词条 | Mississippi's 2nd congressional district | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|state = Mississippi |district number = 2 |image name = Mississippi US Congressional District 2 (since 2013).tif |image width = 400 |image caption = Mississippi's 2nd congressional district since January 3, 2013 |representative = Bennie Thompson |party = Democratic |residence = Bolton |english area = 14,519.68 |metric area = 37,605.80 |percent urban = 62.67 |percent rural = 37.33 |population = 711,164 |population year = 2006 |median income = $35,842[1] |percent black = 63.5 |percent white = 35.0 |percent hispanic = 1.2 |percent other race = 0.6 |percent asian = 0.4 |percent native american = 0.2 |cpvi = D+14[2] }} Mississippi's 2nd congressional district (MS-2) is the only majority-black district in the U.S. state, covering much of Western Mississippi. The district includes most of Jackson, the riverfront cities of Greenville and Vicksburg and the interior market cities of Clarksdale, Greenwood and Clinton. The district is approximately {{Convert|275|mi|km}} long, {{Convert|180|mi|km}} wide and borders the Mississippi River; it encompasses much of the Mississippi Delta, and a total of 15 counties and parts of several others. The district is home to four of Mississippi's eight public four-year colleges and universities: Alcorn State University in Lorman; Delta State University in Cleveland; Jackson State University in Jackson; and Mississippi Valley State University in Itta Bena, a few miles west of Greenwood. All except Delta State are HBCUs and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. From statehood to the election of 1846, Mississippi elected representatives at-large statewide on a general ticket. This favored candidates who could command a majority of the voters, then consisting mostly of white men of property. Following Reconstruction, the Democratic Party regained control of the state legislature and worked to reduce Republican voting strength in the state. It redefined congressional districts, creating a 'shoestring' congressional district running the length of the Mississippi River and taking in the black-majority (then Republican) areas of the Mississippi Delta. By this gerrymandering, they created five other districts with white majorities.[3] Election campaigns were often accompanied by fraud and violence as Democrats tried to reduce black Republican voting. Finally, the Democratic-dominated legislature passed a new constitution in 1890, with barriers to voter registration and other measures that effectively disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites for decades, subduing the Republican and Populist movements of the late 19th century.[4] The legislature has redefined congressional districts over the years to reflect population changes in the state. Districts 5 through 8 were reallocated to the 1st, 3rd and 4th. The 2nd, bounded by the Mississippi River on the west, continues to have a black-majority population. Since the 20th-century realignment of political parties in the South following passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965, which provided federal oversight and enforcement to protect voting, African-American residents here have consistently supported Democratic party candidates. On the other hand, most white conservatives have shifted into the Republican Party, which dominates the legislature. The district is one of the poorest in the state,[5] with 26.2% of people in poverty as of 2017.[6] The district's current Representative is Democrat Bennie Thompson. Election results2016{{Election box begin no change| title = Mississippi's 2nd congressional district election, 2016 }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Bennie Thompson (inc.) |votes = 192,343 |percentage = 67.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = John Bouie II |votes = 83,542 |percentage = 29.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Troy Ray |votes = 6,918 |percentage = 2.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Reform Party (United States) |candidate = Johnny McLeod |votes = 3,823 |percentage = 1.3 }}{{Election box total no change |votes = 286,626 |percentage = 100.00 }}{{Election box hold with party link without swing |winner = Democratic Party (United States) }}{{Election box end}} 2014{{Election box begin no change| title = Mississippi's 2nd congressional district election, 2014 }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Bennie Thompson (inc.) |votes = 100,688 |percentage = 67.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Troy Ray |votes = 36,465 |percentage = 24.