词条 | Meridional French |
释义 |
|name=Meridional French |nativename=français méridional |pronunciation= |states= Occitania |speakers=? |date= |ref= |speakers2= |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=Italic |fam3=Romance |fam4=Western |fam5=Gallo-Romance |fam6=Oïl |fam7=French |minority= |isoexception=dialect |glotto=none |map= }} Meridional French ({{lang-fr|français méridional}}), also referred to as Francitan, is a regional variant of the French language. Widely spoken in Occitania, it is strongly influenced by Occitan. There are speakers of Meridional French in all generations; however, the accent is most marked among the elderly, who often speak Occitan as their first language. CharacteristicsThe phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon of the Occitan language have all influenced Meridional French, but it is perhaps the phonological effects which are the most salient and have produced the characteristic accent heard from Meridional French speakers. These effects have been summarized as consisting in part of:
Meridional French is also subject to a phonological law known as the Law of Position, in which mid vowels are subject to allophonic variation based on the shape of their syllables, being realized as mid-open in closed syllables (those ending in a consonant) and as mid-close in open syllables (those ending in a vowel). The phenomenon has been shown to be somewhat more complex, however, by Durand (1995), Eychenne (2006), and Chabot (2008). The principle is strictly adhered to by speakers of Meridional French, in contrast to speakers of other varieties of French. Phonology
VocabularyA number of vocabulary items are peculiar to Meridional French: for example, péguer (Occitan pegar), "to be sticky" (Standard French poisser), chocolatine (Southwest), "pain au chocolat", or flute (a larger baguette, known as a pain parisien (Parisian loaf) in Paris). Some phrases are used with meanings which differ from those they have in Standard French. For example, s'il faut, literally meaning "if necessary", is used to mean "perhaps" (which would be rendered in Standard French as peut-être). This is a calque of the Occitan se cal. References{{Portal|France|French language and French-speaking world}}
| author = Chabot, Alex | title = Suprasegmental Structure in Meridional French and its Provençal Substrate | date = 2004 | url = http://www.eggparm.com/AChabotMAthesis.pdf | accessdate = 2010-12-19 }}
| doi = 10.1016/0024-3841(95)90100-0 | author = Durand, Jacques | title = Alternances vocaliques en français du midi et phonologie du gouvernement | journal = Lingua | volume = 95 | issue = 1-3 | pages = 27–50 | date = 1995}}
|author=Eychenne, Julien |title=Aspects de la phonologie du schwa dans le français contemporain. Optimalité, visibilité prosodique, gradience. |date=2006 |url=http://www.julieneychenne.info/files/pdf/Eychenne_these.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722134507/http://julieneychenne.info/files/pdf/Eychenne_these.pdf |access-date=2015-07-22 |archive-date=2015-07-22 |language=French |format=PDF |dead-url=no |df= }}{{French dialects by continent}} 2 : French dialects|Occitan language |
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