| 词条 | Mezoneuron kauaiense |
| 释义 |
|image = |status = CR |status_system = IUCN3.1 |status_ref = [1] |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Fabales |familia = Fabaceae |genus = Mezoneuron |species = M. kavaiensis |binomial = Mezoneuron kavaiense |binomial_authority = (H.Mann) Hillebr. |synonyms =
| synonyms_ref = [2] }} Mezoneuron kavaiense is a rare species of flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. Common names include Uhiuhi (the Big Island and Kaua{{okina}}i), Kāwa{{okina}}u (Maui), and Kea (Maui).[3][4] It is threatened by invasive species, particularly feral ungulates. DescriptionM. kavaiense is a shrub or small tree[5] that reaches a height of {{convert|4|-|10|m|ft|abbr=on}}.[4] The bark is dark grey and made up of rectangular or oblong platelets. The pinnate leaves are composed of 4 to 8 leaflets, each around {{convert|3|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length. The bisexual flowers have pink to rose sepals and red anthers. They form on pink to red terminal racemes[7] {{convert|4|-|7|in|cm|abbr=on}} in length.[5] The flat, thin seed pods are {{convert|8|cm|in|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|5|cm|in|abbr=on}} wide,[7] and contain 2 to 4 oval-shaped seeds. Blooming takes place from December to March.[5]HabitatUhiuhi inhabits dry, coastal mesic, and mixed mesic forests at elevations of {{convert|80|-|920|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Associated plants include lama (Diospyros sandwicensis), {{okina}}a{{okina}}ali{{okina}}i (Dodonaea viscosa), and alahe{{okina}}e (Psydrax odorata). Populations formerly existed on Kaua{{okina}}i (Waimea Canyon), West Maui, Lāna{{okina}}i, the Big Island (North Kona District), and O{{okina}}ahu (Wai{{okina}}anae Range), but are only found in the latter two today.[6]UsesThe wood of M. kavaiense is very dense[7] and hard, nearly black, and close-grained. Native Hawaiians used it to make {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō (digging sticks), ihe (spears), la{{okina}}au melomelo (fishing lures), pou (house posts), runners for papa hōlua (sleds), pāhoa (daggers), la{{okina}}au palau (clubs),[3] and la{{okina}}au kahi wauke (Broussonetia papyrifera scraping boards).[4] The rose-colored flowers are collected to make lei.[8] A blood purifier was made from the young leaves, leaf buds, and bark of uhiuhi mashed together with the inner bark of hāpu{{okina}}u (Cibotium spp.), {{okina}}okolehao, {{okina}}ulu (Artocarpus altilis) bark, {{okina}}uhaloa (Waltheria indica) taproots, and ko kea (Saccharum officinarum).[4] ConservationThe plant is very rare today, with fewer than 100 individuals remaining in the wild,[9] with some estimates at fewer than 50 plants.[6][10] It does not reproduce very successfully, having a low level of recruitment.[9] The plant's habitat has been degraded or destroyed by development, agriculture, and fire, and invaded by exotic species of plants and animals.[9] The invasive fountaingrass (Pennisetum setaceum) is particularly harmful to the habitat, covering whole fields and increasing the danger of fire.[10] The seeds are eaten by rats, and cattle and goats graze in the area.[9] An insect, the black coffee twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus), damages the seedlings and saplings.[10] Since the wood is so highly sought after, the trees are still in danger of being harvested.[10] The population on the Big Island grows on the side of Hualālai, a dormant volcano, and so is technically in danger of being extirpated in the event of an eruption.[10] The plant was federally listed as an endangered species of the United States in 1986.[10] References{{Wikispecies}}1. ^Bruegmann, M.M. & Caraway, V. 2003. Caesalpinia kavaiensis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627000000/http://www.iucnredlist.org/ |date=June 27, 2014 }}. Downloaded on 19 July 2007. {{Commons category|position=left|Mezonevron kavaiense}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1245419}}2. ^{{GRIN | accessdate=2009-10-24}} 3. ^1 {{cite paper |url=http://www.hear.org/naturalareas/auwahi/ethnobotany_of_auwahi.pdf |format=PDF |title=Auwahi: Ethnobotany of a Hawaiian Dryland Forest |first=A. C. |last=Medeiros |author2=C.F. Davenport |author3=C.G. Chimera |publisher=Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa |year=1998 |pages=41–42}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultsdetailed.asp?search=uhiuhi |title=uhiuhi, kawau (Maui), kea (Maui) |publisher=Bernice P. Bishop Museum |work=Hawaii Ethnobotany Online Database |accessdate=2009-10-25}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www2.hawaii.edu/~eherring/hawnprop/cae-kava.htm |title=Caesalpinia kavaiensis |work=Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa |accessdate=2009-10-25}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/collection/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=8653 |title= Caesalpinia kavaiensis |work=CPC National Collection Plant Profiles |publisher=Center for Plant Conservation |date=2008-07-22 |accessdate=2009-11-13}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dofaw/cwcs/files/Flora%20fact%20sheets/Cae_kav%20plant%20NTBG_OK.pdf |format=PDF |title=Uhiuhi |publisher=State of Hawaiʻi |accessdate=2009-10-24}} 8. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WA246oBPf7UC |first=Marie A. |last=McDonald |author2=Paul R. Weissich |title=Nā Lei Makamae: the Treasured Lei |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |year=2003 |isbn= 978-0-8248-2649-9 |page=145}} 9. ^1 2 3 The Nature Conservancy 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 USFWS. Determination of endangered status for Uhiuhi. Federal Register July 8, 1986. 7 : Caesalpinieae|Endemic flora of Hawaii|Biota of Hawaii (island)|Biota of Oahu|Trees of Hawaii|Plants described in 1867|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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