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词条 Demographics of Sri Lanka
释义

  1. Overview

  2. Ethnicity

  3. Religion

  4. Languages

  5. Vital statistics

     Fertility and births  Births and deaths  Life expectancy  Population pyramid 

  6. CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

  7. Notes

  8. References

  9. External links

{{Infobox country demographics
| country = Sri Lanka
| image =
| caption = Population of Sri Lanka, 1961-2003 (FAO, 2005)
| size_of_population = 20,359,439 (2012 census)
| density = 325/km2 (2012 census)
| growth = 0.913% (2012 est.)
| birth = 17.04 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
| death = 5.96 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
| life = 75.94 years (2012 est.)
| life_male = 72.43 years (2012 est.)
| life_female = 79.59 years (2012 est.)
| infant_mortality = 9.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
| fertility = 2.17 children born/woman (2012 est.)
| age_0-14_years = 25.2% (2012 census)
| age_15-64_years = 66.9% (2012 census)
| age_65_years = 7.9% (2012 census)
| total_mf_ratio = 0.96 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
| sr_at_birth = 1.04 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
| sr_under_15 = 1.04 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
| sr_15-64_years = 0.96 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
| sr_65_years_over = 0.75 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
| nation = noun: Sri Lankan(s)
adjective: Sri Lankan
| major_ethnic = Sinhalese (74.9%) (2012 census)
| minor_ethnic = {{Unbulleted list|Sri Lanka Tamil (11.1%) (2012 census)|Moor (9.3%) (2012 census)|Indian Tamil (4.1%) (2012 census)}}
| official = Sinhalese, Tamil
| spoken = English
}}

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Sri Lanka, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean also called Ceylon and many other names. It is about the size of Ireland. It is about 28 kilometres (18 mi.) off the south-eastern coast of India with a population of about 20 million. Density is highest in the south west where Colombo, the country's main port and industrial center, is located. The net population growth is about 0.7%. Sri Lanka is ethnically, linguistically, and religiously diverse.

Overview

{{Historical populations
|title = Population of Sri Lanka
|type = none
|align = left
|width = 15em
|state = none
|shading = on
|pop_name =
|percentages = on
|footnote =
|source = [1][2][3][4][5]
| 1789{{Efn|Estimate.}} | 1,200,000
| 1827{{Efn|Non scientific census of the whole island.}} | 889,584
| 1871 | 2,400,380
| 1881 | 2,759,738
| 1891 | 3,007,789
| 1901 | 3,565,954
| 1911 | 4,106,350
| 1921 | 4,498,605
| 1931 | 5,306,871
| 1946 | 6,657,339
| 1953 | 8,097,895
| 1963 | 10,582,064
| 1971 | 12,689,897
| 1981 | 14,846,750
| 2012 | 20,359,439
}}

According to the 2012 census the population of Sri Lanka was 20,359,439, giving a population density of 325/km2.[5] The population had grown by 5,512,689 (37.1%) since the 1981 census (the last full census), equivalent to an annual growth rate of 1.1%.[5] 3,704,470 (18.2%) lived in urban sectors - areas governed by municipal and urban councils.[6]

5,131,666 (25.2%) of the population were aged 14 or under whilst 2,525,573 (12.4%) were aged 60 or over, leaving a working age (15-59) population of 12,702,700.[7] The dependency ratio was 60.2%.[5] The mean age was 32 years and the median age was 31 years.[5] The sex ratio was 94 males per 100 females.[5] The fertility rate for married females aged 15 or over was 2.65 live births.[8] There were 5,264,282 households of which 3,986,236 (75.7%) were headed by males and 1,278,046 (24.3%) were headed by females.[5]

Of the 15,227,773 aged 15 or over, 10,322,105 (67.8%) were married, 3,927,602 (25.8%) were never married, 792,947 (5.2%) were widowed and 185,119 (1.2%) were divorced or separated.[9]

Of those aged 15 or over, 7,857,370 (51.6%) were economically active, 4,199,558 (27.6%) did housework, 1,431,105 (9.4%) were students, 914,934 (6.0%) were unable to work and 346,084 (2.3%) were pensioners.[10] 521,938 (6.6%) of the economically active were unemployed.[5] 604,540 Sri Lankans were living aboard for more than six months but were intending to return to Sri Lanka, mostly in the Gulf states (373,050 61.7%).[11]

