| 词条 | Demographics of Ethiopia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|country = Ethiopia |image |caption = |size_of_population = 100,613,986 (2017 est.)(14th)[1] |Density = 78.4 people per.sq.km (2013 est.) |growth = 2.9% (2013 est.) (12th) |birth = 33.5 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)[2] |death = 7.8 deaths/1,000 population (2012 est.) |life = 60 years (2013 est.) |life_male = 57.73 years (2013 est.) |life_female = 62.35 years (2013 est.) |infant_mortality = 68 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) |fertility = 4.6 children born/woman (2012 est.) |Average âge = 25.1 (2014 est.) |sr_total_mf_ratio = 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.) |sr_at_birth = 1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.) |sr_under_15 = 1.00 male(s)/female (2009 est.) |sr_15-64_years = 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.) |sr_65_years_over = 0.95 male(s)/female (2009 est.) |major_ethnic = See Ethnic Groups of Ethiopia |official = See Languages of Ethiopia }} The demographics of Ethiopia encompass the demographic features of Ethiopia's inhabitants, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Ethnic groups{{main article|List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia}}{{bar box|title=Ethnic groups in Ethiopia (2007 estimates)[3] |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Ethnic group |right1=percent |float=right |bars={{bar percent|Oromo|black|34.4}}{{bar percent|Amhara|blue|16}}{{bar percent|Gurage|orange|6.9}}{{bar percent|Somali|red|6.2}}{{bar percent|Tigray|pink|6.1}} bar percent|Sidama|cyan|4}} {{bar percent|Welayta|green|2.3}}{{bar percent|Hadiya|grey|1.7}}{{bar percent|Afar|brown|1.7}}{{bar percent|Gamo|silver|1.5}}{{bar percent|Gedeo|gold|1.3}}{{bar percent|Silte|yellow|1.3}}{{bar percent|Kefficho|darkblue|1.2}}{{bar percent|others|darkgreen|8.8}}}} The country's population is highly diverse, comprising over 80 different ethnic groups. Most people in Ethiopia speak Afroasiatic languages, mainly of the Semitic or Cushitic branches. Among these are the Oromo, Amhara, Somali and Tigrayans, who together constitute around three-quarters of the population. Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities also inhabit the southern regions of the country, particularly in areas bordering South Sudan. Among these are the Mursi and Anuak. Languages{{main article|Languages of Ethiopia}}Ethiopia, like most countries in Africa, is a multi-ethnic state. Although the original physical differences between the major ethnic groups have been blurred by centuries, if not millennia, of intermarriage, there remain many who are distinct and unique. Ethnic differences may also be observed from the great variety of languages spoken in the country, of which there are an astonishing eighty-three, with 200 dialects. These can be broken into four main groups: Semitic, Cushitic, Omotic, and Nilo-Saharan. The Semitic languages of Ethiopia are related to both Hebrew and Arabic. The Ethiopian languages of this family are derived from Ge'ez, the language of the ancient Axumite kingdom, which was also the language of the country's literature prior to the mid-nineteenth century, as well as parts of most present-day church services. Ethiopia's Semitic languages are today spoken mainly in the north and centre of the country. The most important of them in the north is Tigrinya, which is used throughout Tigray. The principal Semitic language of the north-western and centre of the country is Amharic, which is the language of Gondar and Gojjam, as well as much of Wollo and Shewa. Moreover, Amharic is also the official language of administration, and the language of much modern Ethiopian literature. Two other Semitic languages are spoken to the south and east of Addis Ababa: Guraginya, used by the Gurage in a cluster of areas to the south of the capital, and Adarinya, a tongue current only within the old walled city of Harar and used by the Adare, also known as Harrari, people. The Cushitic languages, which are less closely related than the Semitic, are found mainly in the south of the country. The most important tongue in this group is Afan Oromo. It is used in a wide stretch of country, including Welega and parts of Ilubabor in the west, Wollo in the north, Shewa and Arsi in the centre, Bale and Sidamo in the south, and Harerge in the east. Other Cushitic language in the area comprise Somalinya, which is spoken by the Somali in the Ogaden to the east, as well as in the neighboring Somali Republic and part of Djibouti, and the Sidaminya language, used in part of the Sidama region. Cushitic languages, however, are also used in the north of the country, namely Afarinya, spoken by the Afar of eastern Wollo and the northern half of the Djibouti Republic; Saho, in parts of Tigray; and Agawinya, in small pockets in different parts of western Ethiopia. The Omotic group of languages, which comprise considerably fewer speakers than either the Semitic or the Cushitic, are spoken the south-west of the country, mainly in Gamo Gofa. They have been given the name in recent years because they are spoken in the general area of the Omo River. The Nilo-Saharan languages, largely peripheral to Ethiopian civilization, are spoken in a wide arc of the country towards the Sudan frontier. They include, from north to south, Gumuz in Gondar and Gojjam, Berta in Welega, and Anuak in Ilubabor Religion{{main article|Religion in Ethiopia}}Various religions are adhered to in Ethiopia. Most Christians live in the highlands, whereas Muslims mainly inhabit the lowlands. Adherents of traditional faiths are primarily concentrated in the southern regions. According to the Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (2010 census), the national religious composition is Ethiopian Orthodox 31.7% Protestantism 14.5%, Roman Catholicism 0.7%, Islam 49.9%, traditional 2.6%, and others 0.6%.[4] Population{{Historical populations|title = Historical population |align = left |shading = off |percentages = pagr |2011 |85555555 |2012 |84320987 |2013 |86613986 }}{{Clear}} Source: Central Statistical Agency (CSA)[5] UN estimatesAccording to {{UN_Population|source}}, the total population was {{UN_Population|Ethiopia}} in {{UN_Population|Year}}, compared to 18,434,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.5%, 55.8% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older.The average age is 25.1. [6]
UN projectionsBelow are the UN's medium variant projections; numbers are in thousands:[6]
Vital statisticsRegistration of vital events in Ethiopia is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates: [6]
