| 词条 | Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. As many as 250 ethnic groups have been distinguished and named. The most numerous people are the Luba, Mongo, and Bakongo. Although 700 local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of French and the intermediary languages Kongo, Luba-Kasai, Swahili, and Lingala. PopulationAccording to {{UN_Population|source}} the total population was {{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} in {{UN_Population|Year}}, compared to only 12,184,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 46.3%, 51.1% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.7% was 65 years or older .[1]
Structure of the population (DHS 2013-2014) (Males 45 548, Females 49 134 = 94 682) :
Vital statisticsRegistration of vital events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is incomplete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [1]
Fertility and BirthsTotal Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[2]
Fertility data as of 2013-2014 (DHS Program):[3]
Life expectancy
Ethnic groups{{See also|Category:Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}More than 250 ethnic groups have been identified and named of which the majority are Bantu. The four largest groups - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande make up about 45% of the population. The country has also 60,000 White Congolese most of Belgian ancestry who remained after independence. Bantu peoples (80%): Luba (18%), Mongo (17%), Kongo (12%){{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Others:{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Ambala, Ambuun, Angba, Babindi, Baboma, Baholo, Balunda, Bangala, Bango, Batsamba, Bazombe, Bemba, Bembe, Bira, Bowa, Dikidiki, Dzing, Fuliru, Havu, Hema, Hima, Hunde, Hutu, Iboko, Kanioka, Kaonde, Kuba, Kumu, Kwango, Lengola, Lokele, Lupu, Lwalwa, Mbala, Mbole, Mbuza (Budja), Nande, Ngoli, Bangoli, Ngombe, Nkumu, Nyanga, Pende, Popoi, Poto, Sango, Shi, Songo, Sukus, Tabwa, Tchokwé, Téké, Tembo, Tetela, Topoke, Tutsi, Ungana, Vira, Wakuti, Yaka, Yakoma, Yanzi, Yeke, Yela etc. Central Sudanic/Ubangian : Ngbandi, Ngbaka, Manvu, Mbunja, Moru-Mangbetu, Zande, Logo, Lugbara Nilotic peoples : Alur, Kakwa, Bari, Logo Pygmy peoples : Mbuti, Twa, Baka, Babinga More than 600,000 pygmies (around 1% of the total population) are believed to live in the DR Congo's huge forests, where they survive by hunting wild animals and gathering fruits.[5] Languages{{Main article|Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}The four major languages in the DRC are French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Swahili), Kikongo, and Tshiluba. There are over 200 ethnic languages. French is generally the medium of instruction in schools. English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in Secondary and High School around the country. It is a required subject in the Faculty of Economics at major universities around the country and there are numerous language schools in the country that teach it. In the town of Beni, for instance, there is a Bilingual University that offer courses in both French and English. President Kabila himself is fluent in both English and French, as was his father. ReligionsA survey conducted by the Demographic and Health Surveys program in 2013-2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (Catholics 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). An indigenous religion, Kimbanguism, has the adherence of 2.8%, while Muslims make up 1.2%.[6] Another estimate found Christianity was followed by 95.8% of the population, according to the Pew Research Center in 2010.[7] The CIA The World Factbook states: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Islam 10%, Other (includes Syncretic Sects and Indigenous beliefs) 10%.[8] Joshua Project figures: Roman Catholic 43.9%, Protestant 24.8%, Other Christian 23.7%, Muslim 1.6%, Non-religious 0.6%, Hindu 0.1% other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 5.3%.[9] Other demographic statisticsDemographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[10]
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[11] Population85,281,024 (July 2018 est.) 81.34 million Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and gender than would otherwise be expected (July 2017 est.) Age structure0-14 years: 41.25% (male 17,735,697 /female 17,446,866) 15-24 years: 21.46% (male 9,184,871 /female 9,117,462) 25-54 years: 30.96% (male 13,176,714 /female 13,225,429) 55-64 years: 3.63% (male 1,472,758 /female 1,625,637) 65 years and over: 2.69% (male 974,293 /female 1,321,297) (2018 est.) Median agetotal: 18.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 206th male: 18.6 years female: 19 years (2018 est.) Birth rate32.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th 33.5 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) Death rate9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 50th 9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) Total fertility rate4.54 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 25th Population growth rate2.33% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 31st 2.42% (2016) Mother's mean age at first birth19.9 years (2013/14 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 Contraceptive prevalence rate20.4% (2013/14) Net migration rate-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 105th -0.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: fighting between the Congolese Government and Uganda- and Rwanda-backed Congolese rebels spawned a regional war in DRC in August 1998, which left 2.33 million Congolese internally displaced and caused 412,000 Congolese refugees to flee to surrounding countries (2011 est.) Given the situation in the country and the condition of state structures, it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable data however evidence suggests that DRC continues to be a destination country for immigrants in spite of recent declines. Immigration is seen to be very diverse in nature, with refugees and asylum-seekers - products of the numerous and violent conflicts in the Great Lakes Region - constituting an important subset of the population in the country.