The overall literacy rate for those aged 10 and over was 95.7% but amongst those living in the estate sector it was only 86.1%.[12] Of the 18,615,577 aged 5 or over, 499,563 (2.7%) had received a higher education qualification, 2,293,841 (12.3%) had passed G.C.E. A/L, 3,159,402 (17.0%) had passed G.C.E. O/L and 700,419 (3.8%) had no formal schooling.[13] The remaining 11,962,352 (64.3%) had left school with no qualifications or were currently at school.[13]

{{clear|left}}

Sri Lanka's population is aging faster than any other nation in South Asia and has the fifth highest rapidly growing population of older people in Asia after China, Thailand, South Korea and Japan.[14][15][16] In 2015, Sri Lanka's population aged over 60 was 13.9%, by 2030 this will increase to 21% and by 2050 this number will reach 27.4%.[15][16] Sri Lanka's rapidly growing older population has ignited concerns of the socio-economic challenges that the country will face because of this.[17]

Ethnicity

The Sinhalese make up 74.9% of the population (according to 2012 census) and are concentrated in the densely populated south-west and central parts of the island.[28] The Sri Lanka Tamils, who live predominantly in the north and east of the island, form the largest minority group at 11.1% (according to the 2012 census) of the population.[28]

The Moors, descendants of Arab traders that settled in Sri Lanka and married local women, form the third largest ethnic group at 9.3% of the population.[28] They are mostly concentrated in urban areas in the southern parts of the island with substantial populations in the Central and Eastern provinces. During times of Portuguese colonization, Moors were persecuted, and many forced to retreat to the central highlands and the eastern coast.{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}

There are also Indian Tamils who form a distinct ethnic group comprising 4.1% of the population.[28] The British brought them to Sri Lanka in the 19th century as tea and rubber plantation workers, and they remain concentrated in the "tea country" of south-central Sri Lanka. The Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka were considered to be "stateless" and over 300 000 Indian Tamils were deported back to India, due to the agreement between Sri Lanka and India in 1964.[18] Under the pact, India granted citizenship to the remainder, some 200,000 of whom now live in India. Another 75,000 Indian Tamils, who themselves or whose parents once applied for Indian citizenship, now wish to remain in Sri Lanka. The government has stated these Tamils will not be forced to return to India, although they are not technically citizens of Sri Lanka. By the 1990s most Indian Tamils had received Sri Lankan citizenship, and some even were not granted Sri Lankan citizenship until 2003.[18][19]

Smaller minorities include the Malays who descend from Austronesian settlers, the Burghers, who are descendants of European colonists, principally from Portugal, the Netherlands and the UK and ethnic Chinese migrants who came to the island in the 18th and 19th centuries.

