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词条 Def Jam Recordings
释义

  1. Company history

     Founding and CBS Records Group era (1983–1994)  PolyGram era (1994–1998)  The Island Def Jam Music Group founding (1998–2000)  2000s  2010s  Presidents  Executive Vice Presidents 

  2. Notable current artists

  3. References

  4. External links

{{distinguish|Deaf Jam|Def Comedy Jam|Def Poetry Jam}}{{Infobox record label
| name = Def Jam Recordings
| image = DefJamRecordings.svg
| parent = Universal Music Group
| founded = {{start date and age|1984}}
| founder = {{hlist|Russell Simmons|Rick Rubin}}
| status =
| distributor = {{ubl|Virgin EMI|{{small|(United Kingdom)}}|Universal Music Enterprises {{small|(reissues)}}}}
| genre = Hip hop
| country = United States
| location = New York City, New York, U.S.
| url = {{URL|DefJam.com}}
}}

Def Jam Recordings is an American record label focused predominantly on hip hop and urban music, owned by Universal Music Group. In the UK, the label takes on the name Def Jam UK and is operated through Virgin EMI Records, while in Japan, it is known as Def Jam Japan, operating through Universal Music Japan. The label distributes releases of various record labels, including Kanye West's GOOD Music,[1][2] and Listen Up Forever Records, headed by producer, Ronny J. Current artists include Justin Bieber, Logic, Big Sean, Kanye West, Nas, 2 Chainz, Teyana Taylor, YG, Dave East, Jeezy, Jeremih, Q-Tip, Valee, Pusha T, Vince Staples, Fabolous, Desiigner and Jhené Aiko.

Company history

Founding and CBS Records Group era (1983–1994)

Def Jam was co-founded by Rick Rubin in his dormitory in Weinstein Hall at New York University[3] and its first release was a single by his punk-rock group Hose. Russell Simmons joined Rubin shortly after they were introduced to each other, according to one story, by Vincent Gallo.[4] Another cites DJ Jazzy Jay as their connector.[5] Rubin has said he met Simmons on the TV show Graffiti Rock and recognized him then as "the face of hip hop": "He was five years older than me, and he was already established in the music business. And I had no experience whatsoever."[6] The first single released with the Def Jam Recordings logo was T La Rock & Jazzy Jay's "It's Yours." The first releases with Def Jam Recordings catalog numbers were LL Cool J's "I Need a Beat" and the Beastie Boys' "Rock Hard," both in 1984. The singles sold well, eventually leading to a distribution deal with CBS Records through Columbia Records the following year.

This created a short-lived subsidiary label called OBR Records, short for Original Black Recordings, which catered toward R&B artists—the first artist signed to that imprint was Oran "Juice" Jones, who enjoyed success with his hit single "The Rain". A few years later, Russell Simmons and Lyor Cohen started an umbrella label called Rush Associated Labels to handle Def Jam and its numerous spinoff labels. RAL became the home to Nice & Smooth and EPMD after both acts were acquired due to the folding of their former label Sleeping Bag Records.[7] Other acts under the RAL umbrella included Redman, Onyx, Flatlinerz, Domino, Warren G and Jayo Felony. Def Jam also signed its first and only thrash metal band, Slayer, in 1986, and the band's third and fourth albums were the only two Def Jam releases to be distributed through Geffen Records under Warner Bros. Records as opposed to Columbia/CBS. As the decade drew to a close, the label signed Public Enemy, whose controversial lyrical content garnered the company both critical acclaim and disdain. Lyor Cohen became president of Def Jam/RAL in 1988, after winning a power struggle with Rubin, who would shortly thereafter leave the company to form Def American Recordings. Rubin would take Slayer with him to Def American in its initial stages.

PolyGram era (1994–1998)

By 1992, despite recent multi-platinum selling releases from Public Enemy, and EPMD, Def Jam ran into severe financial troubles and was faced with folding. However, in 1994, PolyGram purchased Sony's 50% stake in Def Jam Recordings—subsequently bringing the label into its fold. Following PolyGram's purchase, Def Jam distributed the Violator Records-signed artist Warren G's Regulate... G Funk Era album, which went triple platinum and brought much-needed revenue to Def Jam through its distribution deal with Violator.[8]

PolyGram acquired an additional 10% in Def Jam Recordings in 1996, further strengthening its ownership of Def Jam. Shortly thereafter, Rush Associated Labels was renamed Def Jam Music Group. The label remained profitable as its veteran star LL Cool J released his successful album Mr. Smith in 1995. The label later signed Foxy Brown, whose debut album Ill Na Na became a platinum seller in 1997.

