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词条 Abilene, Kansas
释义

  1. History

     19th century  20th century 

  2. Geography

     Climate 

  3. Economy

  4. Demographics

     2010 census 

  5. Education

     Primary and secondary education 

  6. Transportation

  7. Media

     Print  Radio  Television 

  8. Points of interest

  9. Cultural

  10. Notable people

  11. Sister Cities

  12. See also

  13. Further reading

  14. References

  15. External links

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Abilene, Kansas
|settlement_type = City and County seat
|image_skyline = Aerial view of Abilene Kansas 09-04-2013.JPG
|image_caption = Aerial view of Abilene (2013)
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Dickinson_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Abilene_Highlighted.svg
|map_caption = Location within Dickinson County and Kansas
|image_map1 = Map of Dickinson Co, Ks, USA.png
|map_caption1 = KDOT map of Dickinson County (legend)
|coordinates_footnotes = [1]
|coordinates = {{coord|38|55|2|N|97|12|50|W|region:US-KS_type:city_source:GNIS|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = Kansas
|subdivision_type2 = County
|subdivision_name2 = Dickinson
|subdivision_type3 = Township
|subdivision_name3 =
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = 1857
|established_title1 = Platted
|established_date1 =
|established_title2 = Incorporated
|established_date2 = 1869 [2]
|named_for = Luke 3:1 (bible)
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = Mayor–Council
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|area_footnotes = [3]
|area_total_sq_mi = 4.68
|area_land_sq_mi = 4.68
|area_water_sq_mi = 0
|area_total_km2 = 12.12
|area_land_km2 = 12.12
|area_water_km2 = 0
|unit_pref = Imperial
|elevation_footnotes = [1]
|elevation_ft = 1155
|population_footnotes =
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_total = 6844
|pop_est_footnotes = [5]
|pop_est_as_of = 2016
|population_est = 6469
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|timezone = CST
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|postal_code_type = ZIP code
|postal_code = 67410
|area_code_type = Area code
|area_code = 785
|blank_name = FIPS code
|blank_info = {{FIPS|20|00125}} [1][2]
|blank1_name = GNIS ID
|blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|476675}} [1][3]
|website = {{URL|http://www.abilenecityhall.com/|abilenecityhall.com}}
}}

Abilene (pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|ᵻ|l|iː|n}})[4] is a city in and the county seat of Dickinson County, Kansas, United States.[5] As of the 2010 census, the city population was 6,844.[6] The Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum is located in Abilene.

History

{{See also|History of Kansas}}

19th century

For millennia, the land now known as Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. In 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state.

In 1857, Dickinson County was founded. Abilene began as a stage coach stop in the same year, established by Timothy Hersey and named Mud Creek. It wasn't until 1860 that it was named Abilene, from a passage in the Bible (Luke 3:1), meaning "city of the plains".[2]

In 1867, the Kansas Pacific Railway (Union Pacific) pushed westward through Abilene. In the same year, Joseph G. McCoy purchased 250 acres of land north and east of Abilene, on which he built a hotel, the Drover’s Cottage, stockyards equipped for 2,000 heads of cattle, and a stable for their horses. The Kansas Pacific put in a spur line at Abilene that enabled the cattle cars to be loaded and sent on to their destinations. The first twenty carloads left September 5, 1867, en route to Chicago, Illinois, where McCoy was familiar with the market.[7] The town grew quickly and became the very first "cow town" of the west.[8]

McCoy encouraged Texas cattlemen to drive their herds to his stockyards. From 1867 to 1871, the Chisholm Trail ended in Abilene, bringing in many travelers and making Abilene one of the wildest towns in the west.[9][10] The stockyards shipped 35,000 head in 1867 and became the largest stockyards west of Kansas City, Kansas. In 1871, more than 5,000 cowboys herded from 600,000 to 700,000 cows to Abilene and other Kansas railheads.[2][11][12] Another source reports 440,200 head of cattle were shipped out of Abilene from 1867 to 1871.[13] As railroads were built further south, the end of the Chisholm Trail was slowly moved south towards Caldwell, while as Kansas homesteaders moved the trail west towards and past Ellsworth.