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Reform Party (United States) |candidate = Shelley Shoemake |votes = 11,493 |percentage = 7.7 }}{{Election box total no change |votes = 148,646 |percentage = 100.00 }}{{Election box hold with party link without swing |winner = Democratic Party (United States) }}{{Election box end}} 2012{{Election box begin no change| title = Mississippi's 2nd congressional district election, 2012 }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Bennie Thompson (inc.) |votes = 214,978 |percentage = 67.13 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Bill Marcy |votes = 99,160 |percentage = 30.96 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Cobby Williams |votes = 4,605 |percentage = 1.44 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Reform Party (United States) |candidate = Lajena Williams |votes = 1,501 |percentage = 0.47 }}{{Election box total no change |votes = 320,244 |percentage = 100.00 }}{{Election box hold with party link without swing |winner = Democratic Party (United States) }}{{Election box end}} 2010{{Election box begin no change| title = Mississippi's 2nd congressional district election, 2010 }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Bennie Thompson (inc.) |votes = 105,327 |percentage = 61.47 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Bill Marcy |votes = 64,499 |percentage = 37.64 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Reform Party (United States) |candidate = Ashley Norwood |votes = 1,530 |percentage = 0.89 }}{{Election box total no change |votes = 171,356 |percentage = 100.00 }}{{Election box hold with party link without swing |winner = Democratic Party (United States) }}{{Election box end}} 2008{{Election box begin| title=United States House election, 2008: Mississippi District 2}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Bennie G. Thompson |votes = 201,606 |percentage = 69.05 |change = +4.78}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Richard Cook |votes = 90,364 |percentage = 30.95 |change = -4.78}}{{Election box turnout |votes = 291,970 |percentage = |change =}}{{Election box majority |votes = 111,242 |percentage = 38.10 |change = }}{{Election box end}} 2006{{Election box begin| title=United States House election, 2006: Mississippi District 2}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Bennie G. Thompson |votes = 100,168 |percentage = 64.27 |change = +5.89}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Yvonne R. Brown |votes = 55,672 |percentage = 35.73 |change = -4.91}}{{Election box turnout |votes = 155,832 |percentage = |change =}}{{Election box majority |votes = 44,496 |percentage = 28.55 |change = }}{{Election box end}} 2004{{Election box begin| title=United States House election, 2004: Mississippi District 2}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Bennie G. Thompson |votes = 154,626 |percentage = 58.38 |change = +3.24}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Clinton B. LeSueur |votes = 107,647 |percentage = 40.64 |change = -2.11}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Reform Party (United States) |candidate = Shawn O'Hara |votes = 2,596 |percentage = 0.98 |change = -1.12}}{{Election box turnout |votes = 264,869 |percentage = |change =}}{{Election box majority |votes = 46,979 |percentage = 17.74 |change = }}{{Election box end}} 2002{{Election box begin| title=United States House election, 2002: Mississippi District 2}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Bennie G. Thompson |votes = 89,913 |percentage = 55.14 |change = -9.93}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Clinton B. LeSueur |votes = 69,711 |percentage = 42.75 |change = +11.54}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Reform Party (United States) |candidate = Lee F. Dilworth |votes = 3,426 |percentage = 2.10 |change = +0.87}}{{Election box turnout |votes = 163,050 |percentage = |change =}}{{Election box majority |votes = 20,202 |percentage = 12.39 |change = }}{{Election box end}} 2000{{Election box begin| title=United States House election, 2000: Mississippi District 2}}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Bennie G. Thompson |votes = 112,777 |percentage = 65.07 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Hardy Caraway |votes = 54,090 |percentage = 31.21 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Libertarian Party (United States) |candidate = William G. Chipman |votes = 4,305 |percentage = 2.48 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Reform Party (United States) |candidate = Lee F. Dilworth |votes = 2,135 |percentage = 1.23 |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 173,307 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = 58,687 |percentage = 33.86 |change = }}{{Election box end}} List of representatives
Historical district boundaries{{clear}}See also{{portal|United States|Mississippi}}
References1. ^https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=28&cd=02 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://cookpolitical.com/file/Arranged_by_State_District.pdf|title=Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress|publisher=The Cook Political Report|date=April 7, 2017|accessdate=April 7, 2017}} 3. ^Eric Foner, Reconstruction, 1863-1877, New York: Perennial Classics, p. 590. 4. ^Michael Perman, Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888-1908 (2000), ch 4. 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://about.bgov.com/blog/rich-poor-young-old-congressional-districts-glance/|title=Rich, poor, young, old: Congressional districts at a glance {{!}} Bloomberg Government|date=2017-09-15|work=Bloomberg Government|access-date=2018-11-21|language=en-US}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.frac.org/maps/acs-poverty/tables/tab1-acs-poverty-cd-2017.html|title=datatables|website=www.frac.org|access-date=2018-11-21}}
1 : Congressional districts of Mississippi |
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