词条 | Demographics of Kyrgyzstan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| country = Kyrgyzstan | image = | caption = Population of Kyrgyzstan (in millions) from 1950-2009 | size_of_population = 5,776,500 (2014 est.)[1] | density = 27.4/km2; 71/sq mi | growth = 1.32/1,000 population (2010 est.) | birth = 22.88 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) | death = 2.69 deaths/1,000 population (2010 est.) | life = 69.43 years | life_male = 65.53 years | life_female = 73.64 years (2009 est.) | infant_mortality = 31.26 deaths/1,000 live births | fertility = 2.65 children born/woman (2010 est.) | age_0-14_years = 23.6% | age_15-64_years = 62.9% | age_65_years = 6.2% | total_mf_ratio = | sr_at_birth = 1.05 male(s)/female | sr_under_15 = 1.04 male(s)/female | sr_15-64_years = 0.96 male(s)/female | sr_65_years_over = 0.64 male(s)/female | nation = Kyrgyzstani | major_ethnic = Kyrgyz | minor_ethnic = Russian, Uzbek, Dungan, Uyghur | official = Kyrgyz, Russian | spoken = Kyrgyz, Russian }} The Demographics of Kyrgyzstan is about the demographic features of the population of Kyrgyzstan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. The name Kyrgyz, both for the people and the country, means "forty girls" or "forty tribes", a reference to the epic hero Manas who unified forty tribes against the Oirats, as symbolized by the 40-ray sun on the flag of Kyrgyzstan. Demographic trendsKyrgyzstan's population increased from 2.1 million to 4.8 million between the censuses of 1959 and 1999.[3] Official estimates set the population at 5.2 million in 2007.[1] Of those, 34.4% are under the age of 15 and 6.2% are over the age of 65. The country is rural: only about one-third of Kyrgyzstan's population live in urban areas. The average population density is 69 people per square mile (29 people per km²). The nation's largest ethnic group are the Kyrgyz, a Turkic people, which comprise 70.9% of the population (2009 census). Other ethnic groups include Russians (9.0%) concentrated in the north and Uzbeks (14.5%) living in the south. Small but noticeable minorities include Dungans (1.9%), Uyghurs (1.1%), Tajiks (1.1%), Kazakhs (0.7%) and Ukrainians (0.5%), and other smaller ethnic minorities (1.7%). Of the formerly sizable Volga German community, exiled here by Joseph Stalin from their earlier homes in the Volga German Republic, most have returned to Germany, and only a few small groups remain. A small percentage of the population are also Koreans, who are the descendants of the Koreans deported in 1937 from the Soviet Far East to Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan has undergone a pronounced change in its ethnic composition since independence.[3][4] The percentage of ethnic Kyrgyz increased from around 50% in 1979 to nearly 70% in 2007, while the percentage of European ethnic groups (Russians, Ukrainians and Germans) dropped from 35% to about 10%.[1][3] The Kyrgyz have historically been semi-nomadic herders, living in round tents called yurts and tending sheep, horses and yaks. This nomadic tradition continues to function seasonally (see transhumance) as herding families return to the high mountain pasture (or jailoo) in the summer. The retention of this nomadic heritage and the freedoms that it implies continue to affect the political atmosphere in the country. Vital statisticsBirths and deathsStatistics are taken from the United Nations Demographic Yearbook, the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Demographic Annual of the Kyrgyz Republic, and Demoskop Weekly.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
Vital statistics[11]Live born children:
Dead:
Natural increase:
Total fertility rate2.65 children born/woman (2009 est.) The differences in the number of children by nationality are significant:[3][4] Uzbeks (3.0 children), Tajiks (3.0 children), Turks (2.9), Kyrgyz (2.9), Dungans (2.8) Russians (1.7), Koreans (1.7), Germans (1.8), Ukrainians (2.1), Tatars (2.1), Kazakhs (2.3) and Ugyhurs (2.5).[3] The TFR for Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, and Koreans in Kyrgyzstan are considerably higher than in their home countries, possibly due to the much lower cost of living.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} Ethnic groupsAccording to the 1999 census,[12] the ethnic composition of the population was as follows: Kyrgyz 72.6%, Uzbeks 14.4%, Russians 6.4%, Dungans 1.1%, Uyghurs 0,9%, other 3.6%, including Koreans 0.4% and Germans 0.4% (among them Low German-speaking Mennonites). Most Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Germans, and Koreans lived in northeast, especially around the city of Karakol. Most of the Dungans and Ugyhurs are found along the Chinese border. Most of the Tajiks and Uzbeks live in the south. The emigration of non-Turkic people to Russia, Ukraine, and Germany is now negligible, in part because most of them left prior to 1999.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} For example, the number of Germans has fallen by over 90% between the 1989 and 2009 censuses. The table shows the ethnic composition of Kyrgyzstan's population according to all population censuses between 1926 and 2009. There has been a sharp decline in the European ethnic groups (Russians, Ukrainians, Germans) and also Tatars since independence (as captured in the 1989, 1999 and 2009 censuses).
