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词条 Demography of England
释义

  1. Population

  2. Historical population

  3. Vital statistics

  4. Place of birth

  5. Age

  6. Ethnicity

  7. Languages

  8. Religion

  9. See also

  10. Notes

  11. References

  12. External links

{{EngvarB|date=September 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}

The demography of England has since 1801 been measured by the decennial national census, and is marked by centuries of population growth and urbanisation. Due to the lack of authoritative contemporary sources, estimates of the population of England for dates prior to the first census in 1801 vary considerably.

Population

{{See also|Population of the countries of the United Kingdom}}

The population at the time of the 2011 census was 53,012,456

  • Male: 26,069,148
  • Female: 26,943,308
  • Total: 53,012,456[1]
  • Total Fertility Rate: 1.97[2] (higher than Germany – 1.42 & Italy – 1.40, lower than France – 2.02)

Historical population

{{see also|Black Death|Domesday Book|Protestation Returns of 1642|Compton Census}}{{expand section|date=June 2014}}{{Historical populations|title = Population 5000–100BC |align = none| percentages =
| 5000{{0}}BC|below 6000
| 3000{{0}}BC|100000
| 1800{{0}}BC|300000
| {{0}}100{{0}}BC|1500000
| source =[3]
}}{{Historical populations|title = Population 1100–1700 |align = none
| percentages =
| 1086|1710000
| 1190|3100000
| 1220|3970000
| 1250|4230000
| 1279|4430000
| 1290|4750000
| 1315|4690000
| 1325|4120000
| 1348|4810000
| 1351|2600000
| 1377|2500000
| 1400|2080000
| 1430|2020000
| 1450|1900000
| 1490|2140000
| 1522|2350000
| 1541|2830000
| 1560|3200000
| 1600|4110000
| 1650|5310000
| 1700|5200000
| source = [4][5]
}}{{Historical populations|title = Population 1801–2017 |align = none
| percentages =
| 1801|7754875
| 1811|8762178
| 1821|10402143
| 1831|12011830
| 1841|13654914
| 1851|15288885
| 1861|18325052
| 1871|21361235
| 1881|24397385
| 1891|27231229
| 1901|30072180
| 1911|33561235
| 1921|35230225
| 1931|37359045
| 1939|38084321
| 1951|38668830
| 1961|41159213
| 1971|43460525
| 1981|45978080
| 1991|48197672
| 2001|49138831
| 2011|53012456
| 2017|55619400
|source = Year(s) 1801–2011[5][6][7][8]
}}

Vital statistics

[9]
Average population (x 1000)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Fertility rates
1940567 710545 95221 758
1941539 205499 34339 862
1942608 373448 777159 596
1943641 064469 916171 148
1944704 748461 189243 559
1945638 422456 216182 206
1946773 153460 543312 610
1947829 863484 324345 539
1948728 131439 803288 328
1949686 181478 627207 554
1950654 321477 006177 315
1951636 259513 375122 884
1952632 347466 479165 858
1953642 844472 137170 707
1954633 395469 074164 321
1955628 935484 926144 009
1956659 420488 893170 527
1957681 736482 174199 562
1958698 255494 201204 054
1959706 239495 517210 722
1960740 858493 553247 305
1961766 358518 047248 311
1962793 354523 855269 499
1963807 017538 105268 912
1964828 470501 991326 479
1965816 433516 317300 116
1966804 957528 981275 976
1967788 458509 356279 102
1968775 065541 862233 203
1969754 456543 425211 031
1970741 999540 196201 80316.011.64.4
197146 411740 099532 445207 65415.911.54.4
197246 572685 485554 251131 23414.711.92.8
197346 686638 356549 87688 48013.711.81.9
197446 682603 153547 98055 17312.911.71.2
197546 674568 900545 44423 45612.211.70.5
197646 659550 383560 317-9 93411.812.0-0.2
197746 639536 953538 652-1 69911.511.5-0.0
197846 638562 589547 68514 90412.111.70.4
197946 698601 316554 84046 47612.911.91.0
198046 787618 371544 34974 02213.211.61.6
198146 820598 163541 01857 14512.811.61.2
198246 777589 711544 98444 72712.611.70.91.76
198346 813593 255542 50950 74612.711.61.11.75
198446 912600 573531 31469 25912.811.31.51.75
198547 057619 301553 15366 14813.211.81.41.78
198647 187623 609544 54579 06413.211.51.71.76
198747 300643 330531 150112 18013.611.22.41.80
198847 412654 353535 553118 80013.811.32.51.82
198947 552649 357539 804109 55313.711.42.31.79
199047 699666 920528 920138 00014.011.13.91.83
199147 875660 806533 980126 82613.811.22.61.81
199247 998651 784522 660129 12413.610.92.71.79
199348 102636 473540 90495 56913.211.22.01.76
199448 228628 956516 297112 65913.010.72.31.75
199548 383613 257529 03884 21912.710.91.81.71
199648 519614 184526 65087 53412.710.91.81.73
199748 664608 202521 59886 60412.510.71.81.73
199848 820602 111518 08984 02212.310.61.71.72
199949 032589 468517 11972 34912.010.51.51.69
200049 233572 826503 02669 80011.610.21.41.65
200149 449563 744497 87865 86611.410.11.31.63
200249 679565 709500 79264 91711.410.11.31.64
200349 925589 851504 12785 72411.810.11.71.72
200450 194607 184480 717126 46712.19.62.51.77
200550 606613 028479 678133 35012.19.52.61.77
200650 965635 748470 326165 42212.59.23.31.83
200751 381655 357470 721184 63612.89.23.61.88
200851 815672 809475 763197 04613.09.23.81.92
200952 196671 058459 241211 81712.98.84.11.91
201052 642687 007461 017225 99013.18.84.31.94
201153 107688 120452 862235 25813.08.54.51.93
201253 493694 241466 779227 46213.08.74.31.94
201353 865664 517473 552190 96512.38.83.51.85
201454 316661 496468 875192 62112.28.63.61.83
201554 786664 399495 309169 09012.19.03.11.82
201655 268663 157490 454172 70312.08.93.11.81
201756 619646 794498 882147 91211.69.02.61.76
2018505 772

