| 词条 | Midcourse Space Experiment |
| 释义 |
| name = Midcourse Space Experiment | names_list = MSX | image = | image_caption = Midcourse Space Experiment | image_alt = | image_size = | mission_type = | operator = BMDO | Harvard_designation = | COSPAR_ID = 1996-024A | SATCAT = 23851 | website = MSX home page | mission_duration = | distance_travelled = | orbits_completed = | suborbital_range = | suborbital_apogee = | spacecraft = | spacecraft_type = | spacecraft_bus = | manufacturer = | launch_mass = {{convert|2700|kg|abbr=on}} | BOL_mass = | landing_mass = | dry_mass = | payload_mass = | dimensions = | power = | launch_date = {{start date|1996|04|24}} | launch_rocket = Delta 7920-10 | launch_site = Vandenberg AFB SLC-2W | launch_contractor = | deployment_from = | deployment_date = | entered_service = | disposal_type = | deactivated = | destroyed = | last_contact = | recovery_by = | recovery_date = | decay_date = | landing_date = | landing_site =
The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) is a Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) satellite experiment (unmanned space mission) to map bright infrared sources in space. MSX offered the first system demonstration of technology in space to identify and track ballistic missiles during their midcourse flight phase.[1] HistoryOn 24 April 1996, the BMDO launched the MSX satellite on a Delta II booster from Vandenberg AFB, California. MSX was placed in a sun-synchronous orbit at 898 km and an inclination of 99.16 degrees. MSX's mission was to gather data in three spectral bands (long wavelength infrared, visible, and ultraviolet). MSX became a contributing sensor to the Space Surveillance Network on 13 May 1998. The only person on record ever hit by space debris was hit by a piece of the Delta II rocket that launched MSX. Lottie Williams was exercising in a park in Tulsa on January 22, 1997 when she was hit in the shoulder by a {{convert|6|in|cm|order=flip|adj=on}} piece of blackened metallic material. U.S, Space Command confirmed that a used Delta II rocket from the April 1996 launch of the Midcourse Space Experiment had crashed into the atmosphere 30 minutes earlier. The object tapped her on the shoulder and fell off harmlessly onto the ground. Williams collected the item and NASA tests later showed that the fragment was consistent with the materials of the rocket, and Nicholas Johnson, the agency's chief scientist for orbital debris, believes that she was indeed hit by a piece of the rocket.[2][3] OperationsOperational from 1996–1997, MSX mapped the galactic plane and areas either missed or identified as particularly bright by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) at wavelengths of 4.29 µm, 4.35 µm, 8.28 µm, 12.13 µm, 14.65 µm, and 21.3 µm. It carried the 33-cm SPIRIT III infrared telescope with solid hydrogen-cooled five line-scanned infrared focal plane arrays. Calibration of MSX posed a challenge for designers of the experiment, as baselines did not exist for the bands it would be observing under. Engineers solved the problem by having MSX fire projectiles of known composition in front of the detector, and calibrating the instruments to the known black-body curves of the objects. The MSX calibration serves as the basis for other satellites working in the same wavelength range, including AKARI (2006-2011) and the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST). MSX data is currently available in the Infrared Science Archive (IRSA) provided by NASA's Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC). Collaborative efforts between the Air Force Research Laboratory and IPAC has resulted in an archive containing images for about 15 percent of the sky, including the entire Galactic Plane, the Large Magellanic Cloud, and regions of the sky missed by IRAS.[4] {{Clear}}See also{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
Notes1. ^Williams, Frank. "Space-Based Surveillance Operations Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration," Space Tactics Bulletin, Vol 6, Issue 4 2. ^{{cite news|title=Space Junk Survivor|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=98700&page=1|accessdate=2 January 2018|date=3 March 2017}} 3. ^{{cite news|last1=Long|first1=Tony|title=Jan. 22, 1997: Heads Up, Lottie! It’s Space Junk!|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/01/jan-22-1997-heads-up-lottie-its-space-junk/|accessdate=2 January 2018|date=22 January 1997}} 4. ^http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/project/14 External links{{commons category|Midcourse Space Experiment}}
4 : Space observatories|Infrared telescopes|Spacecraft launched in 1996|Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。