The Island Def Jam Music Group founding (1998–2000)

In 1998, PolyGram was purchased by Seagram and merged with the MCA family of labels, which became Universal Music Group. It then purchased the remaining interest of Def Jam Recordings from Russell Simmons for a reported $100 million. UMG merged 14+ record labels including: Def Jam, Island Records and Mercury Records to form The Island Def Jam Music Group. Despite the formation of IDJMG, the Def Jam, Mercury, and Island labels continued to operate as separate imprints underneath the bigger umbrella.

Lyor Cohen was appointed co-president of IDJMG, and Kevin Liles succeeded him as president of Def Jam. In 1999, IDJMG created a R&B spin-off label called Def Soul Recordings to run alongside Def Jam Recordings, which inherited many of Island Records' urban artists, including Dru Hill and its lead singer Sisqó, the Isley Brothers and Kelly Price. Def Soul also issued recordings by Musiq, Montell Jordan, Case, 112, Patti LaBelle, and Christina Milian. Island's 4th & B'way Records was also folded into Def Jam. Kevin Liles also served as President of Def Soul Records.

Also in 1999, the label began to distribute releases by Murder Inc. Records, run by former Def Jam executive Irv Gotti. Murder Inc.'s roster of artists would include Ja Rule, Ashanti, Lloyd, Vita. The following year, it launched another subsidiary, Def Jam South, which focused on Southern rap and distributed releases from labels such as Disturbing tha Peace, whose artists have included Ludacris, Chingy, and Bobby Valentino. Russell Simmons tapped Texas-born and raised rap legend Scarface as the original head of Def Jam South. After about a 4-year run at Def Jam South, Scarface negotiated a release from the company in 2003.

2000s

In 2000, The Island Def Jam Music Group announced the formation of Def Jam Germany, the first international Def Jam company. This increased the label's presence around the world. Def Jam Germany signed German rappers Spezializtz and Philly MC. The label was located in Berlin and opened on May 23, 2000. In addition to signing and marketing local artists, Def Jam Germany also marketed all U.S. signed Def Jam artists in the German territory. But the German division folded just two years later in 2002. Many of the artists were picked up by Universal/Urban, while others did not get a new contract.[9]

The second international label is a Japanese branch, {{nihongo|Def Jam Japan|デフ・ジャム・ジャパン|Defu Jamu Japan}}, also founded in 2000.[10] Their artist roster has included AI, Teriyaki Boyz, Nitro Microphone Underground, and South Korean boy band BTS.

In 2003, Murder Inc. became the center of a money laundering investigation involving illegal profits from drug trade,[11] leading to the label's eventual release from its distribution contract by 2005. The final shares of Roc-A-Fella Records were sold to The Island Def Jam Music Group in 2004, by which time it had launched the career of producer-turned-rapper Kanye West.

In 2004, Cohen left IDJMG for Warner Music Group, and was replaced by former Arista and later Epic executive L.A. Reid. An unhappy Liles eventually decided to follow Cohen to Warner.[12] A bidding war for Jay-Z's contract began, and Reid appointed Jay-Z president of Def Jam.[12]

Under Jay-Z's leadership, Def Jam launched the successful careers of contemporary R&B singers Rihanna and Ne-Yo. At the end of 2007, Jay-Z decided not to renew his contract as the President and CEO of Def Jam in order to start his new venture, Roc Nation.[13] Following Jay-Z's departure, L.A. Reid took over leadership of the label, as opposed to hiring a replacement. In June 2008, Shakir Stewart was appointed as Executive Vice President of Def Jam, a position that was previously left vacant since December 2007.

2010s

In March 2012, it was announced that former Warner Bros. Records executive Joie Manda would become the first president of Def Jam since Jay-Z.[14] Until March 2013 when he exited his post at Def Jam and it was announced he'd be heading up the urban division of Interscope Records by his former boss, Barry Weiss.[15] The-Dream served as Def Jam's executive vice president of A&R at Def Jam between 2012 and 2014. No I.D. upholded the position of executive vice president after helping to establish GOOD Music with Kanye West.[16] No I.D. is now the executive vice president of Capitol Music Group.

