| 词条 | Member of Parliament (United Kingdom) |
| 释义 |
In the United Kingdom, Member of Parliament (MP) is the title given to individuals elected to serve in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.[1] Electoral systemAll 650 Members of Parliament are elected using the first past the post in single member constituencies across the whole of the United Kingdom in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland where each constituency has its own single representative.[2][3]
ElectionsAll MP positions become simultaneously vacant for elections held on a five-year cycle. The Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 sets out that ordinary general elections are held on the first Thursday in May, every five years.[4] If a vacancy arises at another time, due to death or resignation, then a constituency vacancy may be filled by a by-election. Under the Recall of MPs Act 2015 a by-election can be called if more than 10% of registered voters within the constituency concerned sign a petition of recall if an MP is found guilty of wrongdoing.[5] TitleAn MP who is a member of the Privy Council is entitled to be known as The Right Honourable (The Rt Hon. or Rt Hon.) Name MP, or simply as Name MP (Name AM in Wales, TD in Ireland) if they are not. Responsibilities{{quote|text=Your representative owes you, not his industry only, but his judgment; and he betrays, instead of serving you, if he sacrifices it to your opinion … Parliament is not a congress of ambassadors from different and hostile interests, which interests each must maintain, as an agent and advocate, against other agents and advocates; but parliament is a deliberative assembly of one nation, with one interest, that of the whole; where, not local purposes, not local prejudices ought to guide, but the general good, resulting from the general reason of the whole. You choose a member indeed; but when you have chosen him, he is not member of Bristol, but he is a member of parliament. |author=Edmund Burke |source=Speech to the Electors of Bristol (3 Nov. 1774)[6]}}{{quote |text=The first duty of a member of Parliament is to do what he thinks in his faithful and disinterested judgement is right and necessary for the honour and safety of Great Britain. His second duty is to his constituents, of whom he is the representative but not the delegate. Burke's famous declaration on this subject is well known. It is only in the third place that his duty to party organization or programme takes rank. All these three loyalties should be observed, but there in no doubt of the order in which they stand under any healthy manifestation of democracy. |author=Winston Churchill |source=Duties of a Member of Parliament (c.1954-1955)[6]}} Contemporary MPs are considered to have two duties, or three if they belong to a political party. Their primary responsibility is to act in the national interest. Their must also act in the interests of their constituents where this does not override their primary responsibility. Finally, if they belong to a political party, they may act in the interests of that party, subordinate to the other two responsibilities.[7][8][9][10][11] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=What MPs do|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/mps-and-lords/members/mps/|publisher=UK Parliament|accessdate=21 April 2017}} 2. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/voting-systems/|title=Voting Systems in the UK|accessdate=2 April 2019}} 3. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/constituencies/|title=Parliamentary Constituencies|accessdate=2 April 2019}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Fixed-term Parlliaments Act 2011 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/14/introduction/enacted|publisher=UK Legislation|accessdate=16 August 2018}} 5. ^{{citeweb|url=https://services.parliament.uk/bills/2014-15/recallofmps.html|title=Recall of MPs Act 2015|website=Parliament.uk|publisher=Parliament.uk|accessdate=2 April 2019}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmmodern/337/33706.htm|title=House of Commons - Modernisation of the House of Commons - First Report|website=publications.parliament.uk}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/politics/brexit-deal-theresa-may-parliament-constitution-commons-vote-mps-a8797151.html|title=Fixing Brexit: How parliament’s checks and balances can solve our political crisis|date=1 March 2019|website=The Independent}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bL0FDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT45&lpg=PT45&dq=%22representative+but+not+the+delegate%22|title=Political Parties and Elections: Legislating for Representative Democracy|first=Anika|last=Gauja|date=22 April 2016|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vTff_YwkKSYC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=%22representative+but+not+the+delegate%22|title=Revitalising the Chamber: the role of the back bench Member, first report of session 2006-07, report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence|first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Select Committee on Modernisation of the House of|last=Commons|date=20 June 2007|publisher=The Stationery Office|via=Google Books}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=89AYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT1001&lpg=PT1001&dq=%22representative+but+not+the+delegate%22|title=Classic Readings and Cases in the Philosophy of Law|first=Susan|last=Dimock|date=16 September 2016|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2017/02/03/churchill-would-have-defended-enemies-democracy/|title=Why Churchill would have defended our ‘enemies of democracy’|first=Michael|last=Deacon|date=3 February 2017|publisher=|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}} 2 : Members of Parliament|Parliament of the United Kingdom |
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