| 词条 | Demographics of Belarus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|country=Belarus |image=Belarus-demography.png |caption= |size_of_population=9,491,800 |birth= |death= |fertility= |infant_mortality= |life= |life_male= |life_female= |average Childbearing age = |age_0-14_years=15.4% (male 759,285/female 717,118) |age_15-64_years=70.4% (male 3,279,965/female 3,487,819) |age_65_years=14.2% (male 430,225/female 933,646) (2014 est.) |total_mf_ratio=0.87 male(s)/female (2014 est.) |sr_at_birth=1.06 male(s)/female |sr_under_15=1.06 male(s)/female |sr_15-64_years=0.94 male(s)/female |sr_65_years_over=0.46 male(s)/female |net_migration= |nation=noun: Belarussian(s) adjective: Belarussian |major_ethnic= Belaussians |minor_ethnic= |official= |spoken=Belaussian, Russian }}{{Historical populations |type = |footnote = Source: [1] |1897 | 6673000 |1914 | 6899100 |1926 | 4983240 |1939 | 5568994 |1951 | 7781100 |1959 | 8055700 |1970 | 8992200 |1979 | 9532500 |1989 | 10151800 |1999 | 10045200 |2009 | 9503800 |2017 | 9505000 }} The demographics of Belarus is about the demographic features of the population of Belarus, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. The ethnic majority in Belarus are called Belarusians. Demographic trendsThe population of Belarus suffered a dramatic decline during World War II, dropping from more than 9 million in 1940 to 7.7 million in 1951. It then resumed its long-term growth, rising to 10 million in 1999.[2] After that the population began a steady decline, dropping to 9.7 million in 2006–2007.[2] Originally a highly agrarian country with nearly 80% of its population in rural areas, Belarus has been undergoing a process of continuous urbanization. The share of its rural population decreased from 70% in 1959 to less than 30% in the 2000s.[3] Population9,491,800 (January 2018 est.)[4] country comparison to the world:'’ 92 [5] Age structure0–14 years: 15.4% (male 759,285/female 717,118) 15–24 years: 11.7% (male 575,907/female 544,170) 25–54 years: 45.5% (male 2,141,419/female 2,227,433) 55–64 years: 13.3% (male 562,639/female 716,216) 65 years and over: 14.2% (male 430,225/female 933,646) (2014 est.) Median ageTotal: 39.4 years Male: 36.3 years Female: 42.4 years (2014 est.) Sex ratioAt birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0–14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15–24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 25–54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 55–64 years: 0.87 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.46 male(s)/female Total population: 0.87 male(s)/female (2014 est.)
Vital statisticsBelarusian provinces of the Russian EmpireThe figures below refer to the five governorates of the Russian Empire (Grodno, Vitebsk, Minsk, Mogilev, Vilna) with a Belarusian majority.[7]
After WW II [8][9]
Infant mortality rateTotal: 4.0 {{DecreasePositive}} deaths/1,000 live births for 429 death. (2010) Total: 3.9 {{DecreasePositive}} deaths/1,000 live births for 422 death. (2011) Total: 3.4 {{DecreasePositive}} deaths/1,000 live births for 386 death. (2012) Total: 3.5 {{IncreaseNegative}} deaths/1,000 live births for 407 death. (2013) Total: 3.5 {{steady}} deaths/1,000 live births for 415 death. (2014) Total: 3.5 {{DecreasePositive}} deaths/1,000 live births for 321 death. (January–September 2014) Total: 3.2 {{IncreaseNegative}} deaths/1,000 live births for 283 death. (January–September 2015) Total fertility rate (TFR) in Belarus by region and year
Life expectancy at birthTotal population: 72.15 years country comparison to the world: 138 Male: 66.53 years Female: 78.1 years (2014 est.)
