“Michelle Duclos”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Michelle Duclos is a resident of Quebec, Canada and a supporter of the Front de Libération du Québec. While employed as a performer on CFTM-TV in 1965, and a member of the Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale, she became involved in a plot to bomb the Statue of Liberty^[1] in collusion with the Black Liberation Front, a militant Black Power group based in Harlem.

"Monumental" Plot

Twenty-six-year-old Canadian Duclos, together with three American men, Walter Augustus Bowe, Khaicel Sultan Sayyed and accused leader Robert Steele Collier, were arrested in New York on February 16, 1965 in connection with an attempted terrorist plot.^[2]^[3] The men were part of an extremist organization known as the "Black Liberation Front" (BLF), while Duclos was a member of the Quebec nationalist group Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale. The BLF was formed by Collier following a trip to Cuba in August 1964, where he met Michelle Saunier. Saunier, a native of Metz, France, and doctoral candidate at the University of Montreal, had traveled to Cuba with a student group. Collier later visited Saunier in Canada in January 1965, where she introduced him to Duclos. Arrangements were made for Duclos to transport explosives to New York in February.^[4]

A souvenir replica of the Statue of Liberty had helped inspire Bowe's initial plan to dynamite the monument. The "damned old bitch," as Bowe referred to it, was to be infiltrated through an area leading from the statue's head to its torch-bearing arm. This area was off-limits to the public, but Bowe informed the group that he could acquire the key needed to gain entry, making it easy to blow both the head and arm off of the statue. The plot seemed so simple to the group that they decided to branch out and target the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia and the Washington Monument in D.C.^[5]

On February 15 Duclos left Montreal in her 1961 Rambler and headed for New York City with 30 sticks of dynamite and three blasting caps. It is not known where or how she acquired the explosives, or why the group chose to acquire the materials from Canada rather than the United States. Upon her arrival in New York the next day, Duclos cached the explosives in a vacant parking lot on West 239th Street in the Bronx. However, the group had been infiltrated by undercover NYPD rookie cop Raymond A. Wood several months prior, who had notified the FBI before Duclos left Canada. He remained undercover until the explosives were delivered, after which the group was arrested by the FBI before the plot could be executed. All four were charged with federal crimes of conspiring to destroy government property; in addition, Duclos was charged with illegally transporting dynamite into the U.S.^[6]^[2]^[7]^[8]

Duclos pleaded guilty to the second count brought against her of illegally transporting dynamite into the U.S. and testified against her fellow conspirators. As a result, she served only three months in prison before her term was lifted and replaced with five years probation and a permanent ban from reentering the country.^[9]

Aftermath

Her past actions have led to criticisms of her appointment to government positions since 1985, which included the Quebec Premier Bernard Landry's appointment of Duclos to the position of non-resident representative to Algeria of the province of Quebec in 2002.^[10]^[11]

References

1. ^Other Militant Groups of American Culture, from the "American Colonization Society" website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184943/http://ourworld-top.cs.com/ceoofamcolso/id58.htm?f=fs |date=2007-09-30 }}
2. ^¹St. John, Philip A. "Battle for Leyte Gulf", Turner Publishing, 1996. p. 150.
3. ^The Monumental Plot
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mitchell|first1=David F.|title=The Monumental Plot: An Overview of the 1965 Conspiracy to Destroy the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell, and Washington Monument|journal=Journal of Counterterrorism and Homeland Security International|volume=16|issue=4|pages=30–34|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/242764639/The-Monumental-Plot-by-David-F-Mitchell#scribd|accessdate=9 May 2015}}
5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mitchell|first1=David F.|title=The Monumental Plot: An Overview of the 1965 Conspiracy to Destroy the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell, and Washington Monument|journal=Journal of Counterterrorism and Homeland Security International|volume=16|issue=4|pages=30–34|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/242764639/The-Monumental-Plot-by-David-F-Mitchell#scribd|accessdate=9 May 2015}}
6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mitchell|first1=David F.|title=The Monumental Plot: An Overview of the 1965 Conspiracy to Destroy the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell, and Washington Monument|journal=Journal of Counterterrorism and Homeland Security International|volume=16|issue=4|pages=30–34|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/242764639/The-Monumental-Plot-by-David-F-Mitchell#scribd|accessdate=9 May 2015}}
7. ^Beruvides, Estaban Cuban Terrorism in the United States in 1965
8. ^Terrorists Connected To Cuban Communist Government
9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mitchell|first1=David F.|title=The Monumental Plot: An Overview of the 1965 Conspiracy to Destroy the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell, and Washington Monument|journal=Journal of Counterterrorism and Homeland Security International|volume=16|issue=4|pages=30–34|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/242764639/The-Monumental-Plot-by-David-F-Mitchell#scribd|accessdate=9 May 2015}}
10. ^Vigile Archives {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414024525/http://www.vigile.net/dossier-monde/1-10/20-macpherson-duclos.html |date=2006-04-14 }}
11. ^Esteban Beruvides, Cuba: Anuario Historico 2001 Tomo 2