| 词条 | Mizu shōbai |
| 释义 |
While the actual origin of the term mizu-shōbai[1] is debatable, it is likely the term came into use during the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868).[2] The Tokugawa period saw the development of large bathhouses and an expansive network of roadside inns offering "hot baths and sexual release",[3] as well as the expansion of geisha districts and courtesan quarters in cities and towns throughout the country. Bearing relation to the pleasure-seeking aspects of ukiyo (浮世, with its antithetical homophone 憂世 "sorrowful cycle of existence"), or "the floating world", mizu-shōbai is a metaphor for floating, drinking, and the impermanence of life, akin to the Western expression: "Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die" (Isaiah 22:13).[4] According to one theory proposed by the Nihon Gogen Daijiten,[5] the term comes from the Japanese expression {{nihongo|"Gain or loss is a matter of chance"|勝負は水物だ|shōbu wa mizumono da}}, where the literal meaning of the phrase "matter of chance", {{nihongo|mizumono|水物}}, is "a matter of water". In the entertainment business, income depends on a large number of fickle factors like popularity among customers, the weather, the state of the economy; success and failure change as rapidly as the flow of water. The Nihon Zokugo Daijiten,[6] on the other hand, notes that the term may derive from the expression {{nihongo|doromizu-kagyō|泥水稼業}}, lit. "muddy water earning business", for earning a living in the red-light districts or from the Edo-era expression {{nihongo|mizuchaya|水茶屋}} for a public teahouse.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} See also
References1. ^Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Tokyo 1991, {{ISBN|4-7674-2015-6}} {{Prostitution in Japan}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mizu shobai}}2. ^{{cite web|last=De Mente|first=Boyé Lafayette | title = Selling sex in a glass! — Japan's pleasure trades | url=http://www.davidappleyard.com/japan/jp23.htm | accessdate=2006-10-03}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.davidappleyard.com/japan/jp23.htm |title=Selling sex in a glass - Japan's pleasure trades|first=David V.|last=Appleyard|work=davidappleyard.com|accessdate=28 June 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://gogen-allguide.com/u/ukiyo.html |title=浮世（うきよ） - 語源由来辞典 |publisher=Gogen-allguide.com |date=2016-05-19 |accessdate=2016-06-28}} 5. ^前田富祺(編)『日本語源大辞典』(小学館){{ISBN|4095011815}}。 6. ^米川明彦(編)『日本俗語大辞典』(東京堂出版) {{ISBN|4490106386}} 参照。 3 : Japanese sex terms|Sexuality in Japan|Euphemisms |
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