| 词条 | Mibolerone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = verified | Watchedfields = verified | verifiedrevid = 462252160 | IUPAC_name = (7R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-hydroxy-7,13,17-trimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | image = Mibolerone structure.png | width = 225px | image2 = Mibolerone molecule ball.png | width2 = 235px | tradename = Cheque Drops, Matenon | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|mibolerone}} | pregnancy_category = | legal_CA = Schedule IV | legal_US = Schedule III | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = By mouth | class = Androgen; Anabolic steroid; Progestogen | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = Liver | elimination_half-life = | excretion = | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CAS_number = 3704-09-4 | ATC_prefix = None | ATC_suffix = | PubChem = 251636 | IUPHAR_ligand = 2859 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 220460 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 9OGY4BOR8D | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D05025 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 34849 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 425863 | synonyms = U-10997; CDB-904; Dimethylnandrolone; Dimethylnortestosterone;[1] DMNT; 7α,17α-Dimethyl-19-nortestosterone; 7α,17α-Dimethylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one | C=20 | H=30 | O=2 | molecular_weight = 302.456 g/mol | SMILES = C[C@@H]1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@H]1[C@@H]4CC[C@]([C@]4(CC3)C)(C)O | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C20H30O2/c1-12-10-13-11-14(21)4-5-15(13)16-6-8-19(2)17(18(12)16)7-9-20(19,3)22/h11-12,15-18,22H,4-10H2,1-3H3/t12-,15+,16-,17+,18-,19+,20+/m1/s1 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = PTQMMNYJKCSPET-OMHQDGTGSA-N }}Mibolerone, also known as dimethylnortestosterone (DMNT) and sold under the brand names Cheque Drops and Matenon, is a synthetic, orally active, and extremely potent anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-alkylated nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) derivative which was marketed by Upjohn for use as a veterinary drug.[2][3][4] It was indicated specifically as an oral treatment for prevention of estrus (heat) in adult female dogs.[2] Side effects{{See also|Anabolic steroid#Adverse effects}}PharmacologyPharmacodynamicsMibolerone has both higher affinity and greater selectivity for the androgen receptor (AR) than does the related potent AAS metribolone (17α-methyl-19-nor-δ9,11-testosterone),[5][6] although potent and significant progestogenic activity remains present.[8] However, another study found that mibolerone and metribolone had similar affinity for the progesterone receptor (PR) but that mibolerone only had around half the affinity of metribolone for the AR.[7]
Chemistry{{See also|List of androgens/anabolic steroids}}Mibolerone, also known as 7α,17α-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone (DMNT) or as 7α,17α-dimethylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one,[10] is a synthetic estrane steroid and a 17α-alkylated derivative of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone). It is the 17α-methyl derivative of trestolone (7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone; MENT).[10] Other related AAS include metribolone (17α-methyl-δ9,11-19-nortestosterone) and dimethyltrienolone (7α,17α-dimethyl-δ9,11-19-nortestosterone). SynthesisNandrolone (1) appears to be used to make mibolerone. For comparison, also see bolasterone and calusterone. The first step involves extending the conjugation of the enone function by an additional double bond. Chloranil (tetrachloroquinone) is the forerunner of dichlorodicyanoquinone (DDQ), a reagent used extensively for introducing additional unsaturation in the progestin and corticoid series. In the case at hand, heating acetate (1) with chloranil gives the conjugated dienone (2), and reaction of that compound with methylmagnesium bromide in the presence of cuprous chloride leads to addition of the methyl group to position 7 at the end of the conjugated system (3). The stereochemistry of the product again illustrates the preference for additions from the backside. The alcohol at C17 is then oxidized to a ketone (4). Enamines are commonly used to activate adjacent functions; they are also not infrequently used, as in this case, as protecting groups. Thus, reaction of the intermediate with pyrrolidine gives dienamine (5). This transformation emphasizes the clear difference in reactivity between ketones at C7 and C17. A second methyl Grignard addition gives the corresponding 17α-methyl derivative. Hydrolysis of the enamine function then affords mibolerone (6). The same structure of 3 and 4 also containing an 11β-fluoro group has also been described in the patent literature.[11] HistoryMibolerone was first synthesized in 1963.[12][4] Society and cultureGeneric namesMibolerone is the generic name of the drug and its {{abbrlink|INN|International Nonproprietary Name}}, {{abbrlink|USAN|United States Adopted Name}}, and {{abbrlink|BAN|British Approved Name}}.[2][3] It is also known as dimethylnortestosterone (DMNT) and by its former developmental code name U-10997.[2][3]Brand namesMibolerone has been marketed under the brand names Cheque Drops and Matenon.[3][2][4] References1. ^{{cite book|author1=I.K. Morton|author2=Judith M. Hall|title=Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mqaOMOtk61IC&pg=PA181|date=31 October 1999|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-7514-0499-9|pages=181–}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|author=J. Elks|title=The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0vXTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA822|date=14 November 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4757-2085-3|pages=822–}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&pg=PA689|date=January 2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-3-88763-075-1|pages=689–}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=William Llewellyn|title=Anabolics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT395|year=2011|publisher=Molecular Nutrition Llc|isbn=978-0-9828280-1-4|pages=395–}} 5. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Murthy LR, Johnson MP, Rowley DR, Young CY, Scardino PT, Tindall DJ | title = Characterization of steroid receptors in human prostate using mibolerone | journal = Prostate | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 241–53 | year = 1986 | pmid = 2422638 | doi = 10.1002/pros.2990080305| url = }} 6. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Schilling K, Liao S | title = The use of radioactive 7 alpha, 17 alpha-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone (mibolerone) in the assay of androgen receptors | journal = Prostate | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | pages = 581–8 | year = 1984 | pmid = 6333679 | doi =10.1002/pros.2990050603 | url = | issn = }} 7. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Loughney DA, Schwender CF | title = A comparison of progestin and androgen receptor binding using the CoMFA technique | journal = J. Comput.-Aided Mol. Des. | volume = 6 | issue = 6 | pages = 569–81 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1291626 | doi = 10.1007/bf00126215| url = }} 8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Delettré J, Mornon JP, Lepicard G, Ojasoo T, Raynaud JP | title = Steroid flexibility and receptor specificity | journal = J. Steroid Biochem. | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–59 | date = January 1980 | pmid = 7382482 | doi = 10.1016/0022-4731(80)90112-0 | url = }} 9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Ojasoo T, Delettré J, Mornon JP, Turpin-VanDycke C, Raynaud JP | title = Towards the mapping of the progesterone and androgen receptors | journal = J. Steroid Biochem. | volume = 27 | issue = 1-3 | pages = 255–69 | date = 1987 | pmid = 3695484 | doi = 10.1016/0022-4731(87)90317-7 | url = }} 10. ^1 2 {{cite journal | vauthors = Markiewicz L, Gurpide E | title = Estrogenic and progestagenic activities of physiologic and synthetic androgens, as measured by in vitro bioassays | journal = Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 215–22 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9228646 | doi = | url = }} 11. ^{{US patent|7361645}} (2008 to Bayer Schering Pharma Ag). 12. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Schänzer W | title = Metabolism of anabolic androgenic steroids | journal = Clin. Chem. | volume = 42 | issue = 7 | pages = 1001–20 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8674183 | doi = | url = }} External links
8 : Abandoned drugs|Alcohols|Androgens and anabolic steroids|Estranes|Hepatotoxins|Ketones|Progestogens|World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances |
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