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词条 Mir-181 microRNA precursor
释义

  1. Expression

  2. Genome location

  3. Organisms

  4. miR-181

      Chronic lymphocytic leukemia    Neuroblastoma    Myoblast differentiation    Breast cancer    Acute myeloid leukemia    Glioblastoma    Glioma    Multiple myeloma    Papillary thyroid carcinoma    Hepatocellular carcinoma  

  5. miR-181a

      T cell Sensitivity    Vascular development    Cerebellar neurodegeneration    Diabetes mellitus    Homozygous sickle cell disease    Breast cancer  

  6. miR-181b

      Colorectal cancer    Cardiac hypertrophy    Oral Carcinoma    Prostate Cancer    Adrenocortical carcinoma  

  7. miR-181c

  8. miR-181d

      Duchenne muscular dystrophy    Nemaline myopathy  

  9. References

  10. Further reading

  11. External links

{{Infobox rfam
| Name = mir-181 microRNA precursor
| image = RF00076.jpg
| width =
| caption = Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of mir-181
| Symbol = miR-181
| AltSymbols =
| Rfam = RF00076
| miRBase = MI0000269
| miRBase_family = MIPF0000007
| RNA_type = Gene; miRNA
| Tax_domain = Eukaryota
| GO = {{GO|0035195}} {{GO|0035068}}
| SO = {{SO|0001244}}
| CAS_number =
| EntrezGene =
| HGNCid =
| OMIM =
| PDB =
| RefSeq =
| Chromosome =
| Arm =
| Band =
| LocusSupplementaryData =
}}

In molecular biology miR-181 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the RNase-III type enzyme Dicer to give a ~22 nucleotide mature product. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 5' arm of the precursor. They target and modulate protein expression by inhibiting translation and / or inducing degradation of target messenger RNAs. This new class of genes has recently been shown to play a central role in malignant transformation. miRNA are downregulated in many tumors and thus appear to function as tumor suppressor genes.[1] The mature products miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-181c or miR-181d are thought to have regulatory roles at posttranscriptional level, through complementarity to target mRNAs.[2] miR-181 which has been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide number of vertebrate species as rat, zebrafish, and in the pufferfish (see below) ([https://archive.is/20121223114538/http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk/cgi-bin/sequences/mirna_summary.pl?fam=MIPF0000007 MIPF0000007]).

Expression

It has been shown that miR-181 is preferentially expressed in the B-lymphoid cells of mouse bone marrow,[3] but also in the retina and brain.[4] In humans, this microRNA is involved in the mechanisms of immunity, and in many different cancers (see below) it was found to be expressed at a particularly low level.[5]

Genome location

Human

miR-181a1 and miR-181b1 are clustered together and located on the chromosome 1 (37.p5), miR-181a2 and miR-181b2 are clustered together and located on the chromosome 9 (37.p5).[6][7][8] miR-181c and miR-181d are clustered together and located on the chromosome 19 (37.p5).[2][9][10]

Organisms

miR-181 family are present in vertebrates and nematodes{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} (this list is not exhaustive):

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • lizard (Anolis carolinensis),[11]
  • cow (Bos taurus),[12][13]
  • common carp (Cyprinus carpio),[14]
  • dog (Canis familiaris),[15]
  • Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus),[16]
  • zebrafish (Danio rerio),[2]
  • horse (Equus caballus),[17]
  • the pufferfish(Fugu rubripes),
  • chicken (Gallus gallus),[18][19]
  • gorilla (Gorilla gorilla),[20]
  • woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha),[20]
  • short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica),[21]
  • rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta),[20]
  • mouse (Mus musculus),[22]
  • pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina),[20]
  • platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus),[23]
  • medaka (Oryzias latipes),[24]
  • sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus),[25]
  • bonobo (Pan paniscus),[20]
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus),[20]
  • chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes),[20]
  • rat (Rattus norvegicus),[26]
  • tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii),[27]
  • wild boar (Sus scrofa),[20]
  • white-lipped tamarin (Saguinus labiatus),[28]
  • zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata),[29]
  • tetraodon(Tetraodon nigroviridis), the
  • western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis),[30]
  • human (Homo sapiens).[2]
{{div col end}}

miR-181

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

miR-181 may have a regulatory role with tumor suppressors genes of the human chromosome 1.[5] It has been shown that the Tcl1 oncogene is a target of miR-181a in an inhibition relation (downregulated) that would result in an action on the tumor cell growth process. miR-181 expression has a reverse correlation

with Tcl1 protein expression.[31]

