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| 释义 |
| name = Mesaieed | native_name = مسيعيد | native_name_lang = ar | type = City | image_skyline = File:Al khor- ras laffan road. qatar - panoramio.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = View from the road of a gated community in Mesaieed near Dunes Mall | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_map = QA-10.svg | mapsize = x220px | map_alt = | map_caption = Map of Qatar with Mesaieed highlighted | pushpin_map = Qatar | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = 220 | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|24.98|51.55|region:QA-10_type:city|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = Umm Sa'id | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Qatar}} | subdivision_type1 = Municipality | subdivision_name1 = Al Wakrah Municipality | subdivision_type2 = Zone | subdivision_name2 = Zone 92 | subdivision_type3 = District no. | subdivision_name3 = 650 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1949 | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = [1] | area_total_km2 = 86.8 | area_note = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | timezone1 = East Africa Time | utc_offset1 = +03 | iso_code = QA | website = | footnotes = }}Mesaieed ({{lang-ar|مسيعيد}}, also transliterated as Musay'id and Umm Sa'id) is an industrial city in Al Wakrah Municipality in the State of Qatar, approximately {{convert|36|km}} south of Doha. It was one of the most important cities in Qatar during the 20th century, having gained in recognition as a prime industrial zone and tanking center for petroleum received from Dukhan.[2] Both Mesaieed and its industrial area are administered by a subdivision of Qatar Petroleum called "Mesaieed Industry City Management", which was established in 1996.[3] EtymologyAccording to The Centre for Geographic Information Systems of Qatar, the city derives its name from a plant known locally as "sead" which previously grew in bountiful quantities in the area.[3] HistoryMesaieed was established in 1949 as a tanker terminal by Qatar Petroleum on a previously uninhabited site along the coast. It was chosen by the company because of its proximity to the working population in Doha and Al Wakrah and because of the depth of its waters.[4] It was the only deepwater port in Qatar for more than 20 years.[5] AdministrationIt was administered wholly by Qatar Petroleum at the time of its inception. After Qatar Petroleum transferred its headquarters from Dukhan to Mesaieed in 1956, they undertook substantial development on workers' camps and facilities.[6] The government had agreed to the company's request to allow it full jurisdiction over the area, and additionally, until the 1960s, the government had prioritized the development of Doha rather than its oil and natural gas industry.[7] The rapid growth of oil and natural gas revenues in the 1960s and the accession of Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani in 1972 resulted in the government assuming a portion of control over the area.[9] In 1997, Mesaieed Municipality was formed from the areas of Mesaieed Industrial Area, Mesaieed and Shagra.[8] It was dissolved in 2006 and reincorporated in the municipality of Al Wakrah.[9] When free elections of the Central Municipal Council first took place in Qatar during 1999,[10] Mesaieed was designated the constituency seat of constituency no. 11.[11] It would remain constituency seat in the next three consecutive elections until the fifth municipal elections in 2015 when it was merged into constituency no. 20.[12] In the inaugural municipal elections in 1999, Mohammed Hamad Al Shawi Al Marri won the elections, receiving 48.8%, or 60, of the votes. Runner-up that year was Saud Al Awad Al Dosari, who was trailing with 41.5%, or 51, of the votes.[11] Mansour Salem Al-Hajri was elected in the 2002 elections.[13] For the third municipal elections in 2007, Saeed Ali Al-Marri was elected constituency representative.[14] Al-Marri successfully retained his seat in the 2011 elections.[15] GeographyMesaieed is located on the southeast coast, approximately {{convert|36|km}} south of Qatar's capital, Doha. It is a part of the Al Wakrah Municipality.[16] Other distances include Al Wakrah – 21 km away, Umm Salal Ali – 63 km away, Madinat ash Shamal – 143 km away, Al Khor – 93 km away, and Dukhan – 74.6 km away.[17] The eastern section is situated over a low, rocky promontory which is enclosed by sabkhas on the coast. The sabkha region is {{convert|40|km}} long and between {{convert|7|km}} and {{convert|10|km}} wide. The southern portion of Mesaieed is characterized by sand dunes.[18] To the northeast of the coast, where the residential section is located, there are sandy hillocks which lie 9 m above sea level.[19] Roughly 262 hectares of mangroves are found around Mesaieed's coastline.[20] The residual soils are overlain with aeolian deposits. It lies on limestone bedrock, which is found at depths 0.25 m to 8 m above sea level. The industrial area's strategic location and the high water table helps ensure that Mesaieed's groundwater remains unpolluted.