On April 1, 2014, it was announced that Island Def Jam would no longer be active following the resignation of CEO Barry Weiss. A press release serviced by Universal Music Group stated that IDJMG, and all of its assets would be reorganized into Def Jam Recordings, Island Records and Motown Records, all as separate entities.[17]

Def Jam Recordings operates as a stand-alone label within Universal Music Group. Def Jam signed Dani Leigh to the label in early 2017. Steve Bartels served a time as President/CEO of Def Jam Recording until it was announced on August 3, 2017 that as of January 2018, Eminem's longtime manager and co-founder of Shady Records, Paul Rosenberg has been appointed Chairman/CEO of Def Jam Recordings.[18]

Presidents

  • Lyor Cohen (1988-1998)
  • Kevin Liles (1998-2004)
  • JAY-Z (2005-2007)
  • L.A. Reid (2007-2012)
  • Joie Manda (2012-2013)
  • Steve Bartels (2013-2017)
  • Paul Rosenberg (2018-present)

Executive Vice Presidents

  • Shakir Stewart (1995-2008)(Deceased)(EVP of Def Jam)
  • Karen Kwak (2011-2014) (EVP of Def Jam)[19][20]
  • The-Dream (2012-2014) (EVP of A&R at Def Jam)
  • No I.D. (2011-2017) (EVP of Def Jam)
  • Steven Victor (2017-Present) (EVP of A&R at Def Jam)[21]

