词条 | Destiny (Janáček) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = Destiny | composer = Leoš Janáček | image = Leos Janacek relief.jpg | image_upright = 1.1 | caption = Relief of the composer by Julius Pelikán | native_name = Osud | native_name_lang = cz | librettist = {{plainlist|
}} | language = Czech | based_on = | premiere_date = {{Start date|1958}} | premiere_location = {{Nowrap|National Theatre, Brno}} }}Destiny (also known as Fate, {{lang-cs|Osud}}) is an opera in three acts by Leoš Janáček to a Czech libretto by the composer and Fedora Bartošová. Janáček began the work in 1903 and completed it in 1907. The inspiration for the opera came from a visit by Janáček in the summer of 1903, after the death of his daughter Olga, to the spa at Luhačovice. There, Janáček met Kamila Urválková, who had been the subject of an opera by Ludvík Čelanský, Kamila, where she felt that Čelanský had falsely depicted her personality. After learning that Janáček was a composer, Urválková persuaded Janáček to write another opera to counteract Čelanský's portrait of her.[1] Janáček submitted the opera to the Brno Theatre in 1906, and to the Vinohrady Theatre in Prague in 1907, but both theatres rejected the score. The score stayed with the Vinohrady Theatre even after Janáček had threatened lawsuits against the theatre and after the Brno theatre made offers of a possible production.[1] The work did not receive a hearing until after Janáček's death, in 1934 on Brno Radio. Performance historyOsud was given in concert form in Brno in 1934, 1948[2] and 1954, all conducted by Břetislav Bakala.[3] The first staging was in 1958 in Brno, conducted by František Jílek, as part of a complete cycle of operas at the 1958 Janáček Festival, in commemoration of the 30th anniversary of Janáček's death.[4] However, the structure of the plot was altered from the original to give the story a "flashback" format, where the story begins with Act 3 and interpolates Act 1 and Act 2 as the "flashbacks", before returning to finish Act 3.[1] One day after the Brno stage premiere, a version where the libretto was considerably revised (by Kurt Honolka) was produced at Stuttgart Opera.[2] The first UK staging was in 1984 at English National Opera, in a translation by David Pountney, but with Janáček's original plot structure intact. The first US production was in July 2003 at the Bard Summerscape Festival.[5] Scholars have criticised weaknesses in the plot as the reason for the opera's neglect.[6] Roles
SynopsisAct 1Míla and the composer Živný were once lovers, but Míla’s mother ended the relationship in hopes of a more advantageous match for her daughter. Alas, Míla was already pregnant and is now a single mother, unlikely to marry anyone else. She and Živný meet again for the first time amid the amusements of a spa town. They sneak off together and rekindle their love, but her mother tracks them down in the crowd and predicts disaster. Act 2Four years later Živný and Míla are married, but her mother lives with them and has become mentally fragile. While their young son Doubek plays, the couple read through the unfinished opera Živný began during their separation. It is filled with bitterness against Míla, portraying her as faithless. Míla’s mother, losing her mind completely, repeats snatches of music from the opera before rushing to throw herself off a balcony. Attempting to restrain her mother, Míla too is pulled over, and both are killed. Act 3Eleven years later, Živný’s opera is at last to be performed, although it remains unfinished. He rehearses a chorus from the opera with his students, among them Doubek, now a young man. Another student, Verva, guesses that the hero of the opera is the composer himself. Through the music, Živný again relives his love for Míla and his cruelty to her. Tormented by regret, he asks Doubek to fetch a glass of water and then collapses. The end of the opera must remain in God’s hands. Recordings
References
1. ^1 2 Tyrrell, John, "Janáček's Fate" (January 1972). The Musical Times, 113 (1547): pp. 34–37. 2. ^1 Desmond Shawe-Taylor. Janáček celebrations at Brno. Opera, January 1959, Vol.10 No.1, p18-24. 3. ^1 2 Simeone, Nigel. Note accompanying 'Břetislav Bakala conducts Janáček - The legendary Brno Radio opera broadcasts and other recordings'. CRQ Editions, 2017. 4. ^Amis, John, "Reports from Abroad: Janáček Festival at Brno" (December 1958). The Musical Times, 99 (1390): pp. 674–676. 5. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/arts/opera-review-janacek-s-search-for-art-in-real-life.html?pagewanted=all | title=Janacek's Search For Art In Real Life | work=New York Times | author=Anne Midgette | date=2003-07-29 | accessdate=2008-05-01}} 6. ^Hinton, Stephen, "First Performances: Osud" (December 1984). Tempo (New Ser.), 151: pp. 52–53. 7. ^Tyrrell, John, Review of recording of Osud (Fate) (1981). The Musical Times, 122 (1663): p. 608 8. ^{{cite journal | url=http://oq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/9/2/156 | last=McKee | first=David | title=Osud. Leoš Janáček | journal=The Opera Quarterly | volume=9 | issue=2 | pages=156–159 | year=1992 | accessdate=2008-01-01 | doi=10.1093/oq/9.2.156}}
External links
5 : Czech-language operas|Operas by Leoš Janáček|Operas|1907 operas|1934 operas |
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