| 词条 | Mohammad Ali Foroughi |
| 释义 |
| name = Mohammad-Ali Foroughi | native_name = {{lang|fa|محمدعلی فروغی}} | image = Foroughi PM1314.jpg | birth_date = 1 January 1875 | birth_place = Tehran, Iran | death_date = {{death date and age|1942|11|26|1875|1|1|df=y}} | death_place = Tehran, Iran | resting_place = Ibn Babawayh Cemetery | order1 = 22nd | office1 = Prime Minister of Iran | deputy1 = | term_start1 = 27 August 1941 | term_end1 = 9 March 1942 | monarch1 = Reza Shah Mohammad Reza Shah | predecessor1 = Ali Mansur | successor1 = Ali Soheili | deputy2 = | term_start2 = 18 September 1933 | term_end2 = 3 December 1935 | monarch2 = Reza Shah | predecessor2 = Mehdi Qoli Hedayat | successor2 = Mahmoud Jam | term_start3 = 1 November 1925 | term_end3 = 13 June 1926 | monarch3 = Reza Shah | predecessor3 = Rēzā Pahlavi | successor3 = Mostowfi ol-Mamalek |office4 = Minister of Finance |term_start4 = 1 September 1924 |term_end4 = 1 November 1925 |primeminister4 = Reza Khan |term_start5 = 15 June 1923 |term_end5 = 26 October 1923 |primeminister5 = Hassan Pirnia |term_start6 = 14 March 1915 |term_end6 = 1 May 1915 |primeminister6 = Hassan Pirnia |term_start7 = 24 May 1913 |term_end7 = 3 June 1913 |primeminister7 = Saad ad-Daula |office8 = Minister of Foreign Affairs |term_start8 = 28 October 1923 |term_end8 = 1 September 1924 |primeminister8 = Reza Khan |term_start9 = 14 February 1923 |term_end9 = 15 June 1923 |primeminister9 = Mostowfi ol-Mamalek |office10 = Minister of Justice |term_start10 = 3 June 1913 |term_end10 = 6 December 1914 |primeminister10 = Saad ad-Daula Mostowfi ol-Mamalek |office11 = Speaker of the Parliament |term_start11 = 6 July 1912 |term_end11 = 10 July 1912 |predecessor11 = Mirza Esmaiel Khan |successor11 = Hossein Pirnia | office12 = Member of the Parliament of Iran | constituency12 = Tehran | term_start12 = 19 November 1909 | term_end12 = 3 August 1921 | party = Revival Party | alma_mater = Tehran School of Political Sciences Dar ul-Funun | religion = | spouse = | children = 6 | website = }}{{Contains Perso-Arabic text}} Mohammad Ali Foroughi (1 January 1875[1][2][3] – 26 November 1942, {{lang-fa|محمدعلی فروغی}}) also known as Zoka-ol-Molk (Persian: ذُکاءالمُلک) was a teacher, diplomat, nationalist, writer, politician and Prime Minister of Iran. Early life and educationForoughi was born in Tehran to a merchant family from Isfahan. His ancestor, Mirza Abutorab was the representative of Isfahan in Mugan plain during Nader Shah Afshar's coronation. His grandfather, Mohammad Mehdi Arbab Isfahani, was amongst the most influential merchants of Isfahan and was skilled in history and geography. His father Mohammad Hosein Foroughi was the translator of the Shah from Arabic and French. He was also a poet and published a newspaper called Tarbiat. Naser al-Din Shah Qajar nicknamed Mohammad Hosein, Foroughi, after hearing a poem that he had written. Many sources alleged that Foroughi's ancestors were Baghdadi Jews who came to Isfahan and converted to Islam.[4] During occupation of Iran in the second world war, Nazi Germany often emphasized this alleged Jewish ancestry in radio broadcasts.[5] During his early life, Foroughi studied at the élite Dar ul-Funun (House of Sciences) in Tehran. CareerIn 1907, Foroughi's father died, and thus Foroughi inherited his father's title of Zoka-ol-Molk.[6] During the same year, Foroughi became the dean of the College of Political Sciences. In 1909, he entered politics as a member of Majlis (Parliament), representing Tehran. He subsequently became speaker of the house and later minister in several cabinets as well as prime minister three times and once as the acting prime minister when Reza Khan resigned as prime minister to take up the crown as Reza Shah. In 1912, he became the president of the Iranian Supreme Court. Later he was appointed prime minister and dismissed in 1935 due to the father of his son-in-law's, Muhammad Vali Asadi, alleged participation in the riot in Mashhad against the reforms implemented by Reza Shah.[7] However, later Foroughi regained his status and became Prime Minister during the initial phase of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's reign.[7] Foroughi as a prime minister was instrumental in having Mohammad Reza Pahlavi proclaimed as king after his father, Reza Shah, was forced to abdicate (16 September 1941) and exiled by the allied forces of the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union during World War II. After the collapse of his cabinet, he was named Minister of Court and then named ambassador of Iran to the United States of America, but he died in Tehran at the age of 67 before he could assume the post. BooksForoughi wrote numerous books, including The History of Iran, The History of the Ancient Peoples of The East, A Short History of Ancient Rome, Constitutional Etiquette, A Concise Course in Physics, Far-fetched Thoughts, The Wisdom of Socrates, The History of Philosophy in Europe, My Message to the Academy of Language (Farhangestan), The Rules of Oratory or The Technique of Speech Making, a book on the Shahnameh (The Book of Kings). {{Clarify|date=July 2011}} In addition to this, he prepared scholarly editions of the works of Saadi, Hafez, Rumi, Omar Khayyam and Ferdowsi. His son Mohsen Foroughi was a renowned architect who completed his studies in France and designed Niavarān Palace Complex, which is situated in the northern part of Tehran, Iran. It consists of several buildings and a museum. The Sahebqraniyeh Palace of the time of Nasir al-Din Shah of Qajar dynasty is also inside this complex. The main Niavaran Palace, completed in 1968, was the primary residence of the last Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the Imperial family until the Iranian Revolution.Franz Malekebrahimian worked directly under Mohsen Foruoghi in implementation and maintenance of the Palace. See also
References1. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=5hpuAAAAMAAJ&q=Mohammad+Ali+Foroughi+1875&dq=Mohammad+Ali+Foroughi+1875&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi80-CT9L_YAhUJthQKHd5ODFkQ6AEIKzAC] 2. ^http://seemorgh.com/culture/history-and-civilization/history-and-civilization-of-iran/274314-با-محمدعلی-فروغی-آشنا-شوید/ 3. ^https://cgie.org.ir/fa/news/181533 4. ^Mina Shahmiri, A look at the life of Mohammad Ali Foroughi, in the midst of culture and power, Etemad Newspaper, No 1842, 2008. 5. ^Bagher Agheli, A biography of political and military figures in contemporary Iran, Elm publishing, Tehran, 2001. 6. ^Amanat: FORŪGĪ, MOḤAMMAD-ʿALĪ ḎOKĀʾ-AL-MOLK. Encyclopedia Iranica, 1999, pp. 108–112. 7. ^1 {{cite book|author=Gholam Reza Afkhami|title=The Life and Times of the Shah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&pg=PP2|accessdate=4 November 2012|date=27 October 2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-25328-5|pages=35}} Sources
External links{{commons category|Mohammad Ali Foroughi}}
12 : 1875 births|1942 deaths|People from Tehran|Revival Party politicians|Prime Ministers of Iran|Government ministers of Iran|Iranian writers|Iranian literary scholars|Members of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature|Speakers of the National Consultative Assembly|Members of the 2nd Iranian Majlis|Members of the 3rd Iranian Majlis |
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