CIA World Factbook demographic statisticsData from CIA World Factbook unless otherwise indicated.[21] Ethnic groups
Languages
Religions{{Main article|Religion in Kyrgyzstan}}
Sex ratioat birth:1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.77 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2017 est.) Infant mortality ratetotal: 25.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birthtotal population:70.9 years male: 66.8 years female: 75.4 years (2017 est.) Nationalitynoun:Kyrgyzstani(s) adjective: Kyrgyzstani Literacydefinition:age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.5% male: 99.6% female: 99.4% (2015 est.) See also{{Portal|Kyrgyzstan}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf|script-title=ru:5.01.00.03 Национальный состав населения 1999-2013|trans-title=Table 5.01.00.03 Ethnic composition of the population 1999-2013|publisher=National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic|accessdate=14 April 2014|language=ru|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113151445/http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf|archivedate=13 November 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.kg/media/publicationarchive/30c1af54-2244-4fe1-a470-4d1a88bcea8b.pdf|title=Ethnic composition of the population in Kyrgyzstan 2015 |publisher=National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic | accessdate=1 January 2015|language=ru|deadurl=yes}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Spoorenberg |first1=Thomas |year=2013 |title=Fertility changes in Central Asia since 1980|journal=Asian Population Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=50–77 |doi=10.1080/17441730.2012.752238}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Spoorenberg |first1=Thomas |year=2015 |title=Explaining recent fertility increase in Central Asia |journal=Asian Population Studies |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=115–133 |doi=10.1080/17441730.2015.1027275 }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/2000_round.htm|title=Demographic Yearbook (DYB) Regular Issues 2000 - 2010|work=United Nations Statistical Division|year=2001|accessdate=31 January 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.kg/rus/part/census.htm|script-title=ru:Население|trans-title=Population|language=ru|work=National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan|accessdate=31 January 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://stat.kg/images/stories/Chislennost%20nalichnogo%20naseleniya%20v%202015.pdf |script-title=ru:Численность населения областей, районов, городов и поселков городского типа Кыргызской Республики в 2015г. |trans-title=Population of Regions, Districts, cities and towns of the Kyrgyz Republic in 2015 |language=ru |publisher=National Committee for Statistics of the Kyrgyz Republic |date= |accessdate=31 March 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://stat.kg/images/stories/docs/tematika/demo/Gotov.sbornik%202009-2013.pdf |script-title=ru:ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ЕЖЕГОДНИК КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ 2009-2013 гг. |trans-title=Demographic Annual of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2009-2013 |language=ru |publisher=National Committee for Statistics of the Kyrgyz Republic |date=2014 |accessdate=31 March 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_ed_1935.php |script-title=ru:Естественное движение населения республик СССР, 1935 |trans-title=Natural population growth of the Republics of the USSR, 1935 |language=ru |publisher=Demoscope.ru |date= |accessdate=31 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125545/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_ed_1935.php |archivedate=2 April 2015 |df= }} 10. ^{{cite web|format=XLS|url=http://www.stat.kg/media/statisticsdynamic/ad16bcee-b878-49ad-9d27-566d2923c22b.XLS|script-title=ru:5.01.00.16 Справочные данные по населению|trans-title=Table 5.01.00.16 Population reference data|language=ru|work=National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan|date=2015|accessdate=31 January 2016}}{{cite web|format=XLS|url=http://www.stat.kg/media/statisticsdynamic/05e502b0-d886-4d83-8911-cbf64957f550.XLS|title=Table 5.01.00.05 Number of live births|work=National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan|date=2015|accessdate=31 January 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Social economic situation of the Kyrgyz Republic|url=http://stat.kg/ru/publications/doklad-socialno-ekonomicheskoe-polozhenie-kyrgyzskoj-respubliki//|website=National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic|accessdate=5 March 2018}} 12. ^1 2 3 |