{{clear|left}}
Population of Sri Lanka by ethnic group 1881 to 2012[20][21][22]
YearSinhaleseSri Lankan Tamils{{Efn|name=IT|Indian Tamils were only classified as a separate ethnic group from 1911 onwards. Prior to this they were included with Sri Lankan Tamils.Sri Lankan Moors{{Efn|name=IM|Indian Moors were only classified as a separate ethnic group from 1911 to 1971. Prior to 1911 they were included with Sri Lankan Moors. After 1971 they were included with Others.Indian Tamils{{Efn|name=ITSri Lankan MalaysBurghers/
Eurasian		Indian Moors{{Efn|name=IMOthersTotal
No.
No.%No.%No.%No.%No.%No.%No.%No.%
1881 Census 1,846,600 66.91% 687,200 24.90% 184,500 6.69% 8,900 0.32% 17,900 0.65% 14,500 0.53% 2,759,700
1891 Census 2,041,200 67.86% 723,900 24.07% 197,200 6.56% 10,100 0.34% 21,200 0.70% 14,200 0.47% 3,007,800
1901 Census 2,330,800 65.36% 951,700 26.69% 228,000 6.39% 11,900 0.33% 23,500 0.66% 20,000 0.56% 3,566,000
1911 Census 2,715,500 66.13% 528,000 12.86% 233,900 5.70% 531,000 12.93% 13,000 0.32% 26,700 0.65% 32,700 0.80% 25,600 0.62% 4,106,400
1921 Census 3,016,200 67.05% 517,300 11.50% 251,900 5.60% 602,700 13.40% 13,400 0.30% 29,400 0.65% 33,000 0.73% 34,600 0.77% 4,498,600
1931 Estimate 3,473,000 65.45% 598,900 11.29% 289,600 5.46% 818,500 15.43% 16,000 0.30% 32,300 0.61% 36,300 0.68% 41,800 0.79% 5,306,000
1946 Census{{Efn|The 1941 Census was postponed due to World War II.}} 4,620,500 69.41% 733,700 11.02% 373,600 5.61% 780,600 11.73% 22,500 0.34% 41,900 0.63% 35,600 0.53% 48,900 0.73% 6,657,300
1953 Census{{Efn|The 1951 Census was postponed due to a shortage of paper at the time.}} 5,616,700 69.36% 884,700 10.93% 464,000 5.73% 974,100 12.03% 25,400 0.31% 46,000 0.57% 47,500 0.59% 39,500 0.49% 8,097,900
1963 Census 7,512,900 71.00% 1,164,700 11.01% 626,800 5.92% 1,123,000 10.61% 33,400 0.32% 45,900 0.43% 55,400 0.52% 19,900 0.19% 10,582,000
1971 Census 9,131,241 71.96% 1,423,981 11.22% 855,724 6.74% 1,174,606 9.26% 43,459 0.34% 45,376 0.36% 15,510 0.12% 12,689,897
1981 Census 10,979,561 73.95% 1,886,872 12.71% 1,046,926 7.05% 818,656 5.51% 46,963 0.32% 39,374 0.27% 28,398 0.19% 14,846,750
2001 Census{{Efn|name=census01|2001 Census was only carried out in 18 of the 25 districts. Inclusion of data would be misleading.}}
2011 Census{{Efn|name=census12|The official census dates for the 2011 Census was 20 March 2012.}} 15,250,081 74.90% 2,269,266 11.15% 1,892,638 9.30% 839,504 4.12% 44,130 0.22% 38,293 0.19% 25,527 0.13% 20,359,439

Religion

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Sri Lanka (2012)[23]
|label1 = Buddhism
|value1 = 70.2
|color1 = red
|label2 = Hinduism
|value2 = 12.6
|color2 = Orange
|label3 = Islam
|value3 = 9.7
|color3 = Green
|label4 = Roman Catholic
|value4 = 6.1
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = Other Christian
|value5 = 1.3
|color5 = pink
|label6 = Other
|value6 = 0.05
|color6= cyan
}}{{main article|Religion in Sri Lanka}}

According to the 2012 census Buddhists make up 70.1% of the population, Hindus 12.6%, Muslims 9.7% and Christians 7.6%.[39] Most Sinhalese are Buddhist; most Tamils are Hindu; and the Moors and Malays are mostly Muslim. Sizeable minorities of both Sinhalese and Tamils are Christians, most of whom are Roman Catholic. The Burgher population is mostly Roman Catholic or Presbyterian. The Veddahs have Animist and Buddhist practices. The 1978 constitution, while assuring freedom of religion, gives "the foremost place" Buddhism.[24][25]

Population of Sri Lanka by religion 1881 to 2012[26][27][28]
YearBuddhistHinduMuslimChristianOthersTotal
No.%No.%No.%No.%No.%No.
1881 Census 1,698,100 61.53% 593,600 21.51% 197,800 7.17% 268,000 9.71% 2,300 0.08% 2,759,800
1891 Census 1,877,000 62.40% 615,900 20.48% 212,000 7.05% 302,100 10.04% 800 0.03% 3,007,800
1901 Census 2,141,400 60.06% 826,800 23.19% 246,100 6.90% 349,200 9.79% 2,500 0.07% 3,566,000
1911 Census 2,474,200 60.25% 938,300 22.85% 283,600 6.91% 409,200 9.96% 1,100 0.03% 4,106,400
1921 Census 2,769,800 61.57% 982,100 21.83% 302,500 6.72% 443,400 9.86% 800 0.02% 4,498,600
1931 Estimate 3,266,600 61.55% 1,166,900 21.99% 354,200 6.67% 518,100 9.76% 1,100 0.02% 5,306,900
1946 Census 4,294,900 64.51% 1,320,400 19.83% 436,600 6.56% 603,200 9.06% 2,200 0.03% 6,657,300
1953 Census 5,209,400 64.33% 1,610,500 19.89% 541,500 6.69% 724,400 8.95% 12,100 0.15% 8,097,900
1963 Census 7,003,300 66.18% 1,958,400 18.51% 724,000 6.84% 884,900 8.36% 11,400 0.11% 10,582,000
1971 Census 8,536,868 67.27% 2,238,666 17.64% 901,785 7.11% 1,004,326 7.91% 8,252 0.07% 12,689,897
1981 Census 10,288,325 69.30% 2,297,806 15.48% 1,121,717 7.56% 1,130,568 7.61% 8,334 0.06% 14,846,750
2001 Census{{Efn|name=census01}}
2012 Census{{Efn|name=census12}} 14,272,056 70.10% 2,561,299 12.58% 1,967,523 9.66% 1,552,161 7.62% 6,400 0.03% 20,359,439