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1,000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1,000); NC = natural change (per 1,000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1,000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) Births and deaths[7]
Life expectancy
Source: UN World Population Prospects[8] Total Fertility rate in Ethiopia (Census 2007)As per 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia [9]
Fertility and Births (Demographic and Health Surveys)Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[10]
Fertility data as of 2011 (DHS Program):[11]
Other demographic statisticsDemographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[12]
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[13] Population108,386,391 (July 2018 est.) Age structure0-14 years: 43.21% (male 23,494,593 /female 23,336,508) 15-24 years: 20.18% (male 10,857,968 /female 11,011,100) 25-54 years: 29.73% (male 15,978,384 /female 16,247,086) 55-64 years: 3.92% (male 2,059,129 /female 2,185,814) 65 years and over: 2.97% (male 1,445,547 /female 1,770,262) (2018 est.) 0-14 years: 43.94% (male 21,900,571/female 21,809,643) 15-24 years: 19.98% (male 9,865,976/female 10,009,596) 25-54 years: 29.31% (male 14,487,280/female 14,667,179) 55-64 years: 3.88% (male 1,882,315/female 1,981,762) 65 years and over: 2.88% (male 1,289,336/female 1,572,161) (2015 est.) Median agetotal: 18 years. Country comparison to the world: 213rd male: 17.8 years female: 18.2 years (2018 est.) total: 17.7 years male: 17.5 years female: 17.8 years (2015 est.) Population growth rate2.83% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 11st 2.89% (2015 est.) Birth rate36 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 17th 37.27 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) Death rate7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 110th 8.19 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) Total fertility rate4.91 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 15th 5.15 children born/woman (2015 est.) Net migration rate-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 107th Mother's mean age at first birth20 years (2016 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 Contraceptive prevalence rate36.5% (2017) Urbanizationurban population: 20.8% of total population (2018) rate of urbanization: 4.63% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) urban population: 19.5% of total population (2015) rate of urbanization: 4.89% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) ReligionsEthiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.5%, traditional 2.7%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.6% (2007 est.) Dependency ratiostotal dependency ratio: 82.1 (2015 est.) youth dependency ratio: 75.8 (2015 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 6.3 (2015 est.) potential support ratio: 15.8 (2015 est.) Sex ratioat birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.) Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 63 years male: 60.5 years female: 65.5 years (2018 est.) total population: 61.48 years male: 59.11 years female: 63.93 years (2015 est.) HIV/AIDSadult prevalence rate: 1.15% people living with HIV/AIDS: 730,300 deaths: 23,400 (2014 est.) Literacydefinition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 49.1% male: 57.2% female: 41.1% (2015 est.) School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)total: 8 years (2012) male: 9 years (2012) female: 8 years (2012) Unemployment, youth ages 15-24total: 25.2% (2016 est.) Country comparison to the world: 46th male: 17.1% (2016 est.) female: 30.9% (2016 est.) See also{{Commons category|Demographics of Ethiopia}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211418/http://www.csa.gov.et/images/documents/pdf_files/nationalstatisticsabstract/2012/2012+POPULATION.pdf|title=Wayback Machine|date=23 September 2015|website=Web.archive.org|accessdate=7 November 2017}} {{CIA World Factbook|year=2006}}{{Ethnic groups in Ethiopia}}{{Ethiopia topics}}{{Human rights in Ethiopia}}{{Africa in topic|Demographics of}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ethiopia_statistics.html|title=Statistics|website=Unicef.org|accessdate=27 August 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html|title=Africa - Ethiopia|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|accessdate=5 September 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.csa.gov.et/pdf/Cen2007_firstdraft.pdf|title=Wayback Machine|date=14 February 2012|website=Web.archive.org|accessdate=27 August 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214000000/http://www.csa.gov.et/pdf/Cen2007_firstdraft.pdf|archivedate=14 February 2012|df=}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/2013-02-20-13-43-35/national-statistics-abstract/141-population |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-04-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505015335/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/2013-02-20-13-43-35/national-statistics-abstract/141-population |archivedate=2013-05-05 |df= }} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm|title=Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision|website=Esa.un.org|accessdate=2017-08-27}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/serATab3.pdf|format=PDF|title=3. Live births, deaths, and infant deaths, latest available year (2002 - 2016)|website=Unstats.un.org|accessdate=2017-08-27}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|deadurl=|format=|accessdate=2017-07-15|archiveurl=|archivedate=|last=|date=|year=|month=|day=|language=|pages=|quote=}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Country Level|url=http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=264&format=raw&Itemid=521|work=2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia|publisher=CSA|date= 13 July 2010|accessdate=18 January 2013}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=5&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=|title=MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys|website=Microdata.worldbank.org|accessdate=2017-08-27}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR255/FR255.pdf|format=PDF|title=Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011|website=Dhsprogram.com|accessdate=2017-08-27}} 12. ^{{cite|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html|title=Ethiopia Population 2019|website=World Population Review}} 13. ^{{cite|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html|title= The World FactBook - Ethiopia|date=July 12, 2018|work=The World Factbook}}{{PD-notice}} 1 : Demographics of Ethiopia |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。