Neuroblastoma

mir-181 a and b are over-expressed and act as bad prognosis maker of aggressive neuroblastoma (Stage 4) as compare to low grade stage (Stage 1;2;3 and 4S) whereas mir-181 c and d isoforms are not. In these conditions, they regulate the tumor suppressor gene CDON.[32]

Myoblast differentiation

It has been shown that miR-181 targets the homeobox protein Hox-A11 and participates in establishing muscle tissue downregulating it (a repressor of the differentiation process in mammalians and lower organisms).[33]

Breast cancer

miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-181c and miR-181d are activated by the human gene ERBB2, located on the chromosome 17. The expression of miR-181c is relevant to characterize a Breast cancer form, the HER2/neu.[34]

miR-181 is also activated by the small molecule tamoxifen.[35] One selective modulators of estrogen receptor having specific activities of tissue. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibitor) in breast tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and the proliferation of endometrial cells. miR-181 could acquire a resistance to tamoxifen, the drug is successfully used to treat women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.[35]

Acute myeloid leukemia

Downregulation of miR-181 family contributes to aggressive leukemia phenotype through mechanisms related to the activation pathways of innate immunity mediated by toll-like receptors TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8 and interleukin-1β IL1B (humans on chromose 2).[1]

Glioblastoma

miR-181a, miR-181b, and miR-181c, which are down-regulated in glioblastoma.[36] miR-181b is downregulated in glioma samples compared with the normal brain tissue. It is suggested that the downregulation of miR-181 may play a role in the development of cancer. It is shown that transfection of miR-181a and miR-181b triggers growth inhibition, apoptosis and inhibits invasion. In addition, the expression of miR-181a was found to be inversely correlated with tumor grading while miR-181b was uniformly downregulated in gliomas with different grades of malignancy.[37]

Glioma

It has been shown that downregulated miR-181a and miR-181b were also involved in the oncogenesis of gliomas. miR-181a and miR-181b function as tumor suppressors that cause inhibition of growth, induce apoptosis and inhibit invasion of glioma cells. In addition, the tumor suppressive effect of miR-181b in glioma cells was apparent that the effect of miR-181a. These aberrant results suggest that downregulated miR-181a and miR-181b may be key factors that contribute to the occurrence in malignant human gliomas.[38]

Multiple myeloma

MiRNA signature for multiple myeloma (MM) has been described, including miR-181a and miR-181b, which modulate the expression of proteins essential for the pathogenesis of myeloma. Xenograft studies using human MM cell lines treated with miR-181a and miR-181b antagonists resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth in nude mice.[39]

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

It was found that miR-181a and miR-181c are overexpressed in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma tumors, sufficiently to successfully predict cancer status.[40]

Hepatocellular carcinoma

It has been shown that conserved miR-181 family were upregulated in EpCAM+ AFP+ Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and EpCAM+ HCC isolated from AFP+ tumors. In addition, miR-181 family members were highly expressed in the embryonic liver and isolated hepatic stem cells. Especially, inhibition of miR-181 leads to a reduction of the EpCAM+, the amount of HCC cells and initiate tumor capacity, whereas exogenous miR-181 expression in HCC cells resulted in an enrichment of EpCAM+ HCC cells. miR-181 could directly target hepatic transcriptional regulators of differentiation (like homeobox 2 CDX2 and 6 GATA proteins binding GATA6) and an inhibitor of Wnt / beta-catenin. It suggests that miR-181 may eradicate HCC.[41]

miR-181a

T cell Sensitivity

The increased expression of miR-181a in mature T cells increases susceptibility to peptide antigens, while inhibiting the expression of miR-181a in immature T cells reduces sensitivity and alters the both positive and negative selection. In addition, the quantitative regulation of the sensitivity of T cells by miR-181a allows for mature T cells recognize peptide inhibitor antagonists, like agonists. These effects are achieved in part by downregulation of multiple phosphatases, which leads to high levels of steadystate phosphorylated intermediates and reducing the threshold of T cell receptor signaling. The expression of miR-181a correlates with a greater sensitivity of immature T cells in T cells, suggesting that miR-181a acts as an antigen intrinsic sensitivity "rheostat" during the development of T cells.[42]

Vascular development

It has been shown that miR-181a binds the 3' UTR of Prox1 leading to translation repression and transcript degradation. Prox1 is a homeobox transcription factor involved in development of the lymphatic endothelium.[43]

Cerebellar neurodegeneration

miR-181a has a relatively broad expression pattern and is present in neurons in numerous parts of the mouse brain. miR-181a is essential for the survival of Purkinje cells and its absence leads to a slow degeneration of these cells.[44]