Languages

{{main article|Languages of Sri Lanka}}{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption =Ethnicity in Sri Lanka (2012)[23]
|label1 = Sinhalese
|value1 = 74
|color1 = blue
|label2 = Tamil
|value2 = 18
|color2 = red
|label3 = Other
|value3 = 8
|color3 = green
}}Sinhala, an Indo-European language, is the first language of the Sinhalese. Tamil, a Dravidian language, is the first language of the Tamils. Tamil is also the first language the majority of Moors and the Indian Tamils - according to the 2012 census 98% of Moors could speak Tamil but only 59% could speak Sinhala.[29]

Malays speak Sri Lanka Malay, a Creole language mixing Sinhala, Tamil and Malay. Many of the Burghers speak Sri Lankan Indo-Portuguese although its use has declined and the majority now speak Sinhala.[29] The Veddahs speak Vedda, a Creole language closely based on Sinhala. Use of English has declined since independence, but it continues to be spoken by many in the middle and upper middle classes, particularly in Colombo. According to the 2012 census 24% of the population could speak English.[29] The government is seeking to reverse the decline in the use of English, mainly for economic but also for political reasons. According to the constitution Sinhala and Tamil are official languages whilst English is the link language.[30]

Vital statistics

UN estimates:[31]

PeriodLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR1CDR1NC1TFR1IMR1
1950–1955322 000171 000151 00037.419.817.55.80103.9
1955–1960367 000143 000223 00038.615.123.55.8086.7
1960–1965377 000128 000248 00035.512.123.45.2077.5
1965–1970391 000116 000276 00032.99.723.24.7069.3
1970–1975383 000103 000280 00029.17.821.34.0055.4
1975–1980401 00099 000302 00027.86.920.93.6138.8
1980–1985401 00096 000305 00025.66.119.53.1930.3
1985–1990362 000110 000253 00021.66.515.12.6424.1
1990–1995349 000119 000230 00019.66.712.92.3922.1
1995–2000329 000146 000183 00017.87.99.92.1618.9
2000–2005360 000121 000239 00018.76.312.42.2715.9
2005–2010386 000132 000253 00019.06.512.52.3612.4
2010–201516.4 6.69.82.11
2015–202014.9 7.17.82.03
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[32]

YearCBR (total)TFR (total)CBR (urban)TFR (urban)CBR (rural)TFR (rural)CBR (estate)TFR (estate)
1981-19833,12,43,23,4
19872,8 (2,4)2,3 (1,9)2,9 (2,4)3,4 (3,2)
2006-200718,72,3 (2,1)18,52,2 (2,0)18,62,3 (2,1)20,02,5 (2,1)

Births and deaths

YearPopulationLive birthsDeathsNatural increaseCrude birth rateCrude death rateRate of natural increaseTFR
1992356 84298 380258 46221.55.915.6
1993350 70796 179254 52820.85.715.1
1994356 071100 394255 67720.85.914.9
1995343 224104 707238 51719.96.013.9
1996340 649122 161218 48819.57.012.5
1997333 219114 591218 62818.86.412.4
1998322 672112 653210 01918.26.212.0
1999328 725115 330213 39518.16.311.8
2000347 749116 200231 54918.46.112.3
2001358 583112 858245 72518.95.913.0
2002367 709111 863255 84619.15.813.3
2003370 643115 495255 14818.95.913.0
2004364 711114 915249 79618.55.812.7
2005370 731132 097238 63418.16.511.6
2006373 538117 467256 07118.85.912.9
2007386 573118 992267 58119.25.913.3
2008373 575123 814249 76118.46.112.3
2009368 304127 776240 52818.06.211.8
2010364 565128 603235 96217.76.211.4
2011363 415123 261240 15417.45.911.5
201220 425355 900122 063233 83717.56.011.5
201320 585365 792127 124238 66817.96.211.7
201420 771349 715127 758221 95716.86.210.6
201520 966334 821131 634203 18716.06.39.7
201621 203331 073130 765200 30815.66.29.4
2017326 052139 822186 23015.26.58.7
[33]

