| 词条 | Mongewell |
| 释义 |
|country= England |coordinates = {{coord|51.586|-1.119|display=inline,title}} |static_image= Mongewell Park.jpg |static_image_width= 240px |static_image_caption= Mongewell Park |official_name= Mongewell |population= |population_ref= |civil_parish= Crowmarsh |shire_district= South Oxfordshire |shire_county= Oxfordshire |region= South East England |constituency_westminster= Henley |post_town= Wallingford |postcode_district= OX10 |postcode_area= OX |dial_code= |os_grid_reference= SU611877 |website= }} Mongewell (first syllable rhymes with sponge) is a village in the civil parish of Crowmarsh, about {{convert|1|mi|km}} south of Wallingford in Oxfordshire. Mongewell is on the east bank of the Thames, linked with the west bank at Winterbrook by Winterbrook Bridge. The earthwork Grim's Ditch, now part of The Ridgeway long-distance footpath, passes through the northern part of it and is a scheduled ancient monument. HistoryGrim's Ditch to its north has its main section north of the village, a Scheduled Ancient Monument.[1] In order to provide a level climb up to the first major hill of the long Chiltern Hills range to the east and northeast this has embankments and cuttings, with thousands of tonnes of earth displaced in the Bronze Age in order to facilitate access by foot. Mongewell was a parish mentioned in Domesday Book.[2] The parish church of St John the Baptist dates architecturally to the 12th century, with later repairs and additions.[3] Mongewell was a strip parish, a thin strip of land extending into the Chiltern Hills[4] including part of Stoke Row. The ecclesiastical parish was joined by a civil parish in the 19th century, but in 1932 was split, mostly joining a new civil parish naned Crowmarsh, but a small part was added to Rotherfield Greys parish.[5] Given the location next to the Ridgeway and containing a spring well, the name could be derived from the old English word Mangere as in fish monger, iron monger, war monger etc. meaning a dealer in a specific commodity. So it would be the traders well. [6]Mongewell ParkMongewell Park was once home to Shute Barrington, Bishop of Llandaff (1769-1782). Replacing the original Georgian Mongewell House of Barrington, a large brick mansion in William and Mary style was built in 1890 for Alexander Frazer whose initials can be seen on the lodge gates (Pedgley and Pedgley, 1990). After Fraser died in 1916, the house became a hospital for wounded officers in World War I. In 1918, it was sold to the American millionaire Howard Gould. Because he was an atheist, he had the lane to the now ruined Mongewell church sunk so that he would not see the parishioners attending service.{{cn|date=October 2018}} He sold the house in 1939 and the Royal Air Force occupied it until 1945. In January 1944 it became the Headquarters for No 2 Group RAF of Bomber Command led by Air Vice Marshal Basil Embry. On the Staff there for six months before his capture as a POW was the World War II night fighter ace, Wing Commander Bob Braham (Braham, 1984). At the end of the war the house was once more used as a hospital before becoming derelict. A Jewish boarding school, Carmel College, occupied Mongewell Park from 1948 to 1997. The school added several buildings, including its synagogue and the Julius Gottlieb Gallery and Boathouse, which were later listed.[7] As of June 2007, it is planned to redevelop the site for housing. See also{{commons category|Mongewell}}
References1. ^Grim's Ditch - section from the south of Mongewell Park Lodge to the south of Nuffield Church {{NHLE|num=1006368|accessdate=9 June 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=101938&strquery=Mongewell |title=The Domesday survey: The text |author=L. F. Salzman (editor) |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1939 |work=A history of the County of Oxford: Volume 1 |accessdate=20 August 2011 }} 3. ^Church of St John the Baptist {{NHLE|num=1059580|accessdate=9 June 2013}} 4. ^Vision of Britain: Boundary map 5. ^Vision of Britain website{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 6. ^Word Definition 7. ^The Gallery building {{NHLE|num=1379942|accessdate=9 June 2013}} Further reading
3 : Villages in Oxfordshire|Populated places in Oxfordshire on the River Thames|Former civil parishes in Oxfordshire |
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