Diabetes mellitus

It has been shown that there are significant correlations between the expression of miR-181a and both adipose tissue morphology and key metabolic parameters, including visceral fat area, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and circulating leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6. The expression of miR-181a may contribute to intrinsic differences between omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue.[45]

Homozygous sickle cell disease

miR-181a is over-represented in the normal hemoglobin (HbAA) erythrocytes.[46] miR-181a has been shown to play a role in the lineage differentiation in the hematopoietic system.[3]

Breast cancer

miR-181a expression is associated with survival in triple negative breast cancer. Patients with low expression have lower probability of survival over time.[47]

miR-181b

Colorectal cancer

miR-181b was significantly overexpressed in tumors compared to normal colorectal samples, especially high miR-181b expression correlated with poor survival of only black patients with stage III colorectal cancers [48] (Sequencing analysis revealed that miR-181b expression is strongly associated with mutation status of the tumor suppressor gene p53.[49]

Cardiac hypertrophy

miR-181b is downregulated during hypertrophy, it causes a reduction in cardiomyocyte cell size.[50]

Oral Carcinoma

miR-181b expression was steadily increased and is associated with increased severity of lesions during the progression of the Oral Carcinoma. Overexpression of miR-181b may play an important role in malignant transformation.[51]

Prostate Cancer

miR-181b is downregulated in cancerous cells.[52]

Adrenocortical carcinoma

Mir-210 has been suggested as a useful biomarker to distinguish adrenocortical carcinoma from adrenocortical adenoma.[53]

miR-181c

in Apoptosis

miR-181d

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

miR-181d is disregulated in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).[54]

Nemaline myopathy

miR-181d is disregulated in nemaline myopathy (NM).[54]