Place of birth

Places of birth given by respondents to the 2001 and 2011 censuses were as follows:

Country of birth2001[10]2011[11]
Number%Number%
England}} 42,968,596 87.44% 44,246,592 83.46%
Scotland}} 794,577 1.62% 708,872 1.34%
Wales}} 609,711 1.24% 506,619 0.96%
Northern Ireland}} 215,124 0.44% 206,735 0.39%
United Kingdom}} (not otherwise specified) 6,499 0.01%
Ireland}} 459,662 0.94% 395,182 0.75%
EU}} Founding EU Member Countries 695,045 1.41% 1,980,259 3.73%
EU}} Other EU Member Countries (joined pre 2001) 894,908 1.69%
EU}} Other EU Member Countries (joined post 2001) 1,085,351 2.04%
UN}} Other Countries 3,396,116 6.91% 4,961,698 9.36%
Total 49,138,831 100.00% 53,012,456 100.00%

Below are the 5 largest foreign-born groups in England according to 2014 ONS estimates.[12]

Country of birthEstimated population, 2013Estimated population, 2014Estimated population, 2015
{{flag|India}}{{nts|698000 }}{{nts|748000 }}{{nts|751000 }}
{{flag|Poland}}{{nts|561000 }}{{nts|677000 }}{{nts|713000 }}
{{flag|Pakistan}}{{nts|479000 }}{{nts|499000 }}{{nts|478000 }}
{{flag|Republic of Ireland}}{{nts|315000 }}{{nts|317000 }}{{nts|318000 }}
{{flag|Germany}}{{nts|263000 }}{{nts|267000 }}{{nts|253000 }}

Age

The data below is based on the 2011 census.[13] In 2001, the mean age of England's population was 38.60, and the median age was 37.00.

Ages attained
(years)		 Population % of total
population		 % per year
of age band
0–4 3,318,449 6.26 1.25
5–9 2,972,632 5.61 1.12
10–14 3,080,929 5.81 1.16
15–19 3,340,265 6.30 1.26
20–24 3,595,321 6.78 1.36
25–29 3,650,881 6.89 1.38
30–34 3,509,221 6.62 1.32
35–39 3,549,116 6.69 1.34
40–44 3,885,934 7.33 1.47
45–49 3,879,815 7.32 1.46
50–54 3,400,095 6.41 1.28
55–59 2,996,992 5.65 1.13
60–64 3,172,277 5.98 1.20
65–69 2,508,154 4.73 0.95
70–74 2,044,129 3.86 0.77
75–79 1,669,345 3.15 0.63
80–84 1,258,773 2.37 0.47
85–89 776,311 1.46 0.29
90+ 403,817 0.76 –
Life expectancy at birth[14]
  • January 2001 – December 2003
    • Males: 76.24 years
    • Females: 80.72 years
  • January 2002 – December 2004
    • Males: 76.55 years
    • Females: 80.91 years
  • January 2003 – December 2005
    • Males: 76.92 years
    • Females: 81.14 years

Ethnicity

{{see also|Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom}}

The 2001 and 2011 censuses recorded the following ethnic groups:

Ethnic group 2001
population 		2001
% 		2011
population 		2011
%
White: British 42,747,136 87.0 42,279,236 79.8
White: Irish 624,115 1.3 517,001 1.0
White: Irish Traveller/White Gypsy[15] 54,895 0.1
White: Other 1,308,110 2.7 2,430,010 4.6
White: Total 44,679,361 91.0 45,281,142 85.4
Asian or Asian British: Indian 1,028,546 2.1 1,395,702 2.6
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani706,539 1.4 1,112,282 2.1
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 275,394 0.6 436,514 0.8
Asian or Asian British: Chinese[16]220,681 0.5 379,502 0.7
Asian or Asian British: Asian Other 237,810 0.5 819,403 1.6
Asian or Asian British: Total 2,468,970 5.1 4,143,403 7.8
Black or Black British: Caribbean 561,246 1.1 591,016 1.1
Black or Black British: African 475,938 1.0 977,741 1.8
Black or Black British: Other 95,324 0.2 277,857 0.5
Black or Black British: Total 1,132,508 2.3 1,846,614 3.5
Mixed: White and Caribbean231,424 0.5 415,616 0.8
Mixed: White and African76,498 0.2 161,550 0.3
Mixed: White and Asian Other184,014 0.4 332,708 0.6
Mixed: Other Mixed151,4370.3 283,005 0.3
British Mixed: Total 643,373 1.4 1,192,879 2.3
Other: Arab[17] 220,985 0.4
Other: Any other ethnic group 214,6190.4 327,433 0.6
Other: Total 214,619 0.4 548,418 1.0
Total 49,138,831 100 53,012,456 100
Notes for table above
1. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_292378.pdf |title=2011 Census: Population Estimates for the United Kingdom |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=27 March 2011 |accessdate=18 December 2012 }}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=369 |title=National Statistics Online – Live births |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |date= |accessdate=9 July 2010}}
3. ^{{cite book |last=Prior|first=Francis|title=BC Life in Britain and Ireland Before the Romans |year=2004 |publisher=Harper Perennial|location=London |isbn= 978-0007126934}}
4. ^S. Broadberry et al (2010), "English Medieval Population: Reconciling Time Series and Cross Sectional Evidence", Table 7 ([https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/sbroadberry/wp/medievalpopulation7.pdf Preprint], p.22); S. Broadberry et al (2010), "British Economic Growth 1270–1870", Table 18 (Preprint, p. 54); see also S. Broadberry et al (2015), British Economic Growth 1270–1870, Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|1107070783}}, Chapter 1, and Table 5.06, pg [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wJvWBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PR15&ots=f5LK4joq2C&lr&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q&f=false 205]
See also B. Campbell (1990), "People and Land in the Middle Ages, 1066–1500", in Robert A. Dodgshon and Robin A. Butlin (eds), Historical Geography of England and Wales, 2nd edition. Elsevier. {{ISBN|1483288412}}, pp. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XkvgBAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA103&ots=y1gYjdBKMy&dq=england%20dark%20age%20population&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q=england%20dark%20age%20population&f=false 69–122] for discussion of drivers and trends underlying the numbers.
5. ^1 Wrigley and Schofield, "The Population History of England, 1541–1871. A reconstruction.", Harvard University Press, 1981, Table 7.8, pgs. 208-9, [https://books.google.com/books?id=pV9SZS4WpjkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Wrigley+Schofield&source=bl&ots=7Lab7wSXhF&sig=aC5WXidN1aEQBjlguNlKifBP1t0&hl=en&ei=tviFS4SmO4_aNdyemaQM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false]
6. ^At the time of the first census. Census officials estimated that there had been an increase of 77% in the preceding 100 years. In each county women were in the majority. Notes for 1801 taken from Kent 1800–1899 – A Chronicle of the Nineteenth Century Bob Ogley (Froglets Publications 2003) {{ISBN|1-872337-51-1}}. Wrigley and Schofield estimate 8,664,000 based on birth and death records.]
7. ^Vision of Britain a population through time England, Retrieved 9 August 2013
8. ^{{cite|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_292378.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_292378.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=5 January 2016 |title=2011 Census: Population Estimates for the United Kingdom, 27 March 2011 |publisher=ONS |date=12 December 2011 |accessdate=9 August 2013 }}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Vital Statistics: Population and Health Reference Tables|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/vitalstatisticspopulationandhealthreferencetables|website=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=20 July 2017}}
10. ^Census 2001 Key Statistics – Local Authorities KS05 Country of birth, Accessed 6 September 2014
11. ^2011 Census: KS202EW National identity, local authorities in England and Wales, Accessed 22 December 2012
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/population-by-country-of-birth-and-nationality/2014/rft-table-5-pop-by-cob-jan-14-to-dec-14.xls|title=Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2014 to December 2014|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=27 August 2015|accessdate=17 April 2016}} Figures given are the central estimates. See the source for 95 per cent confidence intervals.
13. ^{{cite web|author=UK Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/population-and-household-estimates-for-the-united-kingdom/rft-table-1-census-2011.xls |title=2011 Census: Usual resident population by five-year age group and sex, United Kingdom and constituent countries |publisher=UK Statistics |date=27 March 2011 |accessdate=19 December 2012}}
14. ^{{cite web|author=Neighbourhood Statistics |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?adminCompAndTimeId=20465%3A237&a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&r=1&e=13&f=20536&o=242&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004x1005&l=937&m=0&s=1196701459981&enc=1 |title=Life Expectancy at Birth for City of London, London, England |publisher=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk |date= |accessdate=9 July 2010}}
15. ^New category created for the 2011 census
16. ^In 2001, listed under the 'Chinese or other ethnic group' heading.
17. ^New category created for the 2011 census
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/qs204ew |title=View:England |publisher=NOMIS |accessdate=5 September 2014}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Religion (2001 Census)|url=http://data.gov.uk/dataset/religion_2001_census|publisher=data.gov.uk|accessdate=18 December 2012}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=2011 Census: KS209EW Religion, local authorities in England and Wales |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks209ew.xls|publisher=ons.gov.uk|accessdate=18 December 2012}}

