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词条 Minimum-gauge railway
释义

  1. History

  2. Distinction between a ridable miniature railway and a minimum-gauge railway

  3. Installations

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. Bibliography

{{Distinguish|Ridable miniature railway}}{{Sidebar track gauge}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}Minimum-gauge railways have a gauge of most commonly {{RailGauge|15in}},[1] {{RailGauge|400mm}}, {{RailGauge|16in}}, {{RailGauge|18in}}, {{RailGauge|500mm}} or {{RailGauge|20in}}. The notion of minimum-gauge railways was originally developed by estate railways[1] and the French company of Decauville for industrial railways, mining, and farming applications.[2]

History

The term was originally conceived by Sir Arthur Percival Heywood who used it in 1874 to describe the principle behind his Duffield Bank Railway, specifically its {{Track gauge|15in}} gauge, distinguishing it from a "Narrow Gauge" railway. Having previously built a small railway of {{Track gauge|9in}} gauge, he settled on {{Track gauge|15in}} as the minimum that he felt was practical.[1]

In general, minimum-gauge railways maximize their loading gauge, where the dimension of the equipment is made as large as possible with respect to the track gauge while still providing enough stability to keep it from tipping over. Minimum-gauge railways allowed for ease of mobility on battlefields, mines, and other restricted environments.

A number of {{Track gauge|18in}} gauge railways were built in Britain to serve ammunition depots and other military facilities, particularly during the First World War.

In France, Decauville produced a range of portable track railways running on {{Track gauge|400mm}} and {{Track gauge|500mm}} tracks, most commonly in restricted environments such as underground mine railways, parks and farms.[2]

During World War II, it was proposed to expedite the Yunnan–Burma Railway using {{Track gauge|400mm}} gauge, since such a small gauge can have the tightest of curves in difficult terrain.[3]

Distinction between a ridable miniature railway and a minimum-gauge railway

The major distinction between a miniature railway (USA: 'riding railroad' or 'grand scale railroad') and a minimum-gauge railway is that miniature lines use models of full-sized prototypes. There are miniature railways that run on gauges as wide as {{RailGauge|2ft}}, for example the Wicksteed Park Railway. There are also rideable miniature railways running on extremely narrow tracks as small as {{RailGauge|10.25in}} gauge, for example the Rudyard Lake Steam Railway. Around the world there are also several rideable miniature railways open to the public using even narrower gauges, such as {{RailGauge|7.25in}} and {{RailGauge|7.5in}}.

Generally minimum-gauge railways have a working function as estate railways, or industrial railways, or providers of public transport links; although most have a distinct function in relation to tourism, and depend upon tourism for the revenue to support their working function.

Installations

Railway Country Gauge (metric) Gauge (imperial)
See Fifteen-inch gauge railway15 in|first=met|disp=1|lk=on}}15 in|disp=1}}
Fidalgo City and Anacortes Railway United States18 in|first=met|disp=1|lk=on}}18 in|disp=1}}
Bicton Woodland Railway United Kingdom18 in|first=met|disp=1}}18 in|disp=1}}
Geriatriezentrum am Wienerwald Feldbahn Austria500 mm|disp=1|lk=on}}500 mm|disp=1|first=imp}}
Jardin d'Acclimatation railway France500 mm|disp=1}}500 mm|disp=1|first=imp}}
Kirklees Light Railway United Kingdom15 in|first=met|disp=1}}15 in|disp=1}}
Meadows and Lake Kathleen Railroad United States18 in|first=met|disp=1}}18 in|disp=1}}
Petit train d'Artouste France500 mm|disp=1}}500 mm|disp=1|first=imp}}
Royal Arsenal Railway United Kingdom18 in|first=met|disp=1}}18 in|disp=1}}
Sand Hutton Light Railway United Kingdom18 in|first=met|disp=1}}18 in|disp=1}}
Southern Fuegian Railway Argentina500 mm|disp=1}}500 mm|disp=1|first=imp}}
Steeple Grange Light Railway United Kingdom18 in|first=met|disp=1}}18 in|disp=1}}
Tarn Light Railway France500 mm|disp=1}}500 mm|disp=1|first=imp}}[4]

See also

{{Portal|Trains}}{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • Feldbahn
  • Heritage railway
  • Light railway
  • List of track gauges
  • Narrow gauge railway
  • Industrial railway
  • Rideable miniature railway
{{div col end}}

References

{{Commons category|Minimum gauge railways}}
1. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Heywood |first=A.P. |authorlink=Sir Arthur Heywood |title=Minimum Gauge Railways |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44341 |origyear=1881, Derby: Bemrose |year=1974 |publisher=Turntable Enterprises |isbn=0-902844-26-1 |ref=Heywood, Minimum Gauge Railways}}
2. ^1 {{cite book | author1= Douglas J. Puffert | title= Tracks across continents, paths through history: the economic dynamics of standardization in railway gauge | url= https://books.google.fr/books?id=FzAqtQ2mPJQC&pg=PA186&lpg=PA186&dq=500mm+gauge+railway+France+Decauville&source=bl&ots=5nQiAp8Tjp&sig=Ynoyuc1LTt3MP-W-a2-rSgHiQHk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiu6Y6188rUAhXCMBoKHTZ4D4cQ6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=500mm%20gauge%20railway%20France%20Decauville&f=false | location= Chicago | publisher= The University of Chicago Press | year= 2009 | page= 186 | isbn= 978-0-226-68509-0 }}.
3. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49460166 |title=TOY RAILWAY. |newspaper=The Northern Standard |location=Darwin, NT |date=8 December 1939 |accessdate=5 December 2011 |page=15 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
4. ^fr:Chemin de fer touristique du Tarn and Antique ferrier of Tannerre-en-Puisaye{{Better source|date=February 2019|reason=CIRCULAR}}

Bibliography

  • {{Cite book

|title=The Duffield Bank and Eaton Railways
|last=Clayton |first=H.
|year=1968
|publisher=Oakwood Press
|isbn=0-85361-034-7
|ref=harv
}}
  • {{Cite book

|title=Minimum Gauge Railways
|last=Heywood |first=Arthur Percival
|authorlink=Sir Arthur Heywood, 3rd Baronet
|origyear=1898
|edition=3rd
|publisher=Turntable Publications
|year=1974
|isbn=0-902844-26-1
|ref={{harvid|Heywood|1898}}
}}
  • {{Cite book

|title=Narrow Gauge Railways: England and the Fifteen Inch
|last=Household |first=Humphrey
|publisher=Sutton Publishing
|year=1989
|isbn=0862995752
|ref={{harvid|Household|1989}}
}}
  • {{Cite book

|title=Fifteen Inch Gauge Railways
|last=Mosley |first=David
|last2=van Zeller |first2=Peter
|publisher=David & Charles |location=Newton Abbot
|year=1986
|isbn=0-7153-8694-8
|ref=harv
}}
  • {{Cite book

|title=Sir Arthur Heywood and the Fifteen Inch Gauge Railway
|last=Smithers |first=Mark
|year=1995
|publisher=Plateway Press
|isbn=1-871980-22-4
|ref=harv
}}{{Navbox track gauge}}{{rail-transport-stub}}

5 : Minimum gauge railways|Heritage railways in the United Kingdom|Track gauges by size|Sir Arthur Heywood|Lists of track gauges
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