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39. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Pichiorri F, Suh SS, Ladetto M, Kuehl M, Palumbo T, Drandi D, Taccioli C, Zanesi N, Alder H, Hagan JP, Munker R, Volinia S, Boccadoro M, Garzon R, Palumbo A, Aqeilan RI, Croce CM | title = MicroRNAs regulate critical genes associated with multiple myeloma pathogenesis | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 105 | issue = 35 | pages = 12885–90 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18728182 | pmc = 2529070 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0806202105 }}
40. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = He H, Jazdzewski K, Li W, Liyanarachchi S, Nagy R, Volinia S, Calin GA, Liu CG, Franssila K, Suster S, Kloos RT, Croce CM, de la Chapelle A | title = The role of microRNA genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 102 | issue = 52 | pages = 19075–80 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16365291 | pmc = 1323209 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0509603102 }}
41. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Ji J, Yamashita T, Budhu A, Forgues M, Jia HL, Li C, Deng C, Wauthier E, Reid LM, Ye QH, Qin LX, Yang W, Wang HY, Tang ZY, Croce CM, Wang XW | title = Identification of microRNA-181 by genome-wide screening as a critical player in EpCAM-positive hepatic cancer stem cells | journal = Hepatology | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 472–80 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19585654 | pmc = 2721019 | doi = 10.1002/hep.22989 }}
42. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Li QJ, Chau J, Ebert PJ, Sylvester G, Min H, Liu G, Braich R, Manoharan M, Soutschek J, Skare P, Klein LO, Davis MM, Chen CZ | title = miR-181a is an intrinsic modulator of T cell sensitivity and selection | journal = Cell | volume = 129 | issue = 1 | pages = 147–61 | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17382377 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.008 | last-author-amp = yes }}
43. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Kazenwadel J, Michael MZ, Harvey NL | title = Prox1 expression is negatively regulated by miR-181 in endothelial cells | journal = Blood | volume = 116 | issue = 13 | pages = 2395–401 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20558617 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2009-12-256297 }}
44. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Schaefer A, O'Carroll D, Tan CL, Hillman D, Sugimori M, Llinas R, Greengard P | title = Cerebellar neurodegeneration in the absence of microRNAs | journal = The Journal of Experimental Medicine | volume = 204 | issue = 7 | pages = 1553–8 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17606634 | pmc = 2118654 | doi = 10.1084/jem.20070823 }}
45. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Klöting N, Berthold S, Kovacs P, Schön MR, Fasshauer M, Ruschke K, Stumvoll M, Blüher M | title = MicroRNA expression in human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue | journal = PLoS One | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = e4699 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19259271 | pmc = 2649537 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0004699 }} {{open access}}
46. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen SY, Wang Y, Telen MJ, Chi JT | title = The genomic analysis of erythrocyte microRNA expression in sickle cell diseases | journal = PLoS One | volume = 3 | issue = 6 | pages = e2360 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18523662 | pmc = 2408759 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0002360 }} {{open access}}
47. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Lánczky A, Nagy Á, Bottai G, Munkácsy G, Szabó A, Santarpia L, Győrffy B | title = miRpower: a web-tool to validate survival-associated miRNAs utilizing expression data from 2178 breast cancer patients | language = en | journal = Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | volume = 160 | issue = 3 | pages = 439–446 | date = December 2016 | pmid = 27744485 | doi = 10.1007/s10549-016-4013-7 }}
48. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Bovell LC, Shanmugam C, Putcha BD, Katkoori VR, Zhang B, Bae S, Singh KP, Grizzle WE, Manne U | title = The prognostic value of microRNAs varies with patient race/ethnicity and stage of colorectal cancer | journal = Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 19 | issue = 14 | pages = 3955–65 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23719259 | pmc = 3746330 | doi = 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3302 }}
49. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Xi Y, Formentini A, Chien M, Weir DB, Russo JJ, Ju J, Kornmann M, Ju J | title = Prognostic Values of microRNAs in Colorectal Cancer | journal = Biomarker Insights | volume = 2 | issue = | pages = 113–121 | year = 2006 | pmid = 18079988 | pmc = 2134920 | doi = }}
50. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = van Rooij E, Sutherland LB, Liu N, Williams AH, McAnally J, Gerard RD, Richardson JA, Olson EN | title = A signature pattern of stress-responsive microRNAs that can evoke cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 103 | issue = 48 | pages = 18255–60 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 17108080 | pmc = 1838739 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0608791103 }}
51. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Cervigne NK, Reis PP, Machado J, Sadikovic B, Bradley G, Galloni NN, Pintilie M, Jurisica I, Perez-Ordonez B, Gilbert R, Gullane P, Irish J, Kamel-Reid S | title = Identification of a microRNA signature associated with progression of leukoplakia to oral carcinoma | journal = Human Molecular Genetics | volume = 18 | issue = 24 | pages = 4818–29 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 19776030 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/ddp446 }}
52. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Schaefer A, Jung M, Mollenkopf HJ, Wagner I, Stephan C, Jentzmik F, Miller K, Lein M, Kristiansen G, Jung K | title = Diagnostic and prognostic implications of microRNA profiling in prostate carcinoma | journal = International Journal of Cancer | volume = 126 | issue = 5 | pages = 1166–76 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 19676045 | doi = 10.1002/ijc.24827 }}
53. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Szabó DR, Luconi M, Szabó PM, Tóth M, Szücs N, Horányi J, Nagy Z, Mannelli M, Patócs A, Rácz K, Igaz P | title = Analysis of circulating microRNAs in adrenocortical tumors | journal = Laboratory Investigation; A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology | volume = 94 | issue = 3 | pages = 331–9 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24336071 | doi = 10.1038/labinvest.2013.148 }}
54. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Eisenberg I, Eran A, Nishino I, Moggio M, Lamperti C, Amato AA, Lidov HG, Kang PB, North KN, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Flanigan KM, Neely LA, Whitney D, Beggs AH, Kohane IS, Kunkel LM | title = Distinctive patterns of microRNA expression in primary muscular disorders | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 104 | issue = 43 | pages = 17016–21 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17942673 | pmc = 2040449 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0708115104 }}

Further reading

{{refbegin|33em}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Ambros V | title = microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential | journal = Cell | volume = 107 | issue = 7 | pages = 823–6 | date = December 2001 | pmid = 11779458 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Lagos-Quintana M, Rauhut R, Meyer J, Borkhardt A, Tuschl T | title = New microRNAs from mouse and human | journal = RNA | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 175–9 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12554859 | pmc = 1370382 | doi = 10.1261/rna.2146903 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Safdar A, Abadi A, Akhtar M, Hettinga BP, Tarnopolsky MA | title = miRNA in the regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation to acute endurance exercise in C57Bl/6J male mice | journal = PLoS One | volume = 4 | issue = 5 | pages = e5610 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19440340 | pmc = 2680038 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0005610 }} {{open access}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang B, Pan X | title = RDX induces aberrant expression of microRNAs in mouse brain and liver | journal = Environmental Health Perspectives | volume = 117 | issue = 2 | pages = 231–40 | date = February 2009 | pmid = 19270793 | pmc = 2649225 | doi = 10.1289/ehp.11841 }}
{{refend}}

External links

  • {{Rfam|id=RF00076|name=mir-181 microRNA precursor}}
  • [https://archive.is/20121223114538/http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk/cgi-bin/sequences/mirna_summary.pl?fam=MIPF0000007 MIPF0000007]
{{miRNA precursor families}}

1 : MicroRNA
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