“Molch”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Molch

释义

Description
Notes
References

{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=Molch-M391-01.jpg

Ship image size=250px

Ship caption=Molch M391
}}{{Infobox ship class overview

Name=Molch

Builders=AG Weser, Bremen.

Nazi Germany}}

Class before=

Class after=Biber

Subclasses=

Cost=

Built range=1944-

In service range=

In commission range=

Total ships building=

Total ships planned=

Total ships completed=393

Total ships cancelled=

Total ships active=

Total ships laid up=

Total ships lost=

Total ships retired=

Total ships preserved=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=

Ship class=Midget submarine

Ship tonnage=

Ship displacement=

Ship length=

Ship beam=

Ship height=

Ship draught=

Ship depth=

Ship hold depth=

Ship power=

Ship propulsion=Electric motor

Ship speed=

64|km|abbr=on}} at {{Convert|5|kn}}

Ship endurance=

Ship test depth=

Ship complement=

Ship crew=1

Ship time to activate=

Ship sensors=

Ship EW=

Ship armament=Two × G7e torpedoes

Ship armour=

Ship notes=
}}

The Molch (German language: "newt" or "salamander") was an unsuccessful series of one-man midget submarines created during World War II. Built in 1944, it was the first mini-submarine of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, but was not successful in combat operations and suffered heavy losses.

Description

The Molch was based on torpedo technology, and carried two G7e torpedoes attached externally on either side of the craft. It was fully electrical and was created for coastal operations, with a range of {{convert|64|km|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{Convert|5|kn}}. The front section of the boat held a large battery. Behind the battery was the operator's position, which sat between two small trimming tanks. Behind the operator sat the electric motor. The complicated system of tanks made it difficult to control during combat operations. The first of 393 boats were delivered on June 12, 1944 and were built by AG Weser in Bremen.

The Molch were first used in the Mediterranean against the Allied "Operation Dragoon" in 1944. The submarines were a part of the K-Verband 411 flotilla. On the night of September 25 they attacked Allied battleships,{{Clarify|what effect|date=February 2009}} with the loss of ten out of the twelve Molch submarines in the flotilla. Shortly after, the remaining two were sunk by Allied warship bombardment off the Sanremo coast.

Other Molch flotillas were sent to the Netherlands in December 1944, but were also unsuccessful. From January to April 1945, Molch and Biber submarines went out on 102 sorties, losing seventy of their own and sunk only seven small ships. Due to the ineffectiveness of the Molch in combat operations, it was later used as a training vessel for more advanced midget submarines.

Notes

References

{{cite web

|title=Molch (Salamander)
|url=http://www.uboat.net/types/molch.htm
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=16 July 2006
}}

{{cite book|last1=Prenatt |first1=Jamie|last2=Stille|first2=Mark |title=Axis Midget Submarines: 1939–45 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford, UK |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4728-0122-7|lastauthoramp=y}}

{{Kriegsmarine midget submarines}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=Submarine
| portal3=World War II
| commons=y
| commons-search=Category:German Molch submarines
}}

2 : Midget submarines|World War II submarines of Germany

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