Notable current artists

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • 070 Shake
  • 12Honcho [22]
  • 2 Chainz
  • Alessia Cara[23]
  • Amir Obé
  • Arlissa[24]
  • Ashton Travis [25]
  • Beau Young Prince[26]
  • Bernard Jabs[27]
  • Bibi Bourelly
  • Big Sean
  • Billz [28]
  • Bobby Sessions[29]
  • Common
  • Cosha TG [30]
  • DaniLeigh[31]
  • Dave East
  • Desiigner
  • diveliner[32]
  • Dominic Lord [33]
  • Earl St. Clair
  • Fabolous
  • Fetty Luciano [34]
  • Jadakiss
  • Jeezy
  • Jeremih
  • Jesse Boykins III
  • Jhené Aiko
  • Justin Bieber
  • K. Roosevelt [35]
  • Kanye West
  • Kids See Ghosts
  • Krept and Konan
  • Landstrip Chip [36]
  • LEAVEMEALONE [37]
  • Logic
  • Lul G [38]
  • Maxo[39]
  • Nas
  • Nasaan [40]
  • Nimic Revenue [41]
  • Payroll & Cardo
  • Pusha T
  • Pvrx [42]
  • Q-Tip
  • S3nsi Molly & Lil Brook [43]
  • Sneakk [44]
  • Striiipes [45]
  • Suzi Wu [46]
  • Teyana Taylor
  • TJ Porter [47]
  • Toni Braxton
  • Valee
  • Vince Staples
  • YFL Kelvin [48]
  • YG
  • YK Osiris [49]
{{Div col end}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|last1=Breihan|first1=Tom|title=Kanye's G.O.O.D. Music Signs With Def Jam|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/43005-kanyes-good-music-signs-with-def-jam/|website=pitchfork.com|publisher=Pitchfork|accessdate=2015-02-01}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Kanye West's G.O.O.D. Music Signs Worldwide Deal With Island Def Jam|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1177319/kanye-wests-good-music-signs-worldwide-deal-with-island-def-jam|website=billboard.com|publisher=Billboard|accessdate=2015-02-01}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/02/magazine/02rubin.t.html?pagewanted=all|author=Herschberg, Lynn|title=The Music Man|work=New York Times Magazine|date=September 2, 2007}}
4. ^{{cite web|last=Turner |first=Edwin |url=http://biblioklept.org/2011/12/17/i-review-def-jam-25-the-overstuffed-illustrated-oral-history-of-a-record-label-that-helped-change-american-culture/ |title=I Review Def Jam 25, the Overstuffed Illustrated Oral History of a Record Label that Helped Change American Culture |publisher=Biblioklept |date=2011-12-17 |accessdate=2013-02-28}}
5. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/13/def-jam-launched-simmons-rubin|title=Def Jam Records launched by Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin|work=The Guardian|date=12 June 2011}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/10/09/141181876/rick-rubin-russell-simmons-def-jams-first-25-years|title=Rick Rubin, Russell Simmons: Def Jam's First 25 Years|publisher=NPR|date=9 October 2011}}
7. ^{{cite web|last1=Moore |first1=Maurice |title=Indianapolis: CRUSH Ent Presents: EPMD & DJ Scratch @ The Vogue |url=http://bestevents.us/indianapolis-crush-ent-presents-epmd-amp-dj-scratch-the/418969 |website=bestevents.us |publisher=Best Events |accessdate=2015-07-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703034718/http://bestevents.us/indianapolis-crush-ent-presents-epmd-amp-dj-scratch-the/418969 |archivedate=2015-07-03}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/PolyGram+acquires+50%25+of+Def+Jam.-a015864732|title=PolyGram acquires 50% of Def Jam|publisher=Business Wire|date=1994-11-16|accessdate=2017-05-02}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://netzfeuilleton.de/hiphop-geschichte-label-def-jam/ |title=Hiphop Geschichte des Labels DefJam|publisher=netzfeuilleton.de |date=2014-11-10 |accessdate=2014-11-14}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.universal-music.co.jp/defjam/ |title=Def Jam Japan (A Universal Music Company) |publisher=Universal-music.co.jp |date= |accessdate=2011-08-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805202837/http://www.universal-music.co.jp/defjam/ |archivedate=2011-08-05}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,145482,00.html |title=Hip-Hop's Irv 'Gotti' Surrenders to FBI - Celebrity Gossip | Entertainment News | Arts And Entertainment |publisher=FOXNews.com |date=2005-01-27 |accessdate=2011-08-05}}
12. ^1 Ogunnaike, Lola (Aug. 28, 2005). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/arts/music/28ogun.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Jay-Z, From Superstar to Suit]". New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2008.
13. ^{{cite web|last=Reid |first=Shaheem |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1578538/20071224/jay_z.jhtml |title=Jay-Z Stepping Down As Def Jam President/CEO |publisher=MTV News |date=2007-12-24 |accessdate=2011-08-05}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1681053/def-jam-new-president-joie-manda.jhtml |author=Markman, Rob|title=Def Jam Names Joie Manda New President|publisher=MTV.com |date=2012-03-12 |accessdate=2011-08-05}}
