| 词条 | Menouthis |
| 释义 |
Menouthis was a sacred city in ancient Egypt, devoted to the Egyptian goddess Isis and god Serapis. The city was submerged under water in the 8th century as a result of earthquakes or a Nile flood. Its exact location remained uncertain until 2000 when an archaeological team led by Franck Goddio reported rediscovery of Menouthis underwater a little northeast of Alexandria. Religious significanceIn Roman Egypt, Menouthis was widely renowned as an oracular and healing cult centre of the Ancient Egyptian goddess Isis{{sfn|Frankfurter|1998|p=258}} and it drew devotees from a fairly wide region.{{sfn|Frankfurter|1998|p=10}} The Temple of Isis in the city contained religious statues and was decorated with hieroglyphs. In 413 AD, at a site opposite the temple,{{sfn|McKenzie|2007|p=249}} Pope Theophilus of Alexandria built a Christian shrine dedicated to the Four Evangelists. The shrine became home to the bones of the saints Cyrus and John, which were moved there from Alexandria by Cyril of Alexandria.{{sfn|McKenzie|2007|p=247}} Coptic tradition says that the pagan temple remained in use alongside the Christian shrine and the worship of Egyptian gods and their statues continued in the city.{{sfn|McKenzie|2007|p=249}} As time went by the traditional healing function of the temple was transferred to the Christian shrine.{{sfn|McKenzie|2007|p=249}} The temple was demolished in 484 AD and the statues of the classical gods in the city were removed or destroyed in 488–9 AD.{{sfn|Frankfurter|1998|p=10}} By the end of the 5th century the Christian shrine had replaced the temple as a healing centre.{{sfn|Frankfurter|1998|p=422}} At the height of its popularity in the 6th and 7th centuries the shrine was one of the two principal pilgrimage centres of Christian Egypt.{{sfn|Frankfurter|1998|p=257}} In popular culture"Menouthis" is also the name of a song by E.S. Posthumus, inspired by the ancient city. ReferencesFurther reading
2 : Cities in ancient Egypt|Sunken cities |
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