Town marshal Tom "Bear River" Smith was initially successful policing Abilene, often using only his bare hands. He survived two assassination attempts during his tenure. However, he was murdered and decapitated on November 2, 1870. Smith wounded one of his two attackers during the shootout preceding his death, and both suspects received life in prison for the offense.[8] He was replaced by Wild Bill Hickok in April 1871.[2] Hickok's time in the job was short. While the marshal was standing off a crowd during a street brawl, gambler Phil Coe took two shots at Hickok, who returned fire, killing Coe. But Hickok then accidentally shot his friend and deputy, Mike Williams,[14] who was coming to his aid. Hickok lost his job two months later in December.

In 1880 Conrad Lebold built the Lebold Mansion. Lebold was one of the early town developers and bankers from 1869 through 1889. The Hersey dugout can still be seen in the cellar. The house is now a private residence.[15] A marker outside credits the name of the town being given by opening a Bible and using the first place name pointed to.

In 1887, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a branch line from Neva ({{convert|3|mile|km}} west of Strong City) through Abilene to Superior, Nebraska. In 1996, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway merged with Burlington Northern Railroad and renamed to the current BNSF Railway. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Santa Fe".

In 1890, Dr. A.B. Seelye founded the A.B. Seelye Medical Company. Seelye developed over 100 products for the company including "Wasa-Tusa",[16] an Indian name meaning to heal.

20th century

Abilene became home to Dwight D. Eisenhower when his family moved to Abilene from Denison, Texas in 1892. Eisenhower attended elementary school through high school in Abilene, graduating in 1909. The Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum is the burial site of President Eisenhower, his wife, Mamie, and their first-born son Doud Dwight.[17]

Geography

Abilene is located at {{coord|38|55|11|N|97|13|2|W|type:city(6543)_region:US-KS}} (38.919721, −97.217329) at an elevation of 1,155 feet (352 m).[3][18] The city lies on the north side of the Smoky Hill River[19] in the Flint Hills region of the Great Plains.[20] Mud Creek, a tributary of the Smoky Hill, flows south through the city.[21] Located in north-central Kansas at the intersection of Interstate 70 and K-15, Abilene is approximately {{convert|27|mi|abbr=on}} east of Salina, Kansas, {{convert|94|mi|abbr=on}} north of Wichita, and {{convert|139|mi|abbr=on}} west of Kansas City.[20][22]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|4.68|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.[23]

Climate

Lying in the transition zone between North America's humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) and humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) zones, Abilene experiences hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters. In the spring, severe thunderstorms bring the threat of tornadoes and hail. Over the course of a year, temperatures range from an average low below {{convert|20|°F}} in January to an average high of nearly {{convert|95|°F}} in July. The maximum temperature reaches {{convert|90|°F}} an average of 66 days per year and reaches {{convert|100|°F}} an average of 14 days per year. The minimum temperature falls to or below the freezing point an average of 116 days per year. Typically the first fall freeze occurs between the last week of September and the first week of November, and the last spring freeze occurs during April or the first week of May. The area receives nearly {{convert|33|in|mm}} of precipitation during an average year with the largest share being received in May and June—which when combined average 19 days of measurable precipitation. There are on average 79 days of measurable precipitation per year. Winter snowfall averages about 14 inches, but the median is less than {{convert|10|in|mm}}. Measurable snowfall occurs an average of 7 days per year with at least an inch of snow being received on five of those days. Snow depth of at least an inch occurs an average of 8 days per year.[24] The hottest temperature recorded in Abilene was 113 °F (45 °C) in 1954; the coldest temperature recorded was {{convert|−24|°F|0}} in 1989.[25]

