| 词条 | Mediaster aequalis |
| 释义 |
| name = Vermilion sea star | image = Mediaster aequalis 25March2010 14.jpg | genus = Mediaster | species = aequalis | authority = Stimpson, 1857[1] | synonyms = *Ophidiaster aequalis Dujardin & Hupe, 1862 | synonyms_ref = [1] }}Mediaster aequalis is a species of sea star in the family Goniasteridae. It is native to the west coast of North America, ranging from Alaska to California. It is found in various habitats including beaches during very low tides, and at depths down to about {{convert|500|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}}. Also known as the vermilion sea star, it is the type species of the genus Mediaster and was first described in 1857 by the American zoologist William Stimpson.[2] DescriptionM. aequalis has five (occasionally four or six) stumpy arms and grows to a diameter of up to {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}. The aboral (upper) surface is bright red while the oral (under) surface is an orangey-red. The tube feet are red.[3] There is a row of conspicuous marginal plates along the edge of the arms on the aboral surface, and the central disc bears many flat-topped ossicles (platelike calcareous structures); these consist of a central group of granules surrounded by a ring of about twenty-five marginal granules.[4]Distribution and habitatM. aequalis is native to the western coast of North America, its range extending from Chignik Bay in Alaska southwards to Baja California. It often inhabits rocky substrates, at depths ranging from the low intertidal to around {{convert|500|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}}.[4]EcologyM. aequalis is both an omnivore and a predator and will scavenge for dead animals and detritus. As well as feeding on algae, it preys on tunicates (such as sea pork), sea pens, sponges, bryozoans, brachiopods and polychaete worms. In its turn it is hunted by the larger morning sun star. It can move at the rate of {{convert|40|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} per minute, which is fast for a starfish. Juvenile M. aequalis often congregate among the tubes of Phyllochaetopterus prolifica, a tube-dwelling worm,[4][5] and research in Washington State has shown that the larvae are highly selective in where they settle, exclusively choosing to do so on these tubes.[6]References1. ^1 {{cite WoRMS |author= Mah, Christopher |year=2008 |title=Mediaster aequalis Stimpson, 1857 |id=242160 |accessdate=11 September 2017|db=}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Stimpson|first1=William|title=On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shores of North America|date=1857|pages=530–531|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37488276|journal=Boston Journal of Natural History|volume=6|issue=4}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37488339 Pl. 23], figs. 7–11. 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.racerocks.com/racerock/eco/taxalab/mediastera/damieng.htm |title=Mediaster aequalis |publisher=Race Rocks |accessdate=11 September 2017}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://inverts.wallawalla.edu/Echinodermata/Class%20Asteroidea/Mediaster_aequalis.html |title=Mediaster aequalis Stimpson, 1857 |author=Cowles, David |year=2006 |accessdate=11 September 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.seastarsofthepacificnorthwest.info/species/vermilion_star.html |title=Vermilion star |year=2013 |work=Sea stars of the Pacific Northwest |accessdate=11 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925184631/http://www.seastarsofthepacificnorthwest.info/species/vermilion_star.html |archive-date=2016-09-25 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 6. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Jangoux |editor1-first=Michel|editor2-last=Lawrence |editor2-first= John M.|title=Echinoderm Studies |volume=6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NvnLS2KDvy4C&pg=PA10 |year=2001 |isbn=978-90-5809-301-1 |page=10|chapter=Larval supply, settlement and recruitment in echinoderms|last1=Balch |first1=Toby | last2=Scheibling |first2=Robert E. |publisher=A.A. Balkema | location= Lisse}} }} Further reading
3 : Goniasteridae|Animals described in 1857|Fauna of the Pacific Ocean |
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