| 词条 | Demographics of Jordan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| country = Jordan | image = | caption = Population of Jordan (1952 - 2008) | size_of_population = 9,531,712 (92th) | density = | growth = 2.05% (2017 est.) | birth = 23.9 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) | death = 3.4 deaths/1,000 population | life = 74.8 years (2017 est.) | life_male = 73.4 years | life_female = 76.3 years | fertility = 3.19 children born/woman (2017 est.) | age_0-14_years = 34.68% | age_15-64_years = 61.87% | age_65_years = 3.45% | total_mf_ratio = 1.02 male(s)/female (2016 est.) | sr_at_birth = 1.06 male(s)/female | sr_under_15 = 1.05 male(s)/female | sr_15-64_years = 1.00 male(s)/female | sr_65_years_over = 0.89 male(s)/female | nation = Jordanians | major_ethnic = Arab | minor_ethnic = Armenians, Circassians | official = Arabic | spoken = English }}Jordanians (Arabic: أردنيون), also known as the Jordanian people (Arabic: الشعب الأردني ALA-LC: al-sha‘ab al-ūrdunī) are the citizens of Jordan, who share a common Levantine Semitic ancestry. Some 98% percent of Jordanians are Arabs, while the remaining 2% are other ethnic minorities.[1] Jordan has a population of approximately 9,531,712 inhabitants (Female: 47%; Males: 53%) as of 2015. Around 2.9 million were non-citizens, a figure including refugees, legal and illegal immigrants.[2] Jordan's annual population growth rate stood at 2.05% in 2017, with an average of three children per woman. There were 1,977,534 households in Jordan in 2015, with an average of 4.8 persons per household.[2] The official language is Arabic, while English is the second most widely spoken language by Jordanians. It is also widely used in commerce and government. In 2016, about 84% of Jordan's population live in urban towns and cities.[1] Many Jordanians and people of Jordanian descent live across the world, mainly in the United States, United Arab Emirates, Canada, France, Sweden and Spain. In 2016, Jordan was named as the largest refugee hosting country per capita in the world, followed by Turkey, Pakistan and Lebanon.[3] The kingdom of Jordan hosts refugees mainly from Palestine, Syria, Iraq and many other countries. There are also hundreds of thousands of workers from Egypt, Indonesia and South Asia, who work as domestic and construction workers. DefinitionThe territory of Jordan can be defined by the history of its creation after the end of World War I, the League of Nations and redrawing of the borders of the Eastern Mediterranean littoral. The ensuing decisions, most notably the Sykes–Picot Agreement, which created the Mandatory Palestine. In September 1922, Transjordan was formally identified as a subdivision of the Mandate Palestine after the League of Nations approved the British Transjordan memorandum which stated that the Mandate east of the Jordan River would be excluded from all the provisions dealing with Jewish settlement west of the Jordan River.[4] Ethnic and religious groups{{bar box|title=Ethnic groups in Jordan[5] |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Ethnic groups |float=right |bars={{bar percent|Arabs|red|98}}{{bar percent|Circassian|blue|1}}{{bar percent|Armenian|yellow|1}} }} ArabArab Jordanians are descended from prominent families in the historical cities and towns in Transjordan. Most notably in the governorates of Jerash, Ajlun, Balqa, Irbid, Madaba, Al Karak, Aqaba, Amman and some other towns in the country. Most of the native Christian population in the country belongs to this ethnicity or to the Bedouin ethnicity. DruzeThe Druze people are believed to constitute about 0.5% of the total population of Jordan, which is around 32,000.[6] The Druze, who refer to themselves as al-Muwahhideen, or "believers in one God," are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas west and north of Amman. BedouinThe other group of Jordanians is descended from Bedouins (of which, less than 1% live a nomadic lifestyle). Bedouin settlements are concentrated in the wasteland south and east of the country. Armenians{{Main|Armenians in Jordan}}There were an estimated 5,000 Armenians living within the country in 2009.[7] An estimated 4,500 of these are members of the Armenian Apostolic Church,[7] and predominantly speak the Western dialect[8] of the Armenian language. This population makes up the majority of non-Arab Christians in the country.