{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Abilene, Kansas
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 77
|Feb record high F = 83
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 98
|May record high F = 102
|Jun record high F = 111
|Jul record high F = 113
|Aug record high F = 111
|Sep record high F = 111
|Oct record high F = 98
|Nov record high F = 88
|Dec record high F = 73
|year record high F =113
|Jan high F = 42
|Feb high F = 48
|Mar high F = 58
|Apr high F = 68
|May high F = 77
|Jun high F = 87
|Jul high F = 94
|Aug high F = 92
|Sep high F = 83
|Oct high F = 70
|Nov high F = 56
|Dec high F = 43
|year high F =
|Jan mean F = 31
|Feb mean F = 36
|Mar mean F = 46
|Apr mean F = 56
|May mean F = 67
|Jun mean F = 77
|Jul mean F = 82
|Aug mean F = 80
|Sep mean F = 71
|Oct mean F = 58
|Nov mean F = 45
|Dec mean F = 33
|year mean F =
|Jan low F = 21
|Feb low F = 25
|Mar low F = 34
|Apr low F = 44
|May low F = 56
|Jun low F = 66
|Jul low F = 71
|Aug low F = 68
|Sep low F = 59
|Oct low F = 46
|Nov low F = 34
|Dec low F = 23
|year low F =
|Jan record low F = −19
|Feb record low F = −22
|Mar record low F = −9
|Apr record low F = 15
|May record low F = 27
|Jun record low F = 39
|Jul record low F = 44
|Aug record low F = 41
|Sep record low F = 23
|Oct record low F = 16
|Nov record low F = −6
|Dec record low F = −24
|year record low F= −24
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.82
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.09
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.55
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.80
|May precipitation inch = 4.73
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.35
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.31
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.88
|Sep precipitation inch = 2.54
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.64
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.99
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.04
|year precipitation inch =
|Jan snow inch = 4.8
|Feb snow inch = 3.6
|Mar snow inch = 1.9
|Apr snow inch = 0.1
|May snow inch = 0
|Jun snow inch = 0
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 0.8
|Dec snow inch = 2.5
|year snow inch =
|unit precipitation days=0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days= 4.1
|Feb precipitation days= 4.2
|Mar precipitation days= 6.9
|Apr precipitation days= 7.8
|May precipitation days= 10.3
|Jun precipitation days= 8.3
|Jul precipitation days= 7.5
|Aug precipitation days= 7.9
|Sep precipitation days= 6.4
|Oct precipitation days= 6.0
|Nov precipitation days= 5.4
|Dec precipitation days= 4.4
|year precipitation days=79.1
|unit snow days= 0.1 in
|Jan snow days= 2.3
|Feb snow days= 1.7
|Mar snow days= 0.8
|Apr snow days= 0.1
|May snow days= 0
|Jun snow days= 0
|Jul snow days= 0
|Aug snow days= 0
|Sep snow days= 0
|Oct snow days= 0.1
|Nov snow days= 0.4
|Dec snow days= 1.9
|year snow days= 7.3
|source 1 = The Weather Channel;[25] National Weather Service[24]
|date=April 2011}}

Economy

Abilene remains a cattle yard town, which is still loaded onto the rail system, along with grain and other crops.[19]

It was the birthplace of Sprint Telecommunications.[26]

Demographics

{{US Census population
|align=
|1880= 2360
|1890= 3547
|1900= 3507
|1910= 4118
|1920= 4895
|1930= 5658
|1940= 5671
|1950= 5775
|1960= 6746
|1970= 6661
|1980= 6572
|1990= 6242
|2000= 6543
|2010= 6844
|estyear=2016
|estimate=6469
|estref=[27]
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/ U.S. Decennial Census]
}}

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 6,844 people, 2,878 households, and 1,781 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,463.6 people per square mile (3,791/km²). There were 3,143 housing units at an average density of 671.6 per square mile (259.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.9% White, 0.9% African American, 0.4% American Indian, 0.2% Asian, 1.1% from some other race, and 2.4% from two or more races. 4.7% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.[2]

There were 2,878 households of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33, and the average family size was 2.97.[2]

In the city, the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males age 18 and over.[2]

The median income for a household in the city was $48,115, and the median income for a family was $61,146. Males had a median income of $42,332 versus $29,325 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,820. About 7.3% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 15.1% of those age 65 or over.[2]

Education

Primary and secondary education

Abilene is part of Unified School District 435.[28][29]

Transportation

Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 40 run concurrently east–west immediately north of Abilene, intersecting highway K-15, which runs north–south through the city.[20]Abilene Municipal Airport is located on the city's southwest side. Publicly owned, it has one asphalt runway and is used predominantly for general aviation.[30]

The Kansas Pacific (KP) line of the Union Pacific Railroad runs east–west through the city.[21][31] It intersects a BNSF Railway line which enters the city from the east and then turns north.[32]

