| 词条 | Mir-199 microRNA precursor |
| 释义 |
| Name = mir-199 microRNA precursor | image = RF00144.jpg | width = | caption = Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of mir-199 | Symbol = mir-199 | AltSymbols = | Rfam = RF00144 | miRBase = MI0000242 | miRBase_family = MIPF0000040 | RNA_type = Gene; miRNA | Tax_domain = Eukaryota | GO = {{GO|0035195}} {{GO|0035068}} | SO = {{SO|0001244}} | CAS_number = | EntrezGene = | HGNCid = | OMIM = | PDB = | RefSeq = | Chromosome = | Arm = | Band = | LocusSupplementaryData = }} The miR-199 microRNA precursor is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. miR-199 genes have now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in mouse, human and a further 21 other species.[1][2][3][4] microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide product. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA.[5] Origin and evolution of miR-199miR-199 has been shown to be a vertebrate specific miR family that emerge at the origin of the vertebrate lineage [6] Three paralogs of miR-199 can usually be found in non-teleost vertebrate species and 4 to 5 copies in the teleost species. All miR-199 genes are located on opposite strand of orthologous intron of Dynamin genes. Within Dynamin3 gene (Dnm3), miR-199 is associated with miR-214 and both miRs are transcribed together as a common primary transcript, demonstrated in mouse, human and zebrafish.[7] Targets and expression of miR-199miR-199 has been shown to be implicated in a wide variety of cellular and developmental mechanisms such as various cancer development and progression, cardiomyocytes protection or skeletal formation.[8] Using microarray and immunoblotting analyses it has been shown that miR-199a* targets the Met proto-oncogene.[9] MicroRNA hsa-miR-199a is a regulator of IκB kinase-β (IKKβ) expression.[10] Using TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR array methods, miRNA expression has been profiled. miR-199a, one of the most significantly overexpressed in invasive squamous cell carcinomas (ISCCs), was evaluated by transfecting cervical cancer cells (SiHa and ME-180) with anti-miR-199a oligonucleotides and the cell viability assessed. mirR-199a*, mir199a and mirR-199b were significantly overexpressed in ISCCs.[11] Implication of miR-199 in skeletogenesismiR-199, along with its cluster mate MiR-214, has been shown to be implicated in skeleton formation. In mice, miR-199 is expressed in perichondrial cells, periarticular chondrocytes, tracheal cartilage, limb mesenchyme, and most tissues in the upper and lower jaw.[7] In zebrafish, miR-199 is expressed in the developing notochord and in all tissues surrounding developing skeletal elements.[6] Comparative miRNA array led to the isolation of several Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 (BMP2)-responsive miRNAs. Among them, miR-199a* is of particular interest, because it was reported to be specifically expressed in the skeletal system and was shown to inhibit chondrogenesis by down-regulation of Smad1, a major regulator of bone and cartilage formation and development.[12] Also, Twist-1, whichis a major actor in skeleton formation, regulates miR-199 and miR-214 cluster expression in mouse.[13] Furthermore, miR199-214 cluster deletion in mouse lead to skeletal development abnormalities including craniofacial defects, neural arch and spinous processes malformations, and osteopenia.[14] Clinical relevance of miR-199Alcoholic liver disease is a common medical consequence of chronic alcohol abuse. Activation of hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an indicator of hypoxia. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a protein that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. It has been shown that ethanol-induced miR-199 down-regulation may contribute to augmented HIF-1α and ET-1 expression.[15]References1. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1261/rna.2146903 |title=New microRNAs from mouse and human |year=2003 |last1=Lagos-Quintana |first1=M. |journal=RNA |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=175–9 |pmid=12554859 |last2=Rauhut |first2=R |last3=Meyer |first3=J |last4=Borkhardt |first4=A |last5=Tuschl |first5=T |pmc=1370382}} 2. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00227-2 |title=Embryonic Stem Cell-Specific MicroRNAs |year=2003 |last1=Houbaviy |first1=Hristo B |last2=Murray |first2=Michael F |last3=Sharp |first3=Phillip A |journal=Developmental Cell |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=351–8 |pmid=12919684}} 3. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1261/rna.2141503 |title=Numerous microRNPs in neuronal cells containing novel microRNAs |year=2003 |last1=Dostie |first1=J. |journal=RNA |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=180–6 |pmid=12554860 |last2=Mourelatos |first2=Z |last3=Yang |first3=M |last4=Sharma |first4=A |last5=Dreyfuss |first5=G |pmc=1370383}} 4. ^MIPF0000040{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 5. