| 词条 | Maxim–Tokarev |
| 释义 |
|name = Maxim-Tokarev | image = Tokarev-s-synom.jpg | image_size = 300 |caption = Tokarev and his son posing with their model 1925 machine gun |origin = Soviet Union |type = Light machine gun |is_ranged = yes |service = |used_by =See Users |wars =Spanish Civil War Second Sino-Japanese War World War II Korean War |designer = Fedor Tokarev |design_date = 1924[1] |manufacturer = |unit_cost = |production_date = 1925–1927[1] |number = 3,500 |variants = |weight = 12.9 kg (empty) 15.5 kg (with typical ammo load)[1] |length = 1330 mm[1] |part_length = 650 mm[1] |cartridge = 7.62×54mmR |cartridge_weight = |caliber = 7.62 mm |barrels = |action = Short recoil, toggle locked |rate = |velocity = |range = |max_range = |feed = belt-feed, 100 rounds belt |sights = iron }} The Maxim–Tokarev was the first domestic Soviet light machine gun accepted for service. It was based on the Maxim M1910. HistoryDuring World War I and the Russian Civil War, the Soviet army was equipped with light machine guns of foreign manufacture, mostly with the Lewis gun, the Chauchat and the Hotchkiss M1909. By the 1920s, these guns were showing their age, and owing to the Soviet Union's international diplomatic isolation, neither spare parts nor ammunition could be easily obtained for these guns. In 1923 GAU emergency program was initiated for equipping the Red army with a light machine gun chambered for the domestic 7.62×54mmR.[1] The first design submitted was the Maxim-Kolesnikov, designed by Ivan Nikolaevich Kolesnikov at the Kovrov Arms Factory, followed soon thereafter by the Maxim–Tokarev, designed by Fedor Vasilievich Tokarev at the Tula Arsenal. During field tests conducted in early 1925, Tokarev's model proved superior, so it was adopted on May 26.[2] The Maxim–Tokarev was used by Soviet army during World War II,[3] by Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War[9] and by Communist forces during the Korean War.[10] It was replaced in Soviet service by the much lighter DP.[4] StructureA US Army analysis mentions that "Tokarev was doubtless inspired by both the German Parabellum and the British Vickers. The arrangement of the trigger and the shoulder stock resembles very strongly that illustrated in United States Patent No. 942167, which was granted in 1909 to Dawson and Buckham, assignors to Vickers."[5] The water jacket of the Maxim M1910 was discarded and replaced by a thin perforated steel jacket. The barrel was shortened and lightened from 2.1 kg to 1.7 kg. A mechanism for changing the barrel in field conditions was provided. The spade grips were replaced with a rifle-type stock and the thumb-trigger was replaced by a rifle-type trigger. A folding bipod with tubular legs was attached to the barrel jacket.[6] The canvas-belt feed system was the same as on Maxim M1910 guns, except the standard belt capacity was reduced to 100 rounds. The 100-round belts were usually carried in separate drum-type containers, inspired from the MG 08/15. The barrel rifling was 4 right-turns in 240 mm.[6] More than 3,500{{dubious|date=July 2013}} Maxim–Tokarev guns were produced by Tula arms factory (TOZ) in 1926–27;{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} 2,000 were later supplied to Republican Spain[7] and 1,400 to Republic of China.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} Users
See also
References1. ^С. Л. Федосеев. Пулемёты России. Шквальный огонь. М., Яуза – ЭКСМО, 2009. стр.140–142 2. ^{{cite book|last=Болотин|first=Давид|script-title=ru:История советского стрелкового оружия и патронов|pages=166–167|publisher=Полигон|year=1995|isbn=978-5-85503-072-3|language=ru}} 3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JE7Yd2sNBu4C&pg=PA91|title=Stalin's Keys to Victory: The Rebirth of the Red Army|first=Walter S., Jr.|last= Dunn|publisher= Praeger Security International|year=2006|isbn=978-0-275-99067-1|page=91}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=James H. Willbanks|title=Machine Guns: An Illustrated History of Their Impact|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWkYoAkoMHIC&pg=PA99|year=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-480-6|page=99}} 5. ^Chinn, George M. The Machine Gun, Vol II, Part VII. US Department of the Navy, 1952, page 23 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book|title=Пулеметы России. Шквальный огонь | author = Семен Федосеев|pages=380–381|year=2009|publisher=Яуза / Коллекция / ЭКСМО|isbn=978-5-699-31622-9}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|title=The Spanish Civil War: A Military History|edition=1st |first=Charles J.|last= Esdaile|date=2018|isbn=9781138311275|publisher=Routledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Um5uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT284|page=284}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZNxDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA535|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History|edition= 2nd |editor-first1=Spencer C. |editor-last1=Tucker|editor-first2=Paul G., Jr.|editor-last2= Pierpaoli|page=535|volume=1. A-L|chapter=Machine guns|isbn=978-1-85109-849-1|publisher=ABC-CLIO|url=https://www.abc-clio.com/ABC-CLIOCorporate/product.aspx?pc=A1645C|first=Jeff|last=Kinard|year=2010}}
| last = Musgrave | first = Daniel D. |author2=Thomas B. Nelson | title = The World's Assault Rifles and Automatic Carbines | publisher = T. B. N. Enterprises | year = 1967 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=q5pBAAAAIAAJ | page = 150 }}
| last = Barker | first = A. J. |author2=John Walter | title = Russian Infantry Weapons of World War II | publisher = Arco Pub. Co | location = New York | year = 1971 | isbn = 978-0-668-02336-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sTMgAAAAMAAJ | page = 35 }}
| last = Bingham-Black Smith | first = Walter Harold |author2=Joseph E. Smith | title = Small Arms of the World: A Basic Manual of Small Arms | publisher = A and W Visual Library | location = London | year = 1975 | edition = 10th | isbn = 978-0-89104-021-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7wVUAAAAMAAJ | page = 547 }}
| last = Dunn | first = Walter Scott | title = The Soviet Economy and the Red Army, 1930-1945 | publisher = Praeger Security International | location = Westport, Conn. | year = 1995 | isbn = 978-0-275-94893-1 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dcAgT_2uiYgC&pg=PA101 | page = 101ff }}
| last = Hogg | first = Ian V. |author2=John S. Weeks | title = Military Small Arms of the 20th Century | publisher = Krause Publications | location = Iola, Wis. | year = 2000 | edition = 7th | isbn = 978-0-87341-824-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=teAAHt1GaE8C | page = 359f }}
| last = Tucker | first = Spencer |author2=Jinwung Kim | title = Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History | publisher = ABC-CLIO | location = Oxford | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-1-57607-029-1 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VFYYAAAAIAAJ | page = 407 }} External links
4 : Light machine guns|Machine guns of the Soviet Union|7.62×54mmR machine guns|Tula Arms Plant products |
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