词条 | Mobile number portability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Mobile number portability (MNP) enables mobile telephone users to retain their mobile telephone numbers when changing from one mobile network carrier to another. General overview{{unreferenced section|date=April 2014}}Mobile number portability is implemented in different ways across the globe. The International and European standard is for a customer wishing to port his/her number to contact the new network (recipient), which then sends the number portability request (NPR) to the current network (donor). This is known as "recipient-led" porting. The UK and India are the only exceptions to implement the donor-led system. The customer wishing to port his/her number is required to contact the donor to obtain (PAC) in the UK and Unique Porting Code (UPC) in India) which is then given to the recipient network. The recipient continues the porting process by contacting the donor with a porting code. This form of porting is known as "donor-led" and has been criticised by some industry analysts as being inefficient, though it prevents MNP scams. It has also been observed that it may act as customer deterrent as well as allowing the donor an opportunity of "winning back" the customer. This might lead to distortion of competition, especially in the markets with new entrants that are yet to achieve scalability of operation. Based on the recommendations of the Authority on MNP, dated 8 March 2006, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) issued guidelines for MNP implementation in the country on 1st Aug 2008. Subsequently, the DoT selected two companies as MNP Service providers each serving in a designated zone in the country. As per the instructions of DoT dated 6 May 2009, a Port Transaction Charge will be charged by the MNP Service Provider from the recipient carrier for processing each porting request. The Dipping charge shall be payable by those telecom service providers who utilize the dipping services (query response services) from the MNP Service Provider. The Porting Charge is payable by the subscriber to the recipient carrier for porting his mobile number. The port transaction charge, dipping charges and the porting charge shall be governed by the Telecom Tariff Order (TTO)/ determination by TRAI. Technical details{{refimprove section|date=April 2014}}A significant technical aspect of MNP is related to the routing of calls or mobile messages (SMS, MMS) to a number once it has been ported. There are various flavours of call routing implementation across the globe but the International and European best practice is via the use of a central database (CDB) of ported numbers. A network operator makes copies of the CDB and queries it to find out to which network to send a call. According to RFC3482, this is also known as All Call Query (ACQ) and is highly efficient and scalable. A majority of the established and upcoming MNP systems across the world are based on this ACQ/CDB method of call routing. One of the very few countries not to use ACQ/CDB is the UK, where once a number has been ported, calls to that number are still routed via the donor network. This is also known as "indirect routing" and is highly inefficient as it is wasteful of transmission and switching capacity. Because of its donor dependent nature, indirect routing also means that if the donor network develops a fault or goes out of business, the customers who have ported numbers out of that network will lose incoming calls to their numbers.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} The UK telecoms regulator Ofcom completed its extended review of the UK MNP process on 29 November 2007, and mandated that ACQ/CDB be implemented for mobile to mobile ported calls by no later than 1 September 2009.{{Update after|2009|09|01|reason=did this happen}} Prior to March 2008 it took a minimum of 5 working days to port a number in the UK compared to 3.5 working days in Pakistan, 2 hours in United States, as low as 20 minutes in the Republic of Ireland, 3 minutes in Australia and even a matter of seconds in New Zealand. On 17 July 2007, Ofcom released its conclusions from the review of the UK MNP and mandated reduction of porting time to 2 working days effective 1 April 2008. On 29 November 2007, Ofcom completed a round of consultations on further reduction of porting time to 2 hours along with recipient-led porting and mandated that near-instant (no more than 2 hours) recipient-led porting be implemented by no later than 1 September 2009. However, in early 2008 Vodafone UK appealed the Ofcom statement before the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT), and on 18 September 2008, CAT ruled in favor of the appeal, returning the matter back to Ofcom for reconsideration. On 8 July 2010, Ofcom issued a final statement, retaining the donor-led process, mandating a two-hour PAC release time, and reducing the porting time from two to one working day.