[21] In a 2010 survey of Mesaieed's coastal waters conducted by the Qatar Statistics Authority, it was found that its maximum depth was {{convert|11|meters}} and minimum depth was {{convert|4|meters}}. Furthermore, the waters had an average pH of 7.87, a salinity of 52.47 psu, an average temperature of 22.91°C and 5.47 mg/L of dissolved oxygen.[22] ClimateAccording to the Qatar Meteorology Department, until February 2017, Mesaieed held the record for the lowest recorded temperature in Qatar, measuring in at 3.8 degrees celsius in January 1964. This record was broken when 1.5 degrees celsius was documented in Abu Samra in February 2017.[23] The following is climate data for Mesaieed obtained from the Qatar Statistics Authority. {{Weather box|location= Mesaieed|metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan high C= 20 |Feb high C= 22 |Mar high C = 25 |Apr high C = 30 |May high C = 36 |Jun high C = 38 |Jul high C = 38 |Aug high C = 37 |Sep high C = 34 |Oct high C = 32 |Nov high C = 27 |Dec high C = 20 |Jan low C = 11 |Feb low C = 12 |Mar low C = 15 |Apr low C = 18 |May low C = 23 |Jun low C = 25 |Jul low C = 26 |Aug low C = 27 |Sep low C = 24 |Oct low C = 21 |Nov low C = 17 |Dec low C = 11 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 10 |Feb precipitation mm = 2 |Mar precipitation mm = 2.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 6 |May precipitation mm = 1 |Jun precipitation mm = 0 |Jul precipitation mm = 0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0 |Sep precipitation mm = 0 |Oct precipitation mm = 0.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 13.5 |Dec precipitation mm = 24 |Jan humidity = 69 |Feb humidity = 66 |Mar humidity = 55 |Apr humidity = 51 |May humidity = 43 |Jun humidity = 41 |Jul humidity = 48 |Aug humidity = 62 |Sep humidity = 60 |Oct humidity = 64 |Nov humidity = 65 |Dec humidity = 70 |source 1 = Qatar Statistics Authority[24] }} Industrial area{{main article|Mesaieed Industrial Area}}Mesaieed is an industrial city and is managed by Mesaieed Industrial City, a subsidiary of Qatar Petroleum. All the industry concentrated in the city constitutes the core of Qatar's industry.[25] {{wide image|Qatar Petroleum office.jpg|500px|The industrial area accommodates the main plants of the following companies:[26] {{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
}} DevelopmentsAs part of the Qatari government's National Vision 2030, a $7.4 bn project was launched in 2010 to construct a major port strategically located near Mesaieed Industrial Area's port. The port, named Hamad Port, became operational in December 2016 and covers an area of {{convert|26|sqkm}}.[27][28][29] TourismTourism is confined to Mesaieed's desert areas, primarily to the immediate southeast of the city. Beach resorts on Mesaieed's coast are considered to be among the most important tourist areas in the country.[30] The main tourist resort is Sealine Beach Resort, which has a hotel, villas and water sports facilities.[31] The sand dunes on the eastern coast are known as 'singing sands' because of the sounds they produce.[32] In 2012, Barwa Group launched a construction project in the southern zone of Mesaieed to establish a large tourist resort over an area of {{convert|829|sqm}}.[33] Al Afjah Heritage Village is a cultural attraction located on the western boundaries of Mesaieed.[34] TelecommunicationsThe Mesaieed central switchboard was completed in 1978 with a capacity of 3,000 lines.[35] According to government statistics, the total number of telephones installed in 1980 was 405. Qatar National Telephone Services carried out substantial development on the telephone system the next year, resulting in a nearly two-fold increase to 808 telephones.[36] TransportThe first roads in Mesaieed were constructed in the late 1940s by Qatar Petroleum. They were paved in 1955. The roads fell into disrepair in the 1960s, and in 1968 the government assumed responsibility for developing the road system from Mesaieed to Al Wakrah. In 1977, a road system scheme was designed by William L. Perreira & Associates and work was commenced the same year by the Public Works Authority.[37] There is a cheap public bus service from Mesaieed to Al Ghanim Bus Station in Doha within every 30 minutes. Currently, the elevated Mesaieed Metro Station is under construction, having been launched during Phase 2B. Once completed, it will be part of Doha Metro's Red Line South.[38] InfrastructureMesaieed opened its first government health clinic in late 1975.[39] The Mesaieed Master Plan was devised in 2006 and its contents guide the city's development over a 25-year period from 2006 until 2030. It outlines the distribution of land for public and private infrastructure, such as power, petrochemical industries, non-petrochemical industries, residential units, green belts, shipping and waste disposal.[40] There are five banks active in Mesaieed: Qatar Islamic Bank (QIB), Doha Bank, Qatar National Bank (QNB), Commercial Bank Qatar (CBQ) and The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp (HSBC). HSBC is located inside a state-of-the-art post office (the second largest in Qatar). The QNB branch, established in 1974, was one of the bank's first branches inaugurated outside the confines of Doha.