| 词条 | Devenish Island |
| 释义 |
| name = Devenish or Devinish Island | image_name = Devenish island 2006.jpg | image_caption = Monastic site on Devenish Island | image_alt = A ruined stone building with ecclesiastical stylings, surrounded by short grass and scattered headstones, with a stone round tower to the right. In the background, a stretch of calm water can be seen in front of a tree-lined shore. | map =Northern Ireland | location = Lower Lough Erne | coordinates = {{coord|54|22|20.31|N|7|39|27.51|W|display=inline|region:GB}} | area_km2 = 0.498 | area_footnotes = | length_km = 2 | length_footnotes = | width_km = 1.1 | width_footnotes = | highest_mount = Sour Hill | elevation_m = 64.3 | elevation_footnotes = | country = Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) | country_admin_divisions_title = | country_admin_divisions = | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = | country_admin_divisions_1 = | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = | country_admin_divisions_2 = | country_capital = | country_largest_city = | country_largest_city_population = | country_leader_title = | country_leader_name = | demonym = | website = | additional_info = }} Devenish or Devinish[1] ({{Irish derived place name|Daimhinis|ox island}}) is an island in Lower Lough Erne, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Aligned roughly north–south, it is about one and a quarter miles long and two-thirds of a mile wide. The main place to catch a ferry to the island is at Trory Point, just outside Enniskillen. Devenish Island is owned by the Kilravock Christian Trust.[2] FeaturesDevenish contains one of the finest monastic sites in Northern Ireland. A round tower thