| 词条 | Mikura-class escort ship | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The {{nihongo|Mikura-class escort ships|御蔵型海防艦|Mikura-gata kaibōkan}} were a class of fourteen kaibōkan escort vessels built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Eight of the fourteen ships were sunk during the war. The class was also referred to by internal Japanese documents as the {{nihongo|"B-class" coastal defense vessel|乙型海防艦|Otsu-gata kaibōkan}}. BackgroundThe Mikura-class kaibōkan, as with the {{sclass-|Chidori|torpedo boat|4}} torpedo boat, was a consequence of the 1930 London Naval Treaty, which placed limitations on the total destroyer tonnage the Imperial Japanese Navy was permitted. One way in which the treaty could be circumvented was to use a loophole in the treaty which permitted ships of between 600 and 2,000 tons, with no more than four guns over 76mm, no torpedoes, and with a maximum speed of no more than 20 knots. A new class of vessel was designed to use this loophole, and was given the obsolete designation of kaibōkan (Kai = sea, ocean, Bo = defence, Kan = ship), which had previously been used to designate obsolete battleships which had been reassigned to coastal defense duties. The first of these vessels were the {{sclass-|Shimushu |escort ship|4}} and {{sclass-|Etorofu|escort ship|5}}; however, after the start of the Pacific War, it became apparent that a design more capable of anti-submarine warfare was needed. The 1941 Rapid Naval Armaments Supplement Programme authorized eight of these new vessels, which were designated the Mikura-class. [1] Production began in late 1942 concurrently with later Etorofu-class vessels.[1] DescriptionAlthough the Mikura-class was based on the two previous classes of escort vessels and used a simplified version of the Etorofu-class hull, it presented a much different appearance, with a stepped bridge, smaller single smokestack located further aft, shape of the aft deckhouse, and the type of main gun.[1] The ships measured {{convert|77.7|m|ftin|sp=us}} overall, with a beam of {{convert|9.1|m|ftin|sp=us}} and a draft of {{convert|3.05|m|ftin|sp=us}}.[2] They displaced {{convert|940|LT|t|sp=us|order=flip}} at standard load and {{convert|955|LT|t|sp=us|order=flip}} at deep load. The ships had two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft, which were rated at a total of {{convert|4400|bhp|lk=in}} for a speed of {{convert|19.5|kn|lk=in}}. The ships had a range of {{convert|5000|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|16|kn}}.[3] The main battery of the Mikura-class consisted of three Type 10 120 mm AA guns one forward, and a twin unshielded mount aft. These were dual-purpose guns capable of attacking both surface and aircraft targets. Anti-aircraft protection was by four Type 96 {{convert|25|mm|adj=on|1|sp=us}} anti-aircraft guns in two twin-gun mounts abreast the bridge. The Mikura class was initially armed with 120 Type 95 depth charges with two Type 94 depth charge launchers and had a Model 93 sonar and a Type 93 hydrophone. [1] Later in the war, a third Type 94 depth charge launcher was added on the stern and the paravanes were removed. During the Pacific War, the number of Type 96 anti-aircraft guns was increased with the addition of a triple-mount in front of the bridge and an additional four single-mounts. A Type 22 and a Type 13 radar were also added. A Type 97 {{convert|81|mm|adj=on|1|sp=us}} trench mortar was also installed front of the bridge[3] Operational serviceAll eight vessels in the class saw extensive combat service from in the South China Sea and the East China Sea, where they were used for convoy escort. Two American submarines may have been destroyed byMikura-class vessels, with Chiburi given credit for the sinking of {{USS|Growler|SS-215|6}} on 8 November 1944. and Mikura given credit for assisting in the destruction of {{USS|Trigger|SS-237|6}} on March 28, 1945. Of the eight vessels in the class, five were lost in combat (four to USN submarines). One ship survived the war to be used for repatriation duties and one was given as a reparations to the Republic of China Navy, under which it continued to serve until scrapped in 1963. Ships in class
See also
Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=Stille |first1=Mark |title=Imperial Japanese Navy Antisubmarine Escorts 1941–45 |date=2017 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978 1 4728 1817 1 |page=26-30}} 2. ^Chesneau, p. 205 3. ^1 Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 187 References
2 : Escort ship classes|Escort ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy |
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