[41] Adjacent to the shopping centre is a large souq or market. There are all sorts of shops in it like textile shops, supermarkets, groceries, hair-cutting saloons, laundry shops, restaurants, cafés and ICT shops. SportsMesaieed Endurance Track, located in the desert, played host to the endurance riding competition in the 2006 Asian Games.[42] The track was also host to the 2013 CHI Al Shaqab endurance races.[43] There is a sports complex in Mesaieed which hosts national sports tournaments organized by Qatar Petroleum.[44] Mesaieed Hockey ClubThe MHC was established in Oct 2011 by players from various companies. Since then, the club has taken part in various tournaments organized by the Qatar Hockey Federation (QHF). The club joined the Qatar Hockey League in the 2013 season.[45] Al Banush ClubOwned by QAFCO, Al Banush Club is used primarily by high-ranking staff members of QAFCO. It is the most sizable club in Mesaieed and hosts many recreational facilities such as a main hall, a football ground, tennis and basketball courts, a swimming pool and restaurants.[46] The annual QAFCO flower and vegetable show is held on its football ground.[47] A cricket field is located near the club. QAPCO ClubIt is owned by QAPCO. Inaugurated in 2013, it is one of the largest clubs in the city. Its facilities include a football field, basketball, tennis, badminton and table tennis facilities, a swimming pool and a bowling arena.[48] QP Golf ClubQP Golf Club is owned by Qatar Petroleum and was founded in 1951.[52] It accommodates one of the only two golf courses in Qatar, and a swimming pool.[49] The golf course is the oldest in Qatar, dating back to at least 1955. It underwent expansion in 1959.[50] EducationThe following schools are located in Mesaieed:
DemographicsThe first time an official government census was conducted was in 1986.[53] According to population estimates, the population in 1953 was no more than 500. This increased to over 2,500 in 1960, after Qatar Petroleum had shifted their headquarters from Dukhan to Mesaieed. Thereafter, the company took initiatives to decrease the population of the city and industrial area, resulting in a population of around 2,000 in 1976.[54] In 1982, the population increased to approximately 5,800 people, of whom 4,900 were employed in industrial services.[55] Registered live birthsThe following table is a breakdown of registered live births by nationality and sex for Mesaieed. Places of birth are based on the home municipality of the mother at birth.[56][57]
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|last1=Schulte-Peever|first1=Andrea|last2=Shearer|first2=Iain|last3=Butler|first3=Stuart|last4=Walker|first4=Jenny|date=1 September 2013|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA279|publisher=Lonely Planet|page=279|isbn=1742200095|accessdate=3 August 2015}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/business/business-news/188087/barwa-to-build-sea-tourist-resort-in-mesaieed-industrial-city |title=Barwa to build sea tourist resort in Mesaieed Industrial City |publisher=The Peninsula Qatar |date=22 March 2012 |accessdate=2 August 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002303/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/business/business-news/188087/barwa-to-build-sea-tourist-resort-in-mesaieed-industrial-city |archivedate=4 September 2015 |df= }} 34. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.qp.com.qa/en/QPActivities/QPOperations/Pages/IndustrialCitiesDetails.aspx?IID=6|title=Mesaieed Industrial City|publisher=Qatar 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web|url=https://www.sec.gov.qa/En/ServicesCenter/Pages/schooldetails.aspx?SchoolID=146|title=Mesaieed International Private School|publisher=Supreme Education Council|accessdate=18 July 2015}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-03-16/news/mn-26589_1_official-census|title=Qatar's First Census|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=16 March 1986|accessdate=3 August 2015}} 54. ^{{cite book|last=Al-Kubaisi|first=Mohammed Ali M.|title=Industrial development in Qatar: a geographical assessment|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7144/1/7144_4326.PDF?UkUDh:CyT|publisher=Durham E-Theses, Durham University|year=1984|page=238}} 55. ^{{cite book|last=Al-Kubaisi|first=Mohammed Ali M.|title=Industrial development in Qatar: a geographical assessment|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7144/1/7144_4326.PDF?UkUDh:CyT|publisher=Durham E-Theses, Durham University|year=1984|page=239}} 56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.qix.gov.qa/portal/page/portal/qix/subject_area?subject_area=176 |title=Population statistics |publisher=Qatar Information Exchange |accessdate=15 June 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701123930/http://www.qix.gov.qa/portal/page/portal/qix/subject_area?subject_area=176 |archivedate=1 July 2015 |df= }} 57. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.qsa.gov.qa |title=Qatar Statistics Authority website |publisher=Qatar Statistics Authority |date= |accessdate=28 June 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821114004/http://www.qsa.gov.qa/ |archivedate=21 August 2008 |df= }} External links
3 : Cities in Qatar|Populated places in Al Wakrah|Populated coastal places in Qatar |
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开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。