Life expectancy

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years		PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195554.51985–199068.9
1955–196058.31990–199570.0
1960–196560.31995–200069.1
1965–197062.92000–200573.2
1970–197565.22005–201074.1
1975–198067.02010–201574.6
1980–198569.1

Source: UN World Population Prospects[34]

Population pyramid

{{Hidden begin
|title= Provisional Estimates (01/07/2013) Because of rounding, totals are not in all cases the sum of the respective components.
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;

}}

Provisional estimates (01/07/2013) :

Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total9 940 00010 544 00020 483 000100
0-4891 000871 0001 762 0008.60
5-9895 000869 0001 764 0008.61
10-14835 000810 0001 645 0008.03
15-19819 000839 0001 658 0008.09
20-24754 000777 0001 530 0007.47
25-29751 000806 0001 557 0007.60
30-34799 000849 0001 649 0008.05
35-39688 000732 0001 421 0006.94
40-44673 000711 0001 384 0006.76
45-49625 000666 0001 291 0006.30
50-54585 000643 0001 228 0006.00
55-59505 000561 0001 066 0005.20
60-64428 000495 000924 0004.51
65-69287 000348 000635 0003.10
70-74182 000231 000413 0002.02
75-79116 000170 000286 0001.40
80+107 000164 000270 0001.32
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-142 621 0002 550 0005 171 00025.25
15-646 627 0007 081 00013 708 00066.92
65+692 000913 0001 605 0007.84
[35]{{Hidden end}}

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption =Ethnicity in Sri Lanka (2012)[23]
|label1 = Sinhalese
|value1 = 74.9
|color1 = blue
|label2 = Sri Lanka Tamils
|value2 = 11.2
|color2 = red
|label3 = Sri Lankan Moors
|value3 = 9.3
|color3 = green
|label4 = Indian Tamils
|value4 = 4.2
|color4 = yellow
|label5 = Other
|value5 = 0.5
|color5 = pink
}}

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated:[36]

  • Population - 21,481,334 (July 2012 est.){{Efn|Since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand Tamil civilians have fled the island and more than 200,000 Tamils have sought refuge in the West (July 2010 est.) Aside from such migrants, there is an estimated 1.7 million Sri Lankans who are employed abroad (2010 est.), through which Sri Lanka earned USD 4.1 billion in annual worker remittances in 2010. Such remittances are a key source of foreign exchange for Sri Lanka.}}
  • Age structure - 0–14 years: 23.9% (male 2,594,815/female 2,493,002); 15–64 years: 68% (male 7,089,307/female 7,418,123); 65 years and over:8.1% (male 803,172/female 926,372) (2010 est.)
  • Median age - total: 31.1 years; male: 30.1 years; female: 32.2 years (2012 est.)
  • Population growth rate - 0.913% (2012 est.)
  • Birth rate - 17.04 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
  • Death rate - 5.96 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
  • Net migration rate - -1.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
  • Urbanization - urban population: 14% of total population (2010); rate of urbanization: 1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  • Sex ratio - at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female; under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female; 15–64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female; 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female; total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
  • Infant mortality rate - total: 9.47 deaths/1,000 live births; male: 10.44 deaths/1,000 live births; female: 8.45 deaths/1,000 live births
  • Life expectancy at birth - total population: 75.94 years; male: 72.43 years; female: 79.59 years (2012 est.)
  • Total fertility rate - 2.17 children born/woman (2012 est.)
  • Health expenditures - 4% of GDP (2009)
  • Physicians density - 0.492 physicians/1,000 population (2006)
  • Hospital bed density - 3.1 beds/1,000 population (2004)
  • HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate - less than 0.1% (2009 est.)
  • HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS - 2,800 (2009 est.)
  • HIV/AIDS - deaths - fewer than 200 (2009 est.)
  • Major infectious diseases - degree of risk: high; food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A; vectorborne disease: dengue fever and chikungunya; water contact disease: leptospirosis; animal contact disease: rabies (2009)
  • Nationality - noun: Sri Lankan(s);
    adjective: Sri Lankan
  • Ethnic group - Sinhalese 73.8%; Sri Lankan Tamil 11.15%; Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%; Indian Tamil 4.6%; other 0.5%; unspecified 2.75% (2001 census provisional data){{Efn|These figures are based on the 2001 census which was only carried out partially in the Northern and Eastern provinces, where the majority of Sri Lankan Tamils and Hindus live. Therefore the Sri Lankan Tamil and Hindu percentage is grossly understated. The Sri Lankan government estimates that the Tamils (Sri Lankan and Indian) account for 18% of the population.}}
  • Religion - Buddhism 70.19%; Hinduism 12.61%; Islam 9.71%; Christianity 7.45%; Other 0.05% (2012 [37] provisional data)
  • Languages - Sinhala 74%; Tamil 25%; other 1%{{Efn|English is commonly used in government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population as second language.}}
  • Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write; total population: 91.2%; male: 92.6%; female:90% (2010 census)