[1] In a decentralised model of MNP, a FNR (flexible number register) may be used to manage a database of ported out/ported in numbers for call routing. Number lookup servicesService providers and carriers who route messages and voice calls to MNP-enabled countries might use home location register (HLR) query services to find out the correct network of a mobile phone number. A number of such services exist, which query the operator's HLR over the SS7 signalling network in order to determine the current network of a specified mobile phone number prior to attempted routing of messaging or voice traffic. Impact of MNP on mobile carriers and customersMNP is important for telecoms markets because it removes a bar to switching that keeps those with much equity in the number – in particular many business users – prisoner behind a high switching barrier. The reduction in barriers to switching is of particular benefit to challenger carriers against dominant incumbents. Typically, when MNP is implemented in a country, a rise in churn follows. The caller / customer experience of portability can vary by country. For example, in Portugal any call to a ported mobile number includes an announcement that the number has been ported.[2] Uptake of porting varies considerably by market: A report by Irish regulator Comreg shows over 3 million Irish mobile numbers ported between 2004 and 2013,[3] whereas in Portugal, with a much larger population of mobile users, only a little over one million numbers ported in a similar period. The Americas
Central Asia
Asia Pacific
Europe
Middle East and Africa
See also
References1. ^Ofcom. "Changes to the Mobile Number Porting Process, Final Statement", London, 8 July 2010. Retrieved on 6 May 2013 {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2010}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mobile Number Portability}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.anacom.pt/render.jsp?categoryId=39090|title=ANACOM - Enquiry services|first=|last=ANACOM|website=www.anacom.pt}} 3. ^1 http://www.comreg.ie/_fileupload/publications/ComReg1356.pdf 4. ^{{cite web|title=Mobile Portability in Argentina|url=http://www.aftic.gob.ar/portabilidad-numerica_p160|website=AFTIC.gob.ar|publisher=AFTIC|accessdate=24 November 2015|language=spanish}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.portabilidadnumerica.gov.ar/|title=Argentina|publisher=|access-date=5 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712214404/http://www.portabilidadnumerica.gov.ar/|archive-date=12 July 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abrtelecom.com.br/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=54&Itemid=73|title=ABR Telecom - Brazilian Association of Telecommunication Resources|website=www.abrtelecom.com.br}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.santiagotimes.cl/business/economy-a-trade/23241-chile-introduces-mobile-phone-portability|title=Chile|publisher=}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elespectador.com/tecnologia/portabilidad-numerica-entra-vigencia-viernes-articulo-287678|title=Portabilidad numérica entra en vigencia este viernes - ELESPECTADOR.COM|date=28 July 2011|publisher=}} 9. ^Dominican Republic 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2008/04/15/index.php?section=economia&article=024n2eco|title=Desde el 5 de julio regirá la portabilidad numérica - La Jornada|first=La|last=Jornada|website=www.jornada.unam.mx}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.siget.gob.sv/index.php/novedades/noticias/1-noticias-ciudadano/2507-la-portabilidad-numerica-una-historia-de-exito-otro-compromiso-cumplido |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-08-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107102222/http://www.siget.gob.sv/index.php/novedades/noticias/1-noticias-ciudadano/2507-la-portabilidad-numerica-una-historia-de-exito-otro-compromiso-cumplido |archivedate=7 January 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.presidencia.gob.sv/portabilidad-numerica-otro-compromiso-cumplido-por-el-presidente-sanchez-ceren/|title=Portabilidad numérica, otro compromiso cumplido por el presidente Sánchez Cerén|publisher=}} 13. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDARD/pc=PC_1787 |title=Australia |access-date=3 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020062528/http://www.acma.gov.au/web/STANDARD//pc%3DPC_1787#20 |archive-date=20 October 2009 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ofca.gov.hk/en/industry_focus/telecommunications/portability/mnp/index.html|title=Office of the Communications Authority - Mobile Number Portability|website=www.ofca.gov.hk}} 15. ^https://m.economictimes.com/industry/telecom/telecom-news/trai-cuts-porting-time-within-a-circle-to-2-days-to-fine-telcos-for-flouting-rules/articleshow/65954355.cms 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/tech/tech-news/National-Number-Portability-approved-Retain-your-mobile-number-while-shifting-cities/articleshow/46368669.cms|title=National Number Portability approved: Retain your mobile number while shifting cities|author=Pankaj Doval|date=February 25, 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trai.gov.in/content/RegulationUser.aspx?id=0&qid=9|title=TRAI|publisher=|access-date=6 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115030626/http://trai.gov.in/Content/RegulationUser.aspx?id=0&qid=9|archive-date=15 January 2013|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mnpindia.in/porting-procedure.aspx?id=0&qid=9|title=::MNP Interconnection Telecom Solutions India Pvt Ltd::|website=www.mnpindia.in}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mnpindia.in/know-your-porting-status.aspx|title=::MNP Interconnection Telecom Solutions India Pvt Ltd::|website=www.mnpindia.in}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.haveeru.com.mv/business/67040|title=Maldives introduces mobile number portability|publisher=|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315170943/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/business/67040|archive-date=15 March 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.haveeru.com.mv/business/67248|title=Maldives launches mobile number portability|publisher=|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315155539/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/business/67248|archive-date=15 March 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cam.gov.mv/docs/mnp/Customer-guide_availing-MNP_Final-9-3-2016.pdf|title=Customer Guide for availing the facility of Mobile Number Portability (MNP)|publisher=}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.softbank.jp/en/mobile/shop/buy/mnp/|title=Switchover/MNP (Mobile Number Portability) - How to purchase or reserve - SoftBank Shop - Mobile - SoftBank|publisher=}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eurotechnology.com/2006/09/14/mobile-number-portability-mnp-in-japan-2/|title=Mobile number portability (MNP) in Japan|first=|last=g_fasol|date=14 September 2006|publisher=}} 25. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=https://telqtele.com/countries-with-mnp-map/|title=Mobile Number Portability MAP. MNP interactive online map.|publisher=}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.maxis.com.my/mnp/faq.asp|title=Maxis Telecommunication MNP FAQ|publisher=}} 27. ^Celcom Telecommunication MNP FAQ 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.digi.com.my/switch/faq.html|title=Switch to DiGi FAQ|publisher=|access-date=30 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927091939/http://www.digi.com.my/switch/faq.html|archive-date=27 September 2010|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://mnp-malaysia.blogspot.com/2008/10/mnp-malaysia-launched-nationwide-in.html|title=MNP Malaysia-launched Nationwide in October|publisher=}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://pmdpk.com|title=Pakistan Mobile Number Portability Database (Guarantee) Limited|website=pmdpk.com}} 31. ^It's confirmed – Singapore has incomplete number portability 32. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/95306|title=手機門號攜碼移轉程序變快:今天申請,明天就生效!|work=iThome|access-date=2018-09-21|language=zh-hant}} 33. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/2143868|title=手機攜碼換電信公司「費用減半」 明年2月降至112元 - 生活 - 自由時報電子報|access-date=2018-09-21}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/business/corporate/30304311|title=Number portability service approved - The Nation|publisher=}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.balkanweb.com/kryesore/1/firmoset-marreveshja-per-portabilitetin-e-numrave-celulare-53369.html|title=Balkanweb News Agency|publisher=|access-date=22 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517121809/http://www.balkanweb.com/kryesore/1/firmoset-marreveshja-per-portabilitetin-e-numrave-celulare-53369.html|archive-date=17 May 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/business/2176090.html|title=Оператор мобильной связи Азербайджана запустил услугу переноса номеров|date=1 August 2013|publisher=}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.1news.az/economy/tech/20130802054950625.html|title=Azerfon приступил к оказанию услуги «Перенос мобильных номеров»|first=1st|last=news|publisher=}} 38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lemontel.com.cy/index.php/home/change-your-service-to-lemontel |title=Change your service to Lemontel |publisher=Lemontel.com.cy |date= |accessdate=2013-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129230037/http://www.lemontel.com.cy/index.php/home/change-your-service-to-lemontel |archive-date=29 January 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.telegeography.com/cu/article.php?article_id=10851|title=MNP a reality, but how many users will notice?