| 词条 | Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = |name = Younis al-Ahmed |native_name = محمد يونس الأحمد |native_name_lang = |honorific-suffix = |image = Muhammad Yunis al-Ahmad.jpg |imagesize = 200px |alt = |caption = |order = | office = Regional Secretary of the Regional Command of the Iraqi Regional Branch |term_start = 3 January 2007 {{small|(in opposition to Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri)}} |term_end = |alongside = |vicepresident = |viceprimeminister = |deputy = |succeeding = |predecessor = Saddam Hussein |successor = |birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1949}} |birth_place = al-Mowall, Mosul Province, Kingdom of Iraq |death_date = |death_place = |restingplace = |restingplacecoordinates = |birthname = |citizenship = |nationality = | party = Iraqi Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party |nickname = Khadr al-Sabahi |allegiance = {{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} Ba'athist Iraq (to 2003) {{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} Iraqi Ba'ath Party |branch = Iraqi Army (to 2003) |serviceyears = |rank = |unit = Political Guidance Directorate |commands = al-Awda (from 2003) |battles = Iraq War |awards = }} Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed al-Muwali ({{lang-ar|محمد يونس الأحمد}}) aka Khadr al-Sabahi is a former senior member of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party. Ahmed currently has a million dollar bounty placed on his head as one of Iraq's most wanted men accused of funding and leading resistance operations.[1] He is the leader of al-Awda; an underground Ba'athist movement in Iraq. Early life and career in Ba'athist IraqAhmed was born in 1949 in al-Mowall in the Kingdom of Iraq's Mosul Province,[2] and rose in the ranks of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party under the rule of Saddam Hussein. Initially serving in the Iraqi Army's Political Guidance Directorate, which was tasked with ensuring Ba'athist control of the military, Ahmed later became a senior member of the party's Military Bureau.[3] Though part of the Ba'ath Party's supreme command by the time of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the United States did not prioritize his capture until months after the fall of the Ba'athist government, inadvertently giving Ahmed enough time to go into hiding.[3] Iraqi insurgencyA former aide to former President of Iraq and leader Saddam Hussein and a regional Baath Party organiser who it appears was trained in Moscow, following the 2003 Iraq War, he has emerged as one of the leading figures among the Iraqi Insurgency and a major rival to Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri.[4][5] By 2006, he was regarded as "operational leader", "financial faciliator" and field commander of the Ba'athist insurgents.{{sfnp|Cordesman|Baetjer|2006|p=257}} Largely based in Syria since the war, he is believed to have access to substantial funds and that he has been disbursing funds and directing fighting of Sunni Insurgents inside Iraq.[6]{{sfnp|Hafez|2007|p=49}} It is believed that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has tried to make al-Ahmed the leader of the Iraqi Baathist insurgents.{{sfnp|Weiss|Hassan|2016|p=108}} On 23 August 2009 the Iraqi government aired a taped conversation linking two members of the Syria-based Iraqi Ba'athist movement, Sattam Farhan and al-Ahmed, with the August 2009 Baghdad bombings which claimed more than 100 lives.[8] The Syrian foreign ministry denied Syrian involvement in the attack. On 25 August Iraq summoned its ambassador to return from Syria, the Syrian government issued a similar order to its ambassador within hours in retaliation.{{sfnp|Weiss|Hassan|2016|pp=107, 108}}[8] When the Iraqi government demanded in November 2009 that Syria extradited al-Ahmed, President al-Assad refused to do so, claiming that he had already been expelled from Syria.{{sfnp|Weiss|Hassan|2016|pp=107, 108}} Responsibility for the August bombings was later claimed by the Islamic State of Iraq.