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X |title=MicroRNAs |year=2001 |last1=Ambros |first1=Victor |journal=Cell |volume=107 |issue=7 |pages=823–6 |pmid=11779458}} 6. ^1 Desvignes, T; Postlethwait JH. 2013. Evolution of the miR199-214 cluster and vertebrate skeletal development. Submitted to RNA Biology.{{vs|date=August 2013}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.02.001 |title=A conserved noncoding intronic transcript at the mouse Dnm3 locus |year=2005 |last1=Loebel |first1=David A.F. |last2=Tsoi |first2=Bonny |last3=Wong |first3=Nicole |last4=Tam |first4=Patrick P.L. |journal=Genomics |volume=85 |issue=6 |pages=782–9 |pmid=15885504}} 8. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.3390/ijms13078449 |title=Flexible and Versatile as a Chameleon—Sophisticated Functions of microRNA-199a |year=2012 |last1=Gu |first1=Shen |last2=Chan |first2=Wai-Yee |journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=8449–66 |pmid=22942713 |pmc=3430244}} 9. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1074/jbc.M800186200 |title=MicroRNA miR-199a* Regulates the MET Proto-oncogene and the Downstream Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 2 (ERK2) |year=2008 |last1=Kim |first1=Seonhoe |last2=Lee |first2=Ui Jin |last3=Kim |first3=Mi Na |last4=Lee |first4=Eun-Ju |last5=Kim |first5=Ji Young |last6=Lee |first6=Mi Young |last7=Choung |first7=Sorim |last8=Kim |first8=Young Joo |last9=Choi |first9=Young-Chul |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=283 |issue=26 |pages=18158–66 |pmid=18456660 }} 10. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/onc.2008.112 |title=Regulation of IKKβ by miR-199a affects NF-κB activity in ovarian cancer cells |year=2008 |last1=Chen |first1=R |last2=Alvero |first2=A B |last3=Silasi |first3=D A |last4=Kelly |first4=M G |last5=Fest |first5=S |last6=Visintin |first6=I |last7=Leiser |first7=A |last8=Schwartz |first8=P E |last9=Rutherford |first9=T |last10=Mor |first10=G |journal=Oncogene |volume=27 |issue=34 |pages=4712–23 |pmid=18408758 |pmc=3041589}} 11. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1231 |title=Altered MicroRNA Expression in Cervical Carcinomas |year=2008 |last1=Lee |first1=Jeong-Won |last2=Choi |first2=Chel Hun |last3=Choi |first3=Jung-Joo |last4=Park |first4=Young-Ae |last5=Kim |first5=Seung-Jun |last6=Hwang |first6=Seung Yong |last7=Kim |first7=Woo Young |last8=Kim |first8=Tae-Joong |last9=Lee |first9=Je-Ho |last10=Kim |first10=Byoung-Gie |last11=Bae |first11=Duk-Soo |journal=Clinical Cancer Research |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=2535–42 |pmid=18451214}} 12. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1074/jbc.M807709200 |title=MiR-199a*, a Bone Morphogenic Protein 2-responsive MicroRNA, Regulates Chondrogenesis via Direct Targeting to Smad1 |year=2008 |last1=Lin |first1=Edward A. |last2=Kong |first2=Li |last3=Bai |first3=Xiao-Hui |last4=Luan |first4=Yi |last5=Liu |first5=Chuan-ju |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=284 |issue=17 |pages=11326–35 |pmid=19251704 |pmc=2670138}} 13. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/nar/gkn920 |title=Twist-1 regulates the miR-199a/214 cluster during development |year=2008 |last1=Lee |first1=Youn-Bok |last2=Bantounas |first2=Ioannis |last3=Lee |first3=Do-Young |last4=Phylactou |first4=Leonidas |last5=Caldwell |first5=Maeve A. |last6=Uney |first6=James B. |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |volume=37 |pages=123–8 |pmid=19029138 |issue=1 |pmc=2615617}} 14. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/ajmg.a.34049 |title=Distinctive phenotype in 9 patients with deletion of chromosome 1q24-q25 |year=2011 |last1=Burkardt |first1=Deepika D'Cunha |last2=Rosenfeld |first2=Jill A. |last3=Helgeson |first3=Maria L. |last4=Angle |first4=Brad |last5=Banks |first5=Valerie |last6=Smith |first6=Wendy E. |last7=Gripp |first7=Karen W. |last8=Moline |first8=Jessica |last9=Moran |first9=Rocio T. |last10=Niyazov |first10=Dmitriy M. |last11=Stevens |first11=Cathy A. |last12=Zackai |first12=Elaine |last13=Lebel |first13=Robert Roger |last14=Ashley |first14=Douglas G. |last15=Kramer |first15=Nancy |last16=Lachman |first16=Ralph S. |last17=Graham |first17=John M. |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A |volume=155 |issue=6 |pages=1336–51 |pmid=21548129 |pmc=3109510}} 15. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.0901084 |title=Ethanol-Induced Expression of ET-1 and ET-BR in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Human Endothelial Cells Involves Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 and MicroRNA-199 |year=2009 |last1=Yeligar |first1=S. |last2=Tsukamoto |first2=H. |last3=Kalra |first3=V. K. |journal=The Journal of Immunology |volume=183 |issue=8 |pages=5232–43 |pmid=19783678 |pmc=3622549}} Further reading
External links
1 : MicroRNA |
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