| 词条 | Melaleuca linariifolia | ||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Snow-in-summer |image = Melaleuca linariifolia.jpg |image_caption = Melaleuca linariifolia leaves and flowers |genus = Melaleuca |species = linariifolia |authority = Sm. }} Melaleuca linariifolia, commonly known as snow-in-summer, narrow-leaved paperbark, flax-leaved paperbark and in the language of the Gadigal people as budjur. It is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. A hardy plant, it flowers prolifically in late spring or summer, making it a popular garden shrub or small tree in temperate places. Melaleuca trichostachya is a similar species but its leaves are arranged differently and the fruits have projecting valves. DescriptionMelaleuca linariifolia is a small tree growing to a height of {{convert|6-10|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} with distinctive and attractive white or creamy white, papery bark and a dense canopy. Its leaves are arranged in alternating pairs (decussate), glabrous except when very young, {{convert|17-45|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|1-4|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide, linear to lance-shaped and with a distinct mid-vein.[1][2]The flowers are white to creamy-white, perfumed and arranged in spikes on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering, sometimes also in the upper leaf axils. Each spike is up to {{convert|40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and long and contains 4 to 20 individual flowers. The petals are {{convert|2.5-3.3|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and fall off as the flower matures. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower and each bundle contains 32 to 73 stamens. The flowers cover the tree over a relatively short period, between October and February and are followed by fruit which are woody capsules, {{convert|2.5-4|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|4-5|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long scattered along the stems.The fruiting capsules have valves which do not project beyond the rim of the capsule.[1][2][3] Taxonomy and namingMelaleuca linariifolia was first formally described in 1797 by James Edward Smith in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.[4][5] Smith noted that "This, we are told by Mr White, is a large tree, the bark of which is very thick and spongy, serving the purpose of tinder." The specific epithet (linariifolia) is derived from the Linaria, a genus of plants now in the family Plantaginaceae, and the Latin word folium meaning "leaf"[6] referring to the similarity of the leaves of this species to those of a species of Linaria.[1]DistributionThis melaleuca occurs from the Maryborough district in Queensland to Bawley Point in the Ulladulla district in New South Wales. There is also a disjunct population in the Blackdown Tableland National Park. It is found in heath and dry sclerophyll forest habitats, usually growing near watercourses or swamps.[3] UsesHorticultureMelaleuca linariifolia is cultivated as an ornamental tree for parks and gardens and is also used as a screen or windbreak in Australia[7][8] and overseas.[9] It is popular as a nature strip tree in Melbourne in Victoria.[2] It tolerates both dry and boggy conditions and is frost hardy.[2] It should be planted with caution as it can damage wastewater pipes,[10] and is easily ignitable, so should not be planted in fire-prone areas. It has also become a garden escape in Western Australia,[11] however it suitable for planting under powerlines[12] and is a food or habitat sources for native animals, including many insects.[12]There is a range of cultivars that has been developed including dwarf forms such as "Snowstorm"[13] which grows to a height of {{convert|1.5|m|ft|sigfig=1}} and "Seafoam" {{convert|2.5|m|ft|sigfig=1}}.[7] Essential oilsThis species is rich in essential oils, especially Terpinen-4-ol. It has a wider range of tolerance to environmental conditions than the main current source of "tea tree" oil, Melaleuca alternifolia and therefore has potential as an alternative.[1] GallerySee also
References{{Commons category|Melaleuca linariifolia}}1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=Brophy |first1=Joseph J. |last2=Craven |first2=Lyndley A. |last3=Doran |first3=John C. |title=Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses |date=2013 |publisher=Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research |location=Canberra |isbn=978-1-922137-51-7 |pages=227–228}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2709936}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=Holliday |first1=Ivan |title=Melaleucas : a field and garden guide |date=2004 |publisher=Reed New Holland Publishers |location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W. |isbn=1-876334-98-3 |pages=174–175 |edition=2nd}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Wilson|first1=Peter G.|title=Melaleuca linariifolia|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Melaleuca~linariifolia|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney;PlantNet|accessdate=4 June 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Melaleuca linariifolia|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/boa/instance/apni/514195|publisher=APNI|accessdate=4 June 2015}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=James Edward|title=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London: (Volume 3): Botanical Characters of Some Plants of the Natural Order of Myrti.|date=1797|location=London|page=278|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13713#page/305/mode/1up|accessdate=4 June 2015}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page=340}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Melaleuca linariifolia|url=http://anpsa.org.au/m-lin.html|publisher=Australian Native Plant Society, Australia|accessdate=4 June 2015}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Wrigley|first1=John W.|last2=Fagg|first2=Murray|title=Australian native plants : a manual for their propagation, cultivation and use in landscaping|date=1983|publisher=Collins|location=Sydney|isbn=0002165759|page=352|edition=2}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Flaxleaf paperbark|url=http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=724|publisher=Virginia Tech|accessdate=4 June 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Melaleuca linariifolia|url=https://www.sydneywater.com.au/SW/your-home/saving-water-at-home/garden-and-pool/plant-selector/plant-detail/SWP_CDF_DD_050907|publisher=Sydney Water|accessdate=4 June 2015}} 11. ^{{FloraBase|name=Melaleuca linariifolia|id = 19969}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|title=Melaleuca linariifolia|url=http://fe.yarraranges.vic.gov.au/files/F30EFE63-1EDF-4954-90E6-9DA501084C40/Melaleuca_linariifolia.pdf|publisher=Yarra Ranges Shire Council|accessdate=4 June 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Melaleuca linariifolia ‘Snowstorm’|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/boa/instance/apni/596739|publisher=APNI|accessdate=4 June 2015}} 9 : Melaleuca|Trees of Australia|Myrtales of Australia|Flora of New South Wales|Flora of Queensland|Garden plants of Australia|Drought-tolerant trees|Plants described in 1797|Taxa named by Lyndley Craven |
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