| 词条 | Mexican cottontail |
| 释义 |
| name = Mexican cottontail | image = | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Sylvilagus cunicularius | authority = (Waterhouse, 1848) | synonyms_ref = [2] | synonyms = Lepus cunicularius Waterhouse, 1848[3] Lepus vera-crucis Thomas, 1890[4] Lepus insolitus Allen, 1890 | range_map = Mexican Cottontail area.png | range_map_caption = Mexican cottontail range }} The Mexican cottontail (Sylvilagus cunicularius) is a species of cottontail rabbit in the family Leporidae.[2] It is endemic to Mexico where its natural habitats are temperate forests, subtropical or tropical dry forests and pastureland. TaxonomyThe Mexican cottontail was first described by the English naturalist George Robert Waterhouse in 1848 as part of his work in classifying specimens in the collection of the museum of the Zoological Society of London.[3] Three subspecies are recognized: Sylvilagus cunicularius cunicularius, S. c. insolitus, and S. c. pacificus.[1] DescriptionThe Mexican cottontail is one of the largest members of its genus at {{convert|1800|to|2300|g}},[9] and is the largest Mexican rabbit.[10] It has coarse reddish-brown or greyish-brown fur and white underparts.[4] In maturity, the pelage becomes a paler, yellowish-gray color. External body measurements include a body length of {{convert|485|–|515|mm|in|abbr=on}}, a tail length of {{convert|54|–|68|mm|in|abbr=on}}, hind foot length of {{convert|108|–|111|mm|in|abbr=on}}, and an ear length of {{convert|60|–|63|mm|in|abbr=on}}. Populations from the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca tend to be slightly larger than those in other parts of the range.[2] BehaviorThe Mexican cottontail's breeding season occurs throughout the year, but especially during the warm and wet summer months (March to October).[10] Mothers dig a nursery burrow to contain a nest before they give birth. The burrows are short, shallow tunnels averaging {{convert|23|cm|in|abbr=on}} long that end in a chamber about {{convert|17|cm|in|abbr=on}} below the surface. Nests are constructed of several materials including dry grasses, pine needles, and bits of woody plants. Oat straw and alfalfa hay are used in the nest as additional food sources. Nursing occurs at the burrow entrance until the young are about 12 days old; after the offspring are weaned, the mother closes the burrow entrance. The burrowing behavior of the Mexican cottontail more closely resembles that of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) than other cottontail rabbits.[14] Ecology, distribution and habitatThe Mexican cottontail is found only in Mexico where its range extends from the state of Sinaloa to the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz, including the mountainous regions of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It ranges from sea level up to about 4,300 meters (14,000 feet). It occupies a wide range of habitats including tropical, temperate and dry deciduous forest, dense shrubland, grassland and cultivated or otherwise disturbed land.[1] In central Mexico it is quite common in pine and pine/oak forests with a ground cover of tussocky grasses such as Agrostis, Festuca and Muhlenbergia.[4] Predators of the Mexican cottontail include red foxes, coyotes, the long-tailed weasel, feral dogs, the great horned owl, and the red-tailed hawk.[17] StatusThe Mexican cottontail is common over its range and is classified by the IUCN in its Red List of Threatened Species as being of least concern. It is present in the La Malinche National Park at densities of about 27 individuals per square kilometer. Despite this, its numbers may be dwindling in areas where it is hunted and in others where its habitat is being degraded and overgrazing is taking place.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal | vauthors = ((Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA))), Romero Malpica FJ, Rangel Cordero H | last-author-amp = yes | title = Sylvilagus cunicularius | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2008 | page = e.T21211A9257640 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2008 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21211/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T21211A9257640.en | access-date = 24 December 2017}} [5][6][7][8][9][10]2. ^{{MSW3 Lagomorpha | id = 13500326 | page = 209}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Woodward, BB|title=Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Volume 59|chapter=Waterhouse, George Robert |year=1899| url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Waterhouse,_George_Robert_%28DNB00%29}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Rabbits, Hares and Pikas: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |editor-last=Chapman |editor-first=Joseph A. |editor-last2=Flux |editor-first2=John E. C. |year=1990 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=9782831700199 |pages=95, 101 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q994k86i0zYC&pg=PA95}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite journal |vauthors=Cervantes FA, Lorenzo C, Vargas J, Holmes T |title=Sylvilagus cunicularis |journal=Mammalian Species |year=1992 |issue=412 |pages=1–4 |jstor=3504074 | doi = 10.2307/3504074 }} 6. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=González CL, Vázquez J, Martínez-Gómez M |title=Demography, density, and survival of an endemic and near threatened cottontail Sylvilagus cunicularius in central Mexico |journal=Acta Therologica |year=2007 |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=299–305}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite journal |vauthors=Vasquez J, Chacon AJ, Hudson R, Rogriquez-Martinez L, Martinez-Gomez M |title=Seasonal reproduction in Mexican cottontail rabbits Sylvilagus cunicularius in La Malinche National Park, central Mexico |journal=Acta Theriologica |year=2007 |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=361–9 |doi=10.1007/BF03194234}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Rodríguez-Martínez L, Hudson R, Martínez-Gómez M, Bautista A |title=Description of the nursery burrow of the Mexican cottontail rabbit Sylvilagus cunicularius under seminatural conditions |journal=Acta Therologica |date=January 2013 |doi=10.1007/s13364-012-0125-6 |volume=59 |pages=193–201}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Thomas O |title=On a collection of mammals from Central Vera Cruz, México |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |year=1890 |pages=71–6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7PIKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA71}} 10. ^1 {{cite book |author=Waterhouse GR |title=A Natural History of the Mammalia |publisher=Hippolyte Bailliere |location=London, UK |volume=2 (Rodentia) |url=https://archive.org/stream/anaturalhistory01wategoog#page/n4/mode/2up}} }}{{Portal|Rabbits and hares|Mammals}}{{Lagomorpha|L.}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1575984}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cottontail, Mexican}} 6 : Sylvilagus|Endemic fauna of Mexico|Mammals of Mexico|Least concern biota of Mexico|Mammals described in 1848|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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