[13] Additionally, the country’s large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond and there is considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Transit migration towards South Africa and Europe also plays a role. Immigration in the DRC has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced.[13] According to the International Organization for Migration, the number of immigrants in the DRC has declined from just over 1 million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. Valid figures are not available on migrant workers in particular, partly due to the predominance of the informal economy in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring country ethnic links to nationals of the DRC, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon in the country.[12] Figures on the number of Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from 3 to 6 million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of which live within Africa and to a lesser extent in Europe; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimates on 2000 data. Most Congolese emigrants however, remain in Africa, with new destination countries including South Africa and various points en route to Europe.[12] In addition to being a host country, the DRC has also produced a considerable number of refugees and asylum-seekers located in the region and beyond. These numbers peaked in 2004 when, according to UNHCR, there were more than 460,000 refugees from the DRC; in 2008, Congolese refugees numbered 367,995 in total, 68% of which were living in other African countries.[12] ReligionsRoman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 10% Dependency ratiostotal dependency ratio: 97.5 (2015 est.) youth dependency ratio: 91.5 (2015 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 6 (2015 est.) potential support ratio: 16.8 (2015 est.) Gender ratioAt birth: 1.03 male(s)/female Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.) Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 58.1 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 213rd male: 56.5 years (2018 est.) female: 59.7 years (2018 est.) total population: 56.93 years male: 55.39 years female: 58.51 years (2015 est.)[13] Urbanizationurban population: 44.5% of total population (2018) rate of urbanization: 4.53% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) HIV/AIDS{{Main article|HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}Adult prevalence rate: 0.7% (2017 est.) People living with HIV/AIDS: 390,000 (2017 est.) Deaths: 17,000 (2017 est.) Major infectious diseasesDegree of risk: very high Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever Vectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations Water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2005) NationalityNoun: Congolese (singular and plural) Adjective: Congolese or Congo LiteracyDefinition: age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba Total population: 77% Male: 88.5% Female: 66.5% (2016 est.) School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)total: 10 years (2013) male: 11 years (2013) female: 9 years (2013) Unemployment, youth ages 15-24total: 8.7% (2012 est.) Country comparison to the world: 134th male: 11.3% (2012 est.) female: 6.8% (2012 est.) Congolese diaspora{{Update|date=August 2016}}The table below shows DRC born people who have emigrated abroad in selected Western countries (although it excludes their descendants).[14]
These are only estimates and do not account for Congolese migrants residing illegally in these and other countries. {{citation needed span|Among African countries, Congo's diaspora is second only to Nigeria in size.|date=May 2015}} See also
References1. ^1 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506000000/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }} {{CIA World Factbook|year=2007}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/1354|title=Congo, Dem. Rep. - Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2007|website=microdata.worldbank.org}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf|title=Democratic Republic of Congo|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|website=esa.un.org|access-date=2018-08-26}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3869489.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Africa - DR Congo pygmies 'exterminated'|website=news.bbc.co.uk}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf|title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013-2014|publisher=Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique|language=French|format=PDF|page=36|accessdate=20 April 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/table-religious-composition-by-country-in-percentages/|title=Global Religious Landscape|publisher=Pew Forum}} 8. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html|title= Africa :: CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}} 9. ^Joshua Project - Congo, Democratic Republic of - Religions 10. ^{{cite|url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/dr-congo-population/|title=DR Congo Population 2019|website=World Population Review}} 11. ^{{cite|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html|title= The World FactBook - Congo, Democratic Republic of the|date=July 12, 2018|work=The World Factbook}}{{PD-notice}} 12. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite document|url=http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=41_42&products_id=592|publisher=International Organization for Migration|title=Migration en République Démocratique du Congo: Profil national 2009|year=2009|accessdate=2010-08-17}} 13. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html CIA "The World Factbook": DR Congo 2015.] Retrieved January 13, 2016. 14. ^[https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/democratic-republic-congo-migration-history-marked-crises-and-restrictions Flahaux M.-L. and Schoumaker B. (2016), Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Migration History Marked by Crises and Restrictions, Migration Policy Institute] Retrieved January 20, 2018. External links
2 : Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo society |
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