Australian Antarctic Division; Mawson's Huts Foundation | water = Unlimited, in ice form | accessed_by = Sea | footnotes = }} Mawson's Huts are the collection of buildings located at Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay, in the far eastern sector of the Australian Antarctic Territory, some 3000 km south of Hobart. The buildings were erected and occupied by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) of 1911-1914, led by geologist and explorer Sir Douglas Mawson. Mawson's Huts are rare as one of just six surviving sites from the Heroic Era of Antarctic exploration.[1] The Australasian Antarctic Expedition was the only Heroic Era expedition organised, manned and supported primarily by Australians.[2] The huts included a magnetograph hut, used to measure variations in the south magnetic pole; an absolute magnetic hut, which was used as a reference point for studies in the magnetograph hut; and the transit hut, an astronomical observatory.[1] The most important building at the site is the winter living quarters, known as "Mawson's Hut". This pyramid-roofed hut was home to the eighteen men of the AAE main base party in 1912, and the seven (including Douglas Mawson) who stayed on for an unplanned second year in 1913. The hut combines two sections - the living quarters and the workshop, prefabricated in Sydney and Melbourne respectively, and shipped to the site for construction in 1912 by the AAE team. RadioUsing a wireless relay station on Macquarie Island, it was possible to contact the Australian mainland by radio. The AAE was the first expedition that had this possibility. Meteorological observations got transmitted by the system continuously. It was the first use of radio on the Antarctic continent.[3] The main hutThe main hut included facilities for eighteen men but it only measured {{convert|7.3|x|7.3|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}, an area of {{convert|53|m2|sqft|0|abbr=on}}. The adjoining workshop measured {{convert|5.5|x|4.9|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}, an area of {{convert|27|m2|sqft|0|abbr=on}}. On three sides the building is surrounded with {{convert|1.5|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} wide verandas. The Verandas were used for many different things including housing the sled dogs. The main hut contains a kitchen, a laundry, a storage and a sleeping room.[4] Conservation and heritage recognitionExpeditions undertaken by the Australian government (through the Australian Antarctic Division since the late 1970s) and private non-profit conservation organisations (notably the Mawson's Huts Foundation since 1997) have carried out conservation work on the huts. In addition to archaeological recording, removal of snow from inside the huts and ongoing maintenance, recent interventions (1998 and 2006) have been to encapsulate the failing timber roofs with new timber over-cladding in order to weatherproof the interiors. The site is recognised under the Antarctic Treaty as a Historic Site & Monument (HSM 77) since 1972, and placed within an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA 162) and an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 3) in 2004. It is also on the Australian National Heritage List, Commonwealth Heritage List and the defunct Register of the National Estate.[5] The Australian Antarctic Division and the Australian Minister for the Environment & Water Resources released for public comment a new management plan for the Mawson's Huts Historic Site in July 2007.[2] The plan sets the principles that will guide activities to preserve the heritage values of the site in the lead-up to the centenary of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition. Travel to Mawson's HutsChimu Adventures operate a voyage to Mawson's Huts every year from Hobart, Tasmania. The voyages generally stop at Maquarie Island en route and return via the New Zealand sub Antarctica islands.[6] References1. ^1 {{cite AHD|105713|Mawsons Huts and Mawsons Huts Historic Site}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=33170|title=Australian Antarctic Division — Australia in Antarctica|publisher=Aad.gov.au|accessdate=8 June 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930221442/http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=33170|archivedate=30 September 2009|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mawsons-huts.org.au/about/history-of-mawsons-huts/#site|title=Mawson's Huts Foundation | History|publisher=Mawsons-huts.org.au|date=8 January 1912|accessdate=8 June 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704060440/http://www.mawsons-huts.org.au/about/history-of-mawsons-huts/#site|archivedate=4 July 2015|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mawsons-huts.org.au/about/history-of-mawsons-huts/#main_hut|title=Mawson's Huts Foundation | History|publisher=Mawsons-huts.org.au|date=8 January 1912|accessdate=8 June 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704060440/http://www.mawsons-huts.org.au/about/history-of-mawsons-huts/#main_hut|archivedate=4 July 2015|df=dmy-all}} 5. ^{{cite AHD|13655|Mawsons Huts, Dumont D'Urville Station, EXT, Australia }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chimuadventures.com/en-gb/destinations/antarctica |title=Antarctica Cruises & Tours |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318174929/http://www.chimuadventures.com/en-gb/destinations/antarctica |archivedate=18 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }} Resources
External links
14 : Australian Antarctic Territory|Buildings and structures in Antarctica|Science and technology in Australia|Science and technology in Antarctica|Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration|Buildings and structures completed in 1912|Australian National Heritage List|Australasian Antarctic Expedition|George V Land|Antarctic Specially Protected Areas|Historic Sites and Monuments of Antarctica|1912 establishments in Antarctica|Places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate|History of science and technology in Australia |
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