Source: 2001 Census KS06 Ethnic group: Key Statistics for local Authorities and 2011 Census: KS201EW Ethnic group: local authorities in England and Wales.

Languages

The most common main languages spoken in England according to the 2011 census are shown below.[18]

Rank Language Usual residents aged 3+ Proportion
1 English 46,936,780 92.02%
2 Polish 529,173 1.04%
3 Punjabi 271,580 0.53%
4 Urdu 266,330 0.52%
5 Bengali (with Sylheti and Chatgaya) 216,196 0.42%
6 Gujarati 212,217 0.42%
7 Arabic 152,490 0.30%
8 French 145,026 0.28%
9 Portuguese 131,002 0.26%
10 Spanish 118,554 0.23%
11 Tamil 99,773 0.20%
12 Turkish 98,083 0.19%
13 Italian 90,547 0.18%
14 Somali 84,387 0.17%
15 Lithuanian 84,327 0.17%
16 German 75,190 0.15%
17 Persian/Farsi 75,179 0.15%
18 Tagalog/Filipino 67,593 0.13%
19 Romanian 66,496 0.13%
20 Russian 66,271 0.13%
– Welsh 8,248 0.02%
– Cornish 554 0.00%
– Other 1,209,614 2.37%
Population 51,005,610 100.00%

Religion

{{Main|Religion in England}}{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in England (2011 census)
|label1 = Christianity
|value1 = 59.4
|color1 = DodgerBlue
|label2 = Not religious
|value2 = 24.7
|color2 = Honeydew
|label3 = Not stated
|value3 = 7.2
|color3 = Black
|label4 = Islam
|value4 = 5.0
|color4 = Green
|label5 = Other religions
|value5 = 2.2
|color5 = Chartreuse
|label6 = Hinduism
|value6 = 1.5
|color6 = Orange
}}

Respondents to the 2001 and 2011 censuses gave their religions as follows:

Religion2001[19]2011[20]
Number%Number%
Christian35,251,24471.74%31,479,87659.38%
Muslim1,524,8873.10%2,660,1165.02%
Hindu546,9821.11%806,1991.52%
Sikh327,3430.67%420,1960.79%
Jewish257,6710.52%261,2820.49%
Buddhist139,0460.28%238,6260.45%
Other religion143,8110.29%227,8250.43%
No religion7,171,33214.59%13,114,23224.74%
Religion not stated3,776,5157.69%3,804,1047.18%
Total population49,138,831100.00%53,012,456100.00%

See also

  • Demography of the United Kingdom
  • Demography of Scotland
  • Demography of Wales
  • Demography of Northern Ireland
  • Demography of London
  • Demography of Birmingham
  • Demography of Greater Manchester
  • United Kingdom Census 2011
  • National Statistics Socio-economic Classification
  • Census 2001 Ethnic Codes
  • List of English districts by population
  • List of urban areas in England by population
  • List of towns and cities in England by historical population
  • List of major settlements by population in English counties

Notes

References

External links

  • National Statistics
  • Populstat population figure site – main source for 1801–1991
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023053103/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/hitch/gendocs/pop.html#EW Genealogical documents]
  • England map by county population
{{Demographics of Europe}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Demography Of England}}

5 : 2001 in England|Demographics of England|Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|History of England by topic|United Kingdom Census 2001
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