[9] Assyrians{{Main|Assyrians in Jordan}}There is an Assyrian refugee population in Jordan. Many Assyrians have arrived in Jordan as refugees since the invasion of Iraq, making up a large part of the Iraqi refugees. CircassiansBy the end of the 19th century, the Ottoman Authorities directed the Circassian immigrants to settle in Jordan. The Circassians are Sunni Muslims and are estimated to number 20,000 to 80,000 persons. ChechensThere are about 10,000 Chechens estimated to reside in Jordan. Refugees{{Further||Iraqis in Jordan|Syrians in Jordan|Palestinians in Jordan}}Jordan is a home to more than 2 million Palestinians refugees by 2015 who came after the 1948 and 1967 wars, and most of them, but not all, were granted Jordanian citizenship.[10] Jordan also hosts around 1.4 million Syrian refugees who fled to the country due to the Syrian Civil War since 2011. About 31,163 Yemenis and 22,700 Libyan refugees live in Jordan as of January 2015.[2] There are thousands of Lebanese refugees who came to Jordan when civil strife and war and the 2006 war broke out in their native country. Up to 1 million Iraqis came to Jordan following the Iraq War in 2003.[11] In 2015, their number was 130,911. About 2,500 Iraqi Mandaean refugees have been resettled in Jordan.Religion{{Main|Religion in Jordan}}{{bar box|title=Religions of Jordan (2010 ) [5] |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Religions |right1=percent |float=left |bars={{bar percent|Islam|Blue|95}}{{bar percent|Christian (Greek Orthodox, Greek and Roman Catholics, Syriac, Coptic and Armenian Orthodox and Protestant) |green|4}}{{bar percent|Buddhist|red|0.4}}{{bar percent|Hindu |black|0.1}}{{bar percent|Folk religionist|cyan|0.1}}{{bar percent|Unaffiliated |orange|0.2}}{{bar percent|Other|yellow|0.2}} }}{{-}} Health and Education{{Main|Health in Jordan|Education in Jordan}}Jordan prides itself on its health services, some of the best in the region.[12] Qualified medics, favourable investment climate and Jordan's stability have contributed to the success of this sector.[13] Jordan has a very advanced education system. The school education system comprises 2 years of pre-school education, 10 years of compulsory basic education, and two years of secondary academic or vocational education, after which the students sit for the General Certificate of Secondary Education Exam (Tawjihi).[14] Scholars may attend either private or public schools. Access to higher education is open to holders of the General Secondary Education Certificate, who can then choose between private Community Colleges, public Community Colleges or universities (public and private). The credit-hour system, which entitles students to select courses according to a study plan, is implemented at universities. The number of public universities has reached (10), besides (17) universities that are private, and (51) community colleges. Numbers of universities accompanied by significant increase in number of students enrolled to study in these universities, where the number of enrolled students in both public and private universities is estimated at nearly (236) thousand; (28) thousand out of the total are from Arab or foreign nationalities.[15]
Source: UN World Population Prospects[16] Statistics{{Historical populations|align=right |1952|586200 |1961|900800 |1970|1508200|1980|2233200 |1990|3468000 |2000|4857000 |2010|6698000 |2017|10053000 |footnote = Source:[17] [18] }} The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. Total population10,086,876 (According to the Population Clock as of February 14, 2018).[19] Gender ratio
Age structure
Structure of the population (01.10.2004) (Census)
Structure of the population (31.12.2013) (Estimates) (Excluding foreigners, including registered Palestinian): refugees. :
Median age
Population growth rate2.05% (2017 est.) Birth rate23.9 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)Births and deaths[21][22]
Death rate3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) Net migration rate0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Urbanizationurban population: 84.1% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 1.26% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) Maternal mortality rate58 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) Life expectancy at birth
Total fertility rate3.19 children born/woman (2017 est.) Fertility Rate (The Demographic Health Survey) [23] Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):
Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) by nationality
Health expenditures7.5% of GDP (2014) Physicians density2.65 physicians/1,000 population (2014) Hospital bed density1.8 beds/1,000 population (2012) Obesity - adult prevalence rate35.5% (2016) Children under the age of 5 years underweight3% (2012) Literacy rate15–24 years (in 2015):[24]
UN estimates[25]