The city of Abilene provided demand responsive transport.[33]

Media

Print

Abilene has one daily newspaper, The Abilene Reflector-Chronicle.[34]

Radio

The following radio stations are licensed to Abilene:

AM
FrequencyCallsign[35]Format[36]City of LicenseNotes
1560KABIAdult Standards/MORAbilene, Kansas-
FM
FrequencyCallsign[37]Format[38]City of LicenseNotes
94.1K231AWReligiousAbilene, KansasAFR; Translator of KAKA, Salina, Kansas[39]
98.5KSAJ-FMOldiesAbilene, KansasBroadcasts from Salina, Kansas[40]

Television

Abilene is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market.[41]

Points of interest

  • Abilene and Smoky Valley Railroad - A tourist railroad based out of the old Rock Island train depot in Old Abilene Town; it hauls passengers between Abilene and Enterprise.[42]
  • Eisenhower Presidential Center and the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum.  - Contains murals depicting President Eisenhower's life, painted by artists, Louis George Bouché and Ross Moffett in 1954.
  • Great Plains Theatre - Originally First Presbyterian Church, built in 1881, Landmarked, and is now a live professional theatre, and movie theatre.  
  • Greyhound Hall of Fame - Located near the Eisenhower Presidential Library, the hall exhibits the history of the greyhound breed and of greyhound racing.
  • Heritage Center of Dickinson County - Two museums including the Historical Museum and the Museum of Independent Telephony. The Museum of Independent Telephony tells the story of C.L. Brown, whose independent Brown Telephone Company grew to become the telecommunications company known today as Sprint Nextel Corporation [https://web.archive.org/web/20051119094546/http://heritagecenterdk.com/museum_of_independent_telephony.html].  
  • Lebold Mansion - National Register Property listed in 1973. Built in 1880 in the Italianate Tuscan villa style. This decorative arts museum was once home to one of the finest collections of American Victorian antiques and artifacts. However the museum closed to all tours in June 2010 and was sold to new owners as a private residence on 9/15/10. 
  • Old Abilene Town - Constructed as a replica historic district, beginning in the late 1950s, it includes several original buildings that have been moved from their original locations.[43]
  • A. B. Seelye House and Museum - A Georgian style mansion built in 1905 at a cost of $55,000. The 25 room mansion contains the original furniture and Edison light fixtures. The Patent Medicine Museum contains many artifacts of the A.B. Seelye Medical Company.   Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it is currently a museum showcasing Seelye, an advocate of patent medicines.[44]
  • Kansas Historical Marker - Historic Abilene, on south Sixth Street.[45]

Cultural

Cowboy-era Abilene is the fictional setting for the Randolph Scott-starring 1946 film Abilene Town, which in turn became the inspiration behind the 1963 hit song "Abilene", recorded by George Hamilton IV.

Notable people

{{see also|List of people from Dickinson County, Kansas}}

Old West figures who lived in Abilene during its period as a cowtown included Wild Bill Hickok, cattle baron Joseph McCoy, gambler Phil Coe, marshal Tom “Bear River” Smith, gunfighters Pat Desmond, Thomas J. Smith, John Wesley Hardin and Ben Thompson, and Thompson's sister-in-law Libby, a prostitute and dance hall girl.[46][47]

President of the United States and five-star general Dwight D. Eisenhower grew up in Abilene as did his brothers Edgar, Earl, and Milton.[48][49] President Eisenhower is buried in Abilene, along with his wife Mamie and their eldest son Doud, on the grounds of his presidential library.[50]

Other notable individuals who were born in and/or have lived in Abilene include:

  • C. Olin Ball, food scientist, inventor[51]
  • Harry Beaumont, Oscar-nominated film director.[52]
  • Joseph R. Burton, U.S. Senator from Kansas[53]
  • Steve Doocy, journalist, author[54]
  • Edward C. Little, U.S. Representative from Kansas[55]
  • Deane Waldo Malott, university administrator[56]
  • Frank D. Parent, California court judge[57]
  • Everett W. Stewart, World War II flying ace[58]
  • Hy Vandenberg, Major League Baseball pitcher[59]
  • Marlin Fitzwater, former Press Secretary of Presidents Ronald Reagan and George Bush.[60]

Sister Cities

  • {{flagdeco|Japan}} Omitama, Ibaraki, Japan[61]

See also

{{Portal|Kansas}}
  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Dickinson County, Kansas
  • Abilene High School
  • Abilene Trail
  • Abilene, Texas

Further reading

{{Kansas books}}{{See also|Dickinson County, Kansas#Further reading|l1=List of books about Dickinson County, Kansas}}{{See also|Chisholm Trail#Further reading|l1=List of books about Chisholm Trail}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) details for Abilene, Kansas; United States Geological Survey (USGS); October 13, 1978.
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}}
4. ^{{cite book |title=A pronunciation guide to Kansas place names |author=William Allen White School of Journalism and Public Information |publisher=University of Kansas |location=Lawrence, KS |year=1955 |page=7 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015047651115?urlappend=%3Bseq=11}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YQozzgAf?url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2015-05-10 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web|title=2010 City Population and Housing Occupancy Status |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=March 6, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034521/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table |archivedate=July 21, 2011 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2097/15686/JessicaSmith2013.pdf|first=Jessica|last=Smith|publisher=Kansas State University|title=Morality and Money: A Look at how the Respectable Community Battled the Sporting Community over Prostitution in Kansas Cowtowns, 1867-1885|year=2013}}
8. ^1 {{cite book | author=Joseph G. Rosa | title=They Called Him Wild Bill | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXhYxXsVhIYC | year=1979 | publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | isbn=978-0-8061-1538-2 | pages=172–206 | accessdate=18 October 2010}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH045.html |title=Chisholm Trail |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119063030/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH045.html |archive-date=2012-11-19}} at the Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.
10. ^Route of the Chisholm cattle trail in Kansas; Kansas Historical Society, 1960s.
11. ^{{cite book| title = The Chisholm Trail| first = Wayne| last = Gard| publisher=University of Oklahoma Press| location = Norman, OK| year = 1969| origyear = 1954|lccn = 54-6204|pages= 155–156}}
12. ^{{cite book| pages=124–125|title=Trail of the Wild West|first = Paul Robert|last = Walker| publisher = National Geographic Society| location = Kingsport, TN| editor-first = Kevin | editor-last = Mulroy| year = 1997 | isbn = 978-0792270218}}
13. ^[https://archive.is/20130625020007/http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101074863513;view=1up;seq=1 Kansas Pacific Railway Company. Guide Map of the Best and Shortest Cattle Trail to the Kansas Pacific Railway; Kansas Pacific Railway Company; 1875.]
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.odmp.org/officer.php?oid=16507|title=Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP)|last=|first=|date=2017-07-03|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703030700/http://www.odmp.org/officer.php?oid=16507|archive-date=2017-07-03|dead-url=|access-date=}}
15. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.kansassampler.org/8wonders/architectureresults.php?id=50 | title=Lebold Mansion, Abilene | publisher=Kansas Sampler Foundation | accessdate=18 October 2010}}
16. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.seelyemansion.org/ | title=The historic Seelye Mansion, Abilene, Kansas | accessdate=18 October 2010}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.kansasflinthills.travel/sites/eisenhower_center|title=Flint Hills of Kansas Shopping, Dining, & Accommodations|last=|first=|date=2016-03-08|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308192616/http://www.travelks.com/flint-hills/|archive-date=2016-03-08|dead-url=|access-date=}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
19. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Dale H. |editor-last=Hoiberg|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abilene|edition = 15th |year=2010|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |volume=I: A-ak Bayes |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8|pages=32}}
20. ^1 2 {{cite web | title = 2003-2004 Official Transportation Map | publisher = Kansas Department of Transportation | year = 2003 | url = http://www.ksdot.org/burtransplan/maps/HistoricStateMaps/2003-04Mapside.pdf | accessdate = 2011-04-17}}
21. ^1 {{cite web | title = General Highway Map - Dickinson County, Kansas | publisher = Kansas Department of Transportation | date = 2010-07-01 | url = http://www.ksdot.org/burtransplan/maps/county-pdf/dickinson.PDF | accessdate = 2011-04-17}}
22. ^{{cite web | title = City Distance Tool | publisher = Geobytes | url = http://www.geobytes.com/citydistancetool.htm | accessdate = 2010-04-11| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100412193759/http://www.geobytes.com/citydistancetool.htm| archivedate= 12 April 2010 | deadurl= no}}
23. ^1 {{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2012-07-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/699nOulzi?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-07-14 |df= }}
24. ^1 {{cite web | title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = National Weather Service Forecast Office - Topeka, KS | url = http://www.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=top | accessdate = 2011-04-16}}
25. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com/outlook/health/fitness/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USKS0002 | title = Average weather for Abilene, KS |accessdate = 2011-04-16 |publisher=The Weather Channel}}
26. ^https://www.abilenecityhall.com/index.aspx?NID=177
27. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
28. ^USD 435
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www3.ksde.org/eddir/usd_map.pdf |title=Kansas School District Boundary Map |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721071446/http://www3.ksde.org/eddir/usd_map.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}
30. ^{{cite web | title = K78 - Abilene Municipal Airport | publisher = AirNav.com | url = http://www.airnav.com/airport/K78 | accessdate = 2011-04-16}}
31. ^{{cite web | title = UPRR Common Line Names | publisher = Union Pacific Railroad | url = http://www.uprr.com/aboutup/maps/attachments/upcomnam.pdf | accessdate = 2011-04-17| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110514174900/http://www.uprr.com/aboutup/maps/attachments/upcomnam.pdf| archivedate= 14 May 2011 | deadurl= no}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Kansas Operating Division |publisher=BNSF Railway |date=2009-01-01 |url=http://www.bnsf.com/customers/pdf/maps/div_ks.pdf |accessdate=2011-04-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110325001559/http://www.bnsf.com/customers/pdf/maps/div_ks.pdf |archivedate=25 March 2011 |deadurl=yes }}
33. ^{{Cite web| title = Abilene, KS - Public Transportation| accessdate = 2018-12-01| url = http://www.abilenecityhall.com/index.aspx?nid=271}}
34. ^{{cite web | title = About this Newspaper: Abilene reflector-chronicle | work = Chronicling America | publisher = Library of Congress | url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84029353/ | accessdate = 2009-09-27}}
35. ^{{cite web|title=AMQ AM Radio Database Query |publisher=Federal Communications Commission |url=http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html |accessdate=2009-09-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825063614/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html |archivedate=25 August 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
36. ^{{cite web | title = Station Information Profile | publisher = Arbitron | url = http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/station_information.htm | accessdate = 2009-09-27}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=FMQ FM Radio Database Query |publisher=Federal Communications Commission |url=http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html |accessdate=2009-09-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825071957/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html |archivedate=25 August 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
38. ^{{cite web | title = Radio Stations in Abilene, Kansas | publisher = Radio-Locator | url = http://www.radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/locate?select=city&city=Abilene&state=KS&x=12&y=7 | accessdate = 2011-05-11}}
39. ^{{cite web | title = K231AW-FM Radio Station Information | publisher = Radio-Locator | url = http://www.radio-locator.com/info/K231AW-FX | accessdate = 2011-05-13}}
40. ^{{cite web|title=Contact Us |publisher=KSAJ-FM |url=http://www.trueoldies985.com/page.php?page_id=68 |accessdate=2011-12-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105135109/http://www.trueoldies985.com/page.php?page_id=68 |archivedate=2012-01-05 }}
41. ^{{cite web | title = Kansas TV Market Map | publisher = EchoStar Knowledge Base | url = http://dishuser.org/TVMarkets/Maps/kansas.gif | accessdate = 2011-05-13 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726000406/http://dishuser.org/TVMarkets/Maps/kansas.gif | archivedate = 2011-07-26 | df = }}
42. ^Abilene & Smoky Valley Excursion Train, Kansas Department of Commerce. Accessed 2009-04-14.
43. ^Historic Old Abilene Town, Abilene. Accessed 2009-04-14.
44. ^Seelye Mansion, Abilene. Accessed 2009-04-14.
45. ^Kansas Historical Marker - Historic Abilene
46. ^{{cite web|last=Gray |first=Jim |title=Abilene History |publisher=Kansas Cattle Towns |url=http://www.kansascattletowns.org/abilene/abilene_history.html |accessdate=2011-04-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323023053/http://www.kansascattletowns.org/abilene/abilene_history.html |archivedate=2012-03-23 }}
47. ^{{cite web | last = Weiser | first = Kathy | title = Old West Legends - Texas Madam Squirrel Tooth Alice | publisher = Legends of America | year = 2008 | url = http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-squirreltooth.html | accessdate = 2011-04-23}}
48. ^{{cite web | title = Abilene Years | publisher = Eisenhower Presidential Center | url = https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/All_About_Ike/Early%20Years/Early_Years.html# | accessdate = 2011-04-23}}
49. ^{{cite web | title = President Dwight D. Eisenhower | publisher = Internet Accuracy Project | url = http://accuracyproject.org/cbe-Eisenhower,DwightD..html | accessdate = 2011-04-23}}
50. ^{{cite web | title = Final Post | publisher = Eisenhower Presidential Center | url = https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/All_About_Ike/Final%20Years/Final%20Years.html | accessdate = 2011-04-23}}
51. ^{{cite web | last = Pehanich | first = Mike | title = Hail to the innovators | publisher = Food Engineering | date = 2003-09-10 | url = http://www.foodengineeringmag.com/CDA/Archives/52b0bc2fd62f8010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____ | accessdate = 2011-04-23}}
52. ^{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to the American Musical |url=https://books.google.es/books?id=XbBz3C4Gr0EC&pg=PA54 |last=Hischak |first=Thomas |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195335330 |page=54 |year=2008}}
53. ^{{cite web | title = Burton, Joseph Ralph | publisher = Biographical Directory of the United States Congress | url = http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001154 | accessdate = 2011-04-23}}
54. ^{{cite web | title = Five Minutes with FOX & Friends | publisher = Fox News Channel | url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,89351,00.html | accessdate = 2011-04-23}}
55. ^{{cite web | title = Little, Edward Campbell | publisher = Biographical Directory of the United States Congress | url = http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000349 | accessdate = 2011-04-23}}
56. ^{{cite web|title=President Emeritus Malott dies at 98 |publisher=Cornell Chronicle |date=1996-09-19 |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/96/9.19.96/Malott_obit.html |accessdate=2011-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514093811/http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/96/9.19.96/Malott_obit.html |archivedate=14 May 2011 |deadurl=yes }}
57. ^{{citation | title = F. D. Parent, Retired City Judge, Dies at 81: Inglewood Man, Who Served on Bench 28 Years, Coached Eisenhower in High School. | publisher = Los Angeles Times | page = B1. | date = 1960-06-20}}
58. ^{{citation | last = Hatch | first = Gardner N. | last2 = Winter | first2 = Frank H. | title = P-51 Mustang | publisher = Turner Publishing Company | year = 1993 | location = Nashville | page = 135.}}
59. ^{{cite web | title = Hy Vandenberg Statistics and History | publisher = Baseball-Reference.com | url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/v/vandehy01.shtml | accessdate = 2011-04-23}}
60. ^{{cite news |last=Roberts |first=Steven V. |author-link=Steven V. Roberts |title=MAN IN THE NEWS: MAX MARLIN FITZWATER; The Face Is Familiar Max Marlin Fitzwater |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/29/us/man-in-the-news-max-marlin-fitzwater-the-face-is-familiar-max-marlin-fitzwater.html |date=29 November 1988 |access-date=21 May 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=6 |publisher=The New York Times Company}}
61. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Abilene,%20Kansas |title=Interactive City Directory |publisher=Sister Cities International}}

External links

{{Commons category|Abilene, Kansas}}
City
  • City of Abilene
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20111213105309/http://www.lkm.org/directory/cities.php?ID=30 Abilene - Directory of Public Officials]
Schools
  • USD 435, local school district
Historical
  • Historic Images of Abilene, Special Photo Collections at Wichita State University Library
  • Kansas Photo Tour - Eisenhower Center
  • {{YouTube|mPavJ2aPFOc|Seelye Mansion}}, from Hatteberg's People on KAKE TV news
Maps
  • Abilene City Map, KDOT
{{Dickinson County, Kansas}}{{Wild West}}

6 : Cities in Kansas|County seats in Kansas|Cities in Dickinson County, Kansas|American Old West|Populated places established in 1857|1857 establishments in Kansas Territory
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