[7] Ba'athist RivalriesAhmed was first mentioned in a report in the Iraqi government-owned al-Sabah newspaper, which reported on 6 December 2004 that a captured insurgent, Moyayad Yaseen Ahmad, the leader of Jeish Muhammad, had claimed that Ahmed had recently been elected Secretary of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party at a conference held by a group of Ba'athist fugitives in Al-Hasakah, Syria. Ahmed made another attempt for the party leadership following the death of Saddam Hussein, leading to condemnation from supporters of al-Douri who ordered the expulsion of Ahmed and 150 other members of the party. Ahmed issued a counter-order ordering the expulsion of al-Douri from the party, leading to the creation of two separate wings of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party.[3] Ahmed's wing of the party allegedly has contacts with former Republican Guard Commander Ra'ad al-Hamdani,[8] and has also allegedly been in contact with Wafiq Al-Samarrai in an effort to legitimize the party. Ahmed, in his attempts to reunite the party, and built a close working relationship with the Syrian government,{{sfnp|Weiss|Hassan|2016|p=108}} unlike al-Douri, who distrusts the Syrians due to their alliance with the Iranians. The Syrian government is quietly supporting Ahmed in order to gain more control over the Iraqi Ba'ath party.[9]{{sfnp|Weiss|Hassan|2016|p=108}} Ahmed's attempts to recruit support in Syria from former Iraqi Ba'athists is meeting some success, particularly among the poorer Sunni Arab segment of the refugee population, due in part to Ahmed's ability to offer cash incentives and Syrian residency permits due to their closeness to the Syrian government.[9] See also
References1. ^Iraq Releases Most-Wanted List - CBS, 3 July 2006 2. ^Consolidated list of financial sanctions targets in the UK - HM Treasury 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://jamestown.org/program/reviving-the-iraqi-baath-a-profile-of-general-muhammad-yunis-al-ahmad/ |title=Reviving the Iraqi Ba’ath: A Profile of General Muhammad Yunis al-Ahmad |author=Rafid Fadhil Ali |work=Jamestown Foundation |date=9 February 2009 |accessdate=6 August 2018 }} 4. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/print/0,3858,5041210-103550,00.html Saddam aide in exile heads list of most wanted rebels] The Guardian, 17 October 2004 5. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/Iraq/Story/0,,1980915,00.html Battle for New Leader Likely] The Guardian, 1 January 2007 6. ^A conflict over 15 billion dollars between Izzat Al-Duri and Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed Iraq Directory, 16 November 2006 7. ^1 2 {{cite news | title =Iraq and Syria recall ambassadors| publisher = BBC | date = 25 August 2009 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8220329.stm| accessdate = 27 June 2009}} 8. ^{{cite news |title=Iraq Resists Pleas by U.S. to Placate Baath Party |author=Sam Dagher |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/26/world/middleeast/26baathists.html?_r=0 |newspaper=New York Times |date=25 April 2009 |accessdate=31 August 2013}} 9. ^1 {{cite news |title=Syria Is Said to Be Strengthening Ties to Opponents of Iraq’s Government |author=Hugh Naylor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/world/middleeast/07syria.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0 |newspaper=New York Times |date=7 October 2007 |accessdate=31 August 2013}} Works cited
|last1= Cordesman |first1= Anthony H. |last2= Baetjer |first2= Patrick |title= Iraqi Security Forces: A Strategy for Success |url= https://books.google.de/books?id=Jw8o33v6NjQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false |date= 2006 |publisher= Praeger |location= Westport; London |isbn= |ref=harv}}
|last= Hafez |first= Mohammed M. |title= Suicide Bombers in Iraq: The Strategy and Ideology of Martyrdom |url= https://books.google.de/books?id=0I8m2CnuVooC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false |date= 2007 |publisher= United States Institute of Peace |location= Washington D.C. |isbn= 978-1601270047 |ref=harv}}
|last1= Weiss |first1= Michael |last2= Hassan |first2= Hassan |authorlink1= Michael Weiss (journalist) |authorlink2= Hassan Hassan |title= Inside the Army of Terror |url= |date= 2016 |edition=2nd |orig-year=1st pub. 2015 |publisher= Regan Arts |location= London; New York City |isbn= 1941393578 |ref=harv}}{{Ba'ath Party}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Mohammed Younis Al-}} 5 : 1949 births|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region politicians|Iraqi Arab nationalists|Iraqi Sunni Muslims|Living people |
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