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo.html|title=The World Fact book – Jordan|publisher=CIA World Factbook|accessdate=11 December 2016}} {{Demographics of Jordan}}{{Jordan topics}}{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}{{portal bar|Jordan|Sociology}}2. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/population-stands-around-95-million-including-29-million-guests|title=Population stands at around 9.5 million, including 2.9 million guests|last=Ghazal|first=Mohammad|date=22 January 2016|accessdate=22 January 2016|publisher=The Jordan Times}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-tops-list-refugee-host-countries-%E2%80%94-amnesty|title=Jordan tops list of refugee-host countries — Amnesty|date=2016-10-04|work=Jordan Times|access-date=2018-01-30}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1937_1938_5_YRAppendices.pdf |title=American Jewish Yearbook p.528 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-22}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo.html|title= Middle East :: JORDAN|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}} 6. ^{{Citation | publisher = US State Department | url = https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51602.htm | title = International Religious Freedom Report | year = 2005}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://i-cias.com/e.o/jordan_4.htm|title=Jordan: Religions & Peoples|author=|date=|website=i-cias.com}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=ARM|title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:ARM|author=|date=|website=ethnologue.com}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/306128/Jordan/256321/Religion|title=Jordan - history - geography|author=|date=|website=britannica.com}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan|title=Jordan|date=1 December 2015|publisher=UNRWA|accessdate=14 June 2016}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6293807.stm|title=Doors closing on fleeing Iraqis|date=2007|access-date=2018-02-13|language=en-GB}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14631981|title=Jordan profile – Overview|publisher=BBC|date=18 November 2012 |accessdate=11 December 2016}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Sector leaders highlight potential for further growth in medical tourism|accessdate=13 March 2016|date=30 May 2015|publisher=The Jordan Times|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/sector-leaders-highlight-potential-further-growth-medical-tourism#sthash.yz9kdu6B.dpuf|first=Khetam|last=Malkawi}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.moe.gov.jo/en/MenuDetails.aspx?MenuID=32|title=المملكة الاردنية الهاشمية - وزارة التربية و التعليم Ministry of Education - Hashemit Kingdom of Jordan|website=www.moe.gov.jo|access-date=2018-02-13}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mohe.gov.jo/en/pages/BriefMohe1.aspx|title=Brief on Higher Education Sector in Jordan|website=www.mohe.gov.jo|language=en-us|access-date=2018-02-13}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|deadurl=|format=|accessdate=2017-07-15|archiveurl=|archivedate=|last=|date=|year=|month=|day=|language=|pages=|quote=}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|author=|date=|website=esa.un.org}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=Population - Estimated population of 2017 and some of selected data |url=http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/population/population-2/ |website=Department of Statistics |accessdate=9 August 2018}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/|title=Department of Statistics|website=dosweb.dos.gov.jo|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-14}} 20. ^http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_a/main/cd_yb2011/Page_details.html|title=كتاب الاحصائي السنوي 2011|author=|date=|website=www.dos.gov.jo}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/|title=Department of Statistics|website=dosweb.dos.gov.jo|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-27}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dhsprogram.com/|title=The DHS Program - Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs|author=|date=|website=www.dhsprogram.com}} 24. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://litbase.uil.unesco.org/?menu=12&country=JO&programme=162|title=Effective Literacy Programmes|last=Learning|first=UNESCO Institute for Lifelong|date=2017-09-08|website=litbase.uil.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-27}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm|title=World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision|author=|date=|website=un.org}} 1 : Demographics of Jordan |
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