| 词条 | Moneron Island |
| 释义 |
Moneron Island, ({{lang-ru|Монерон}}, {{lang-ja|海馬島 Kaibato}}, Ainu: Todomoshiri) is a small island off Sakhalin Island. Description{{Location map+|Russia Sakhalin |width=120|caption=Location of Moneron|float=right|places={{Location map~|Russia Sakhalin|lon_dir=E|lat_dir=N|lat_deg=52|lat_min=11|lon_deg=141|lon_min=37|position=right|label=Strait of Tartary}}{{Location map~|Russia Sakhalin|lon_dir=E|lat_dir=N|lat_deg=46.15|lat_min=0|lon_deg=141.24|lon_min=0|position=right|label=Moneron Island}}{{Location map~|Russia Sakhalin |lon_dir=E|lat_dir=N|lat_deg=51|lat_min=0|lon_deg=143|lon_min=0|position=bottom|label=Sakhalin Island}}}} Moneron has an area of about {{convert|30|km2|mi2}} and a highest point of {{convert|429|m|ft}}. It is approximately {{convert|7.2|km|abbr=on}} long (N/S axis) by {{convert|5.5|km|abbr=on}} wide, and is located {{convert|41|nmi|km}} from Sakhalin's port of Nevelsk and about {{convert|30|nmi|km}}[1] directly southwest of Sakhalin Island itself at the northeastern end of the Sea of Japan. It is the only landmass in the whole Tatar Straits. It has no permanent population. HistoryThe island was known as Todomoshiri ("island of sea lions") by its original Ainu inhabitants. It came under the daimyō of Matsumae clan in the 18th century and got its current European name from a visit of the French navigator La Perouse[2], who named it Moneron after Paul Mérault Monneron, the chief engineer of his expedition. Paul Moneron was tasked with mapping the island named after him. The first authentic map of Moneron Island was made later, in 1867, by Russian hydrographers who put it on the map of the Russian Empire. The expedition was led by one K. Staritsky, after whom the highest spot was named. Moneron Island was not Russian for long. Latterly, the Japanese named it Kaibatō (海馬島), which was a Sinicized rendition of its Ainu name, but it reverted to its European name after Japan's defeat in World War II and its occupation by the Soviet Union. Moneron Island is very close to Japan: On a clear day, you can see the Japanese Rishiri Island. KAL 007Korean Air Flight 007, with 269 passengers and crew, spiraled around Moneron Island twice during the final phase of its controlled 12-minute descent after being struck by a single air-to-air missile launched at it on September 1, 1983 from a Sukhoi Su-15, for straying into restricted Soviet airspace. Its precise position and final distance from the island are disputed. Fauna and floraThe island is a popular place for diving and for birds. Surrounded by steep cliffs and rocky islets, it is a haven for sea birds. The warm Tsushima Current brings abundant marine life to the surrounding waters and species normally found much further south abound. In 2006, infrastructure was constructed to allow tourists to visit the island. The facilities are operated by the Moneron National Park, which is the first marine national park in Russia.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} References{{commons category|Moneron}}1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.rbth.com/travel/2013/07/31/moneron_island_pristine_marine_life_on_the_border_28521.html|title=Moneron Island: Pristine marine life on the border|last=Strana.ru|first=Aleksei Yaroshevsky,|date=2013-08-01|access-date=2018-05-24|language=en-US}} {{coord|46|15|N|141|14|E|region:RU_type:isle|display=title}}{{SakhalinOblast-geo-stub}}2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.rbth.com/travel/2013/07/31/moneron_island_pristine_marine_life_on_the_border_28521.html|title=Moneron Island: Pristine marine life on the border|last=Strana.ru|first=Aleksei Yaroshevsky,|date=2013-08-01|access-date=2018-05-24|language=en-US}} 5 : Islands of the Russian Far East|Islands of the Sea of Japan|Islands of Sakhalin Oblast|Karafuto|Korean Air Lines Flight 007 |
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