Notes

{{Notelist|2}}

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=The Population of Sri Lanka|date=1974|publisher=C.I.C.R.E.D. Series|location=Population Growth|pages=3–4|url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c46.pdf|accessdate=2 August 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701070027/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c46.pdf|archivedate=1 July 2014|df=}}
2. ^{{cite book|title=Census of Population Sri Lanka 1971 - General Report|date=1977|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|page=18|url=http://nada.statistics.gov.lk/index.php/catalog/1246/download/5841|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224102856/http://nada.statistics.gov.lk/index.php/catalog/1246/download/5841|archivedate=2013-12-24|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Table 2.1: Population by sex and district, census years |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.1.pdf |work=Statistical Abstract 2013 |publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402122634/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.1.pdf |archivedate=2015-04-02 |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Population by age group and sex|url=http://sis.statistics.gov.lk/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=144&tblId=DT_POP_SER_266&conn_path=I2|work=LankaSIS Sri Lanka Statistical Information Service|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402145703/http://sis.statistics.gov.lk/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=144&tblId=DT_POP_SER_266&conn_path=I2|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/FinalPopulation.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110406/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/FinalPopulation.pdf|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A1: Population by district, sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A1.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228235912/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A1.pdf|archivedate=2014-12-28|df=}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A2: Population by district, age and sex|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A2.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402145747/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A2.pdf|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A44: Ever married female population aged 15 years and over by number of children born alive, average children per woman, age and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A44.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110505/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A44.pdf|archivedate=2015-09-24|df=}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A10: Population by marital status, age, sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A10.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105322/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A10.pdf|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A37 Population aged 15 years and over by economic activity status, age, sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A37.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110458/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A37.pdf|archivedate=2015-09-24|df=}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A47: Population living abroad temporary by country of usual residence, age and sex|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A47.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114108/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A47.pdf|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A31: Population aged 10 years and over by literacy rate, age, sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A31.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124349/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A31.pdf|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}
13. ^1 {{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A30: Population aged 5 years and over, by educational attainment, age, sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A30.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402134744/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A30.pdf|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=The Future of Population in Asia: Asia's Aging Population|url=http://sites.asiasociety.org/asia21summit/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Asias-Aging-Population-East-West-Center1.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Asia Society|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308210342/http://sites.asiasociety.org/asia21summit/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Asias-Aging-Population-East-West-Center1.pdf|archivedate=8 March 2014|df=}}
15. ^1 {{cite news|title=Ageing population and elderly care in Sri Lanka|url=http://demography.cass.anu.edu.au/events/ageing-population-and-elderly-care-sri-lanka|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Australian National University|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183738/http://demography.cass.anu.edu.au/events/ageing-population-and-elderly-care-sri-lanka|archivedate=7 April 2018|df=}}
16. ^1 {{cite news|title=How Asia’s population is aging, 2015-2030 scenario|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/02/14/how-asias-population-is-aging-2015-2030-scenario.html|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=The Jakarta Post|date=14 February 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407184005/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/02/14/how-asias-population-is-aging-2015-2030-scenario.html|archivedate=7 April 2018|df=}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=Sri Lanka’s ageing population poses socio-economic challenges|url=http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/sri-lankas-ageing-population-poses-socio-economic-challenges/|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Lanka Business Online|date=20 April 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183458/http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/sri-lankas-ageing-population-poses-socio-economic-challenges/|archivedate=7 April 2018|df=}}
18. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhupAgAAQBAJ|title=Sri Lanka and the Responsibility to Protect: Politics, Ethnicity and Genocide|last=Kingsbury|first=Damien|last2=Kingsbury|first2=Senior Lecturer in International Development Damien|date=2012-03-12|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136639975|language=en}}