Demographic situation in 2015
Natural increase currentSince the beginning of the year 2016 population of Belarus increased by 6 799 people during the period January–September. In January–September 2018, 71,388 babies were born in the country, which is 6,353 babies less than in January–September 2017[13] -Number of births from January–September 2017 = {{decrease}} 77,741-Number of births from January–September 2018 = {{decrease}} 71,388The number of deaths during the same period was up by 580. -Number of deaths from January–September 2017 = {{DecreasePositive}} 89,320-Number of deaths from January–September 2018 = {{IncreaseNegative}} 89,900Total natural increase during January–September 2017 and January–September 2018. Natural increase between January–September 2017 = {{decrease}} -11,579 Natural increase between January–September 2018 = {{decrease}} -18,512
Ethnic groupsBelarusians 83.7%, Russians 8.3%, Poles 3.1%, Ukrainians 1.7%, Jews 0.1%, Armenians 0.1%, Lipka Tatars 0.1%, Ruska Roma 0.1%, Lithuanians 0.1%, Azerbaijanis 0.1%, others 2.8% (2009 census). Prior to the Second World WarPrior to World War II, Jews were the second largest ethnic group in Belarus, and at 400,000 in the 1926 and 1939 censuses they even exceeded the number of Russians (although admittedly by a small margin).[14] Jews accounted for 7%–8% of the total population at that time, comprising more than 40% of the population in cities and towns, where Jews and Poles were the majority, while Belarusians mostly lived in rural areas. The Poles were the fourth largest ethnic group in Belarussian SSR (current Eastern portion of Belarus), before World War II, comprising 1–2% of the population in the pre-war censuses (less than 100,000).[14]
After the Second World WarThe Holocaust decimated the Jewish population in Belarus, and after World War II, in 1959, Jews accounted for only 1.9% of the population. Since then, Jewish emigration to Israel and other countries reduced the number of Jews to 0.1% of the population (13,000 in 2009). After the war, a large number of Poles were forced to move to Poland. In exchange, Belarusians from the former Belastok Voblast, which was returned to Poland in 1945, after being occupied in 1939 were displaced to Belarus. Due to changes in the western border of Belarus and Poland after World War II (see territorial changes of Poland), the number of Poles in Belarus increased to more than 500,000 according to the first post-war census (1959) and to about 400,000 according to the 1999 census. Poles are now the third largest ethnic group in Belarus (see Polish minority in Belarus). There are around 15,000 of Lipka Tatars and about 10,000 of Ruska Roma (Russian Gypsies). In the post-war period Belarus experienced an influx of workers from other parts of the Soviet Union, for example Russians and Ukrainians. The decade after independence saw a decline in the population of most of these minority groups, either by assimilation or emigration. The most significant exception to this trend has been a continued (if small-scale) net immigration of Armenians and Azeris, whose numbers increased from less than 2,000 in 1959 to around 10,000 in 1999.[15]
Languages{{main|Languages of Belarus}}Belarusian and Russian are the official languages according to the Constitution of Belarus (Article 17). The constitution guarantees preservation of the cultural heritage of all ethnic minorities, including their languages (Article 15). Russian, and not Belarusian, is the dominant language in Belarus, spoken normally at home by 70% of the population (2009 census), and major cities such as Minsk and Brest are overwhelmingly Russian-speaking.
Religion{{Main|Religion in Belarus}}According to 1997 estimates, 80% of the religious population belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Church and the others are mainly Roman Catholic, Greek Catholic, Protestants, Muslims, and Jews.[16] UrbanizationUrban population: 75% of total population (2011) Rate of urbanization: 0.21% annual rate of change (2010–15 est.) See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=BELARUS: historical demographical data of the whole country|url=http://www.populstat.info/Europe/belarusc.htm|website=Populstat|accessdate=6 July 2017}} 2. ^Population estimates 1995–2007 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203155701/http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/indicators/population.php |date=2008-12-03 }}, BelStat 3. ^Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Belarus 2007, BelStat, Minsk, 2007 4. ^{{Cite web |title= Population on January 1, 2018 by regions of the Republic of Belarus|url=http://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/ssrd-mvf_2/natsionalnaya-stranitsa-svodnyh-dannyh/naselenie_6/chislennost-naseleniya1_yan_poobl |date=2018 |publisher = Белстат |accessdate= |language=ru-RU}} 5. ^{{Cite web |title= Belarus ranks 6th in population the CIS countries|url=https://www.belta.by/society/view/belarus-zanimaet-6-e-mesto-po-chislennosti-naselenija-sredi-stran-sng-309467-2018 |date=2018-07-06 |publisher = БЕЛТА |accessdate= |language=ru-RU}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/belarus-division.htm|title=Division of Belarus|website=pop-stat.mashke.org}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://istmat.info/node/21366|title=Статистический ежегодник Российской Империи (Издание ЦСК ) - Проект «Исторические Материалы»|website=istmat.info}} 8. ^ United Nations. Demographic Yearbooks 9. ^ National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus 10. ^ 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://demdata.belstat.gov.by/Search.html|title=Demographic Data|last=|first=|date=2016|website=demdata.belstat.gov.by|access-date=2018-06-23}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://euroradio.fm/ru/dribin-bragin-i-chechersk-obstavili-minsk-po-rozhdaemosti|title=Дрибин, Брагин и Чечерск обставили Минск по рождаемости|publisher=Euroradio|language=ru|trans-title=Drybin, Brahin and Chachersk overpassed Minsk in birth rate}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=Statistical review of Belarus in January – June, 2018 |url=http://www.belstat.gov.by/en/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/statistical-publications-data-books-bulletins/public_bulletin/index_10716/ |website=National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus |accessdate=21 August 2018}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/pril.php#1926|title=Приложение Демоскопа Weekly|website=demoscope.ru}} 15. ^1 Ethnic composition of the population {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207000000/http://belstat.gov.by/homep/ru/perepic/p5.php |date=February 7, 2009 }}, 1999 Belarus Census. 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov}} External links
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