|first=|last=TeleGeography|website=www.telegeography.com}} 40. ^Nummerflytning - Telia 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.numpac.fi/index.php?site=127|title=Suomen numerot NUMPAC Oy: Numpac in English|website=www.numpac.fi}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.coderio.fr |title=Code RIO (French) |publisher=CodeRIO.fr}} 43. ^{{fr}} 3 days maximum time-to-port Arcep, November 2011 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rufnummermitnehmen.com/ |title=Rufnummer Mitnehmen (German) |publisher=rufnummermitnehmen.com}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/media/archive/944.pdf|title=Germany|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060810043015/http://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/media/archive/944.pdf|archivedate=10 August 2006|df=dmy-all}} 46. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portare.md/en/pages/porting%20procedure%20for%20mobile%20numbers |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517153227/http://www.portare.md/en/pages/porting%20procedure%20for%20mobile%20numbers |archivedate=17 May 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/Official/word/ECCRep031rev1.doc|title=EEC report MNP in Europe|publisher=|access-date=26 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085517/http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/Official/word/ECCRep031rev1.doc|archive-date=19 July 2011|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.anacom.pt/render.jsp?categoryId=344151 |title=ANACOM - Table of prices (reported up to the second half of 2012) |publisher=Anacom.pt |date= |accessdate=2013-06-21}} 49. ^{{cite web|url=http://portabilitate.ro/ro-a151-%C3%AEncep%C3%A2nd-de-ast%C4%83zi,-un-num%C4%83r-de-telefon-se-poate-porta-%C3%AEn-3-zile |title=Portabilitate |publisher=Portabilitate.ro |date= |accessdate=2013-06-21}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.portabilitate.ro/|title=PORTABILITATE|website=www.portabilitate.ro}} 51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rg.ru/2013/07/22/svyaz-site-dok.html |title=Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 15 июля 2013 г. N 599 "О внесении изменений в Правила оказания услуг подвижной связи" |publisher=Российская Газета}} 52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rg.ru/2012/11/23/nomer-site-dok.html |title=Проект Федерального закона Российской Федерации "О внесении изменений в Федеральный Закон ""О связи"" |publisher=Российская Газета}} 53. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mobilenumberportability.ru |title=Mobile Number Portability in Russia Guidelines (English) |publisher=MobileNumberPortability.ru |access-date=27 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201215556/http://www.mobilenumberportability.ru/ |archive-date=1 February 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.portabilidadmovil.es |title=Mobile Number Portability in Spain Guidelines (Spanish) |publisher=portabilidadmovil.es}} 55. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.telenor.se/privat/kundservice/bestalla-pa-webben/nummerflytt.html |title=Telenor - Kundservice - Nummerflytt |publisher=Telenor.se |date= |accessdate=2013-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128120920/http://www.telenor.se/privat/kundservice/bestalla-pa-webben/nummerflytt.html |archive-date=28 January 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 56. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.tewss.telia.se/privat/katalog/VisaProdukt.do?productRef=/privat/mobilt/abonnemang/valjtelia/valjtelia.212811.product |title=Byt till Telia - Mobil telefoni - Privat - Telia.se |publisher=Tewss.telia.se |date=2013-04-04 |accessdate=2013-06-21}} 57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www1.orange.ch/en/common/contact/join-orange/switch-to-orange/ |title=Switching To Orange - Orange Communications SA/AG |publisher=.orange.ch |date= |accessdate=2013-06-21}} 58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.paccodes.co.uk |title=PAC Codes |publisher=PACcodes.co.uk}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mobilenumberportability.co.uk/|title=Keep your mobile phone number when you switch networks. Transfer your mobile phone number to another mobile phone operator. Mobile Number Portability UK|first=|last=www.mobilenumberportability.co.uk|website=www.mobilenumberportability.co.uk}} 60. ^Phone Number Portability and Its Implementation in Telephone Networks in Israel – FAQ. Israel Ministry of Communications {{he icon}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ncc.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=359&Itemid=|title=Mobile Number Portability FAQ - Nigerian Communications Commission|publisher=}} 1 : Mobile telecommunications standards |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。