15. ^{{cite web|work=Billboard|title=Joie Manda Resigns as Def Jam President, Moving to Interscope|author=Aswad, Jem|date=March 28, 2013|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/record-labels/1554917/joie-manda-resigns-as-def-jam-president-moving-to-interscope}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://thesource.com/2014/04/03/no-i-d-is-the-new-executive-vice-president-of-def-jam-recordings/|title=No I.D. Is The New Executive Vice President Of Def Jam Recordings|author=pologod|work=The Source}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2014/04/island-def-jam-will-longer-exist/|title=Island Def Jam Is Over|author=miranda|date=1 April 2014|work=XXL Mag}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7889714/paul-rosenberg-ceo-def-jam-eminem-manager|title=Eminem's Manager Paul Rosenberg Named New CEO of Def Jam|work=Billboard|access-date=2017-08-03}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2014/12/10-a-and-r-behind-your-favorite-artists-of-2014/karen-kwak|title=10 A&Rs Behind Your Favorite Artists of 2014Karen Kwak|website=Complex}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.universalmusic.com/karen-kwak-named-senior-vice-president-ar-operations-office-of-the-chairman-for-the-island-def-jam-music-group/|title=KAREN KWAK NAMED SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, A&R OPERATIONS, OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN FOR THE ISLAND DEF JAM MUSIC GROUP - UMG|date=13 April 2004|publisher=}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/music/news/def-jam-steven-victor-interview-alessia-cara-album-1202756818|title=Def Jam Exec VP Steven Victor on the Future of A&R: ‘We Need to Be Young and Nimble’|website=Variety}}
22. ^{{cite web|author=Joe Price |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2018/12/12honcho-depressed-video |title=Premiere: Florida Rapper 12Honcho Delves Into Darkness With "Depressed" Video |publisher=complex.com |date=2018-12-14 |accessdate=2018-12-24}}
23. ^{{cite news|last1=Caramanica|first1=Jon|title=Alessia Cara Speaks Up for the Outsiders on 'Here'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/20/arts/music/alessia-cara-speaks-up-for-the-outsiders-on-here.html|accessdate=1 June 2015|publisher=The New York Times|date=19 May 2015}}
24. ^{{cite web|author=Arlissa |url=http://www.defjam.com/artists/arlissa |title=Arlissa |publisher=Def Jam |date=2018-08-25 |accessdate=2018-08-25}}
25. ^{{cite web|author=Yohance Kyles |url=https://allhiphop.com/news/def-jam-announces-undisputed-compilation-featuring-new-artists-on-the-roster-oGRNfZQwfkus_ZPbEtdThw/ |title=Def Jam Announces 'Undisputed' Compilation Featuring New Artists On The Roster |publisher=allhiphop.com |date=2019-01-24 |accessdate=2019-01-24}}
26. ^{{cite web|author=Beau Young Prince |url=https://www.facebook.com/BeauYoungPrince/posts/byp-x-def-jam-recordings-i-worked-very-hard-for-this-moment-welcome-to-a-new-era/10156467370837451/ |publisher=Facebook.com |date=2018-06-06 |accessdate=2018-08-25}}
27. ^{{cite web|author=Sydney Gore |url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/bernard-jabs-big-tymers-premiere/ |title=Bernard Jabs Drops an Anthem for All the "Big Tymers" |publisher=Highsnobiety |date=2018-11-09 |accessdate=2018-11-20}}
28. ^{{cite web|author=Yohance Kyles |url=https://allhiphop.com/news/def-jam-announces-undisputed-compilation-featuring-new-artists-on-the-roster-oGRNfZQwfkus_ZPbEtdThw/ |title=Def Jam Announces 'Undisputed' Compilation Featuring New Artists On The Roster |publisher=allhiphop.com |date=2019-01-24 |accessdate=2019-01-24}}
29. ^{{cite web|author=Bobby Sessions |url=http://www.defjam.com/artists/bobby-sessions |title=Bobby Sessions |publisher=Def Jam |date=2018-08-25 |accessdate=2018-08-25}}
30. ^{{cite web|author=Jem Aswad |url=https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/def-jam-timbaland-mosely-music-group-partnership-exclusive-1203164272/ |title=Timbaland's Mosley Music Group Strikes Joint Venture With Def Jam (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=2019-03-15 |accessdate=2019-03-20}}
31. ^{{cite web|author=DaniLeigh |url=http://www.defjam.com/artists/danileigh-0 |title=DaniLeigh |publisher=Def Jam |date=2018-08-25 |accessdate=2018-08-25}}
32. ^{{cite web|author=Liam McCarthy |url=https://www.elevatormag.com/diveliners-new-single-will-make-you-feel-eighteen-again/ |title=Diveliner's new single will make you feel "Eighteen Again" |publisher=elevatormag.com |date=2018-11-16 |accessdate=2018-11-20}}
33. ^{{cite web|author=Yohance Kyles |url=https://allhiphop.com/news/def-jam-announces-undisputed-compilation-featuring-new-artists-on-the-roster-oGRNfZQwfkus_ZPbEtdThw/ |title=Def Jam Announces 'Undisputed' Compilation Featuring New Artists On The Roster |publisher=allhiphop.com |date=2019-01-24 |accessdate=2019-01-24}}