19. ^{{Cite book|title=A History|last=De Silva|first=C.R|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=262}}
20. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A3: Population by district, ethnic group and sex|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A3.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202454/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A3.pdf|archivedate=2016-03-04|df=}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Table 2.10: Population by ethnic group and census years|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.10.pdf|work=Statistical Abstract 2013|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808035544/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.10.pdf|archivedate=2014-08-08|df=}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Population by ethnic group|url=http://sis.statistics.gov.lk/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=144&tblId=DT_POP_SER_267&conn_path=I2|work=LankaSIS Sri Lanka Statistical Information Service|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110047/http://sis.statistics.gov.lk/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=144&tblId=DT_POP_SER_267&conn_path=I2|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}
23. ^1 2 {{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html|title= South Asia ::SRI LANKA|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|deadurl= no|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150722140222/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html|archivedate= 2015-07-22|df= }}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Chapter III - Fundamental Rights|url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Chapter_03_Amd.htm|work=Constitution of Sri Lanka|publisher=Policy Research & Information Unit, Presidential Secretariat, Sri Lanka|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113054946/http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Chapter_03_Amd.htm|archivedate=2015-11-13|df=}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Chapter II - Buddhism|url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Chapter_02_Amd.html|work=Constitution of Sri Lanka|publisher=Policy Research & Information Unit, Presidential Secretariat, Sri Lanka|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221202/http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Chapter_02_Amd.html|archivedate=2016-03-03|df=}}
26. ^1 {{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A4: Population by district, religion and sex|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A4.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229002205/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A4.pdf|archivedate=2014-12-29|df=}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Table 2.13: Population by religion and census years |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.13.pdf |work=Statistical Abstract 2013 |publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091504/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.13.pdf |archivedate=2015-04-02 |df= }}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Population by religion|url=http://sis.statistics.gov.lk/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=144&tblId=DT_POP_SER_268&conn_path=I2|work=LankaSIS Sri Lanka Statistical Information Service|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115728/http://sis.statistics.gov.lk/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=144&tblId=DT_POP_SER_268&conn_path=I2|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}
29. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A32 :Population aged 10 years and over, by ability to speak, ability to read and write main languages, ethnic group, sex and sector|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A32.pdf|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110454/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/FinalReport/Population/Table%20A32.pdf|archivedate=2015-09-24|df=}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Chapter IV - Language|url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Chapter_04_Amd.html|work=Constitution of Sri Lanka|publisher=Policy Research & Information Unit, Presidential Secretariat, Sri Lanka|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030203101808/http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Chapter_04_Amd.html|archivedate=2003-02-03|df=}}
31. ^World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506000000/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=14&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=|title=MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys|author=|date=|website=microdata.worldbank.org|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904173731/http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=14&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=|archivedate=2016-09-04|df=}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-12-04 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227194033/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm |archivedate=2016-12-27 |df= }}
34. ^{{cite web|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|deadurl=|format=|accessdate=2017-07-15|archiveurl=|archivedate=|last=|date=|year=|month=|day=|language=|pages=|quote=}}
35. ^{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook |website=UN Data |publisher=United Nations |access-date=4 December 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227194033/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm |archivedate=27 December 2016 |df= }}
36. ^{{cite web|title=Sri Lanka|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722140222/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html|archivedate=2015-07-22|df=}}
37. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/cph2011Pub/pop43.pdf | title=: Population by religion according to districts | publisher=Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka | accessdate=22 June 2014 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510095546/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/cph2011Pub/pop43.pdf | archivedate=10 May 2013 | df= }}

External links

  • Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka
{{Ethnic groups in Sri Lanka}}{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}{{Sri Lanka topics}}

1 : Demographics of Sri Lanka
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