34. ^{{cite web|author=King Louie |url=https://www.hot97.com/news/whos-next/def-jams-newest-artist-fetty-luciano-rates-new-music-whos-next-rated-video |publisher=Ho797.com |date=2018-10-12 |accessdate=2018-10-21}}
35. ^{{cite web|author=Michael Saponara |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8465092/k-roosevelt-adrenaline-video-signs-def-jam |title=K Roosevelt Signs With Def Jam, Premieres New 'Adrenaline' Video: Exclusive |publisher=Billboard.com |date=2018-07-13 |accessdate=2018-10-21}}
36. ^{{cite web|author=Yohance Kyles |url=https://allhiphop.com/news/def-jam-announces-undisputed-compilation-featuring-new-artists-on-the-roster-oGRNfZQwfkus_ZPbEtdThw/ |title=Def Jam Announces 'Undisputed' Compilation Featuring New Artists On The Roster |publisher=allhiphop.com |date=2019-01-24 |accessdate=2019-01-24}}
37. ^{{cite web|author=Nick Mojica |url=http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2018/07/leavemealone-face-no-smoke-ronny-j/ |title=Leavemealone Drops New Songs "Face" and "No Smoke" Produced by Ronny J |publisher=XXL.com |date=2018-07-20 |accessdate=2018-08-25}}
38. ^{{cite web|author=Yohance Kyles |url=https://allhiphop.com/news/def-jam-announces-undisputed-compilation-featuring-new-artists-on-the-roster-oGRNfZQwfkus_ZPbEtdThw/ |title=Def Jam Announces 'Undisputed' Compilation Featuring New Artists On The Roster |publisher=allhiphop.com |date=2019-01-24 |accessdate=2019-01-24}}
39. ^{{cite web|author=Joe Price |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2019/01/maxo-time-video |title=Premiere: Maxo Drops "Time" Video |publisher=complex.com |date=2019-01-23 |accessdate=2019-01-23}}
40. ^{{cite web|author=Yohance Kyles |url=https://allhiphop.com/news/def-jam-announces-undisputed-compilation-featuring-new-artists-on-the-roster-oGRNfZQwfkus_ZPbEtdThw/ |title=Def Jam Announces 'Undisputed' Compilation Featuring New Artists On The Roster |publisher=allhiphop.com |date=2019-01-24 |accessdate=2019-01-24}}
41. ^{{cite web|author=Michael Madden |url=http://www.citypages.com/music/new-def-jam-signee-nimic-revenue-leads-off-decembers-twin-cities-rap-roundup/502364421 |title=New Def Jam signee Nimic Revenue leads off December's Twin Cities rap roundup |publisher=citypages.com |date=2018-12-11 |accessdate=2018-12-24}}
42. ^{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2018/08/def-jam-signee-pvrx-drops-two-new-songs |publisher=Complex.com |date=2018-08-20 |accessdate=2018-08-25}}
43. ^{{cite web|author=Yohance Kyles |url=https://allhiphop.com/news/def-jam-announces-undisputed-compilation-featuring-new-artists-on-the-roster-oGRNfZQwfkus_ZPbEtdThw/ |title=Def Jam Announces 'Undisputed' Compilation Featuring New Artists On The Roster |publisher=allhiphop.com |date=2019-01-24 |accessdate=2019-01-24}}
44. ^{{cite web|author=Jake Boyer |url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/sneakk-spray-video/ |title=Sneakk Links Up With YG & Tyga for Debut Music Video "Spray" |publisher=highsnobiety.com |date=2018-12-07 |accessdate=2018-12-10}}
45. ^{{cite web|author=Yohance Kyles |url=https://allhiphop.com/news/def-jam-announces-undisputed-compilation-featuring-new-artists-on-the-roster-oGRNfZQwfkus_ZPbEtdThw/ |title=Def Jam Announces 'Undisputed' Compilation Featuring New Artists On The Roster |publisher=allhiphop.com |date=2019-01-24 |accessdate=2019-01-24}}
46. ^{{cite web|author=Rob Hakimian |url=https://www.thefourohfive.com/music/article/london-newcomer-suzi-wu-signs-to-def-jam-and-shares-grim-reaper-ahead-of-debut-ep-154 |title=London newcomer Suzi Wu signs to Def Jam and shares 'Grim Reaper' ahead of new EP |publisher=thefourohfive.com |date=2018-11-06 |accessdate=2018-12-24}}
47. ^{{cite web|author=SLAM |url=https://www.facebook.com/SLAMMagazine/videos/rapper-and-hooper-tj-porter-is-putting-nyc-on-his-back/2148556815394877/ |publisher=Facebook.com |date=2018-08-11 |accessdate=2018-08-25}}
48. ^{{cite web|author=I'm From Cleveland |url=https://imfromcleveland.com/yfl-kelvin-signs-w-def-jam/ |publisher=imfromcleveland.com |date=2018-08-30 |accessdate=2018-10-21}}
49. ^{{cite web|author=Dan Rys |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8347184/def-jam-boosts-ar-department-deals-yk-osiris-ronny-j |publisher=Billboard.com |date=2018-08-11 |accessdate=2018-08-25}}

External links

  • Interview with Shakir Stewart, HitQuarters Nov 5
{{Def Jam Recordings}}{{Def Jam South}}{{Vivendi}}

9 : American record labels|Companies based in New York City|Labels distributed by Universal Music Group|Hip hop record labels|Record labels established in 1983|Rhythm and blues record labels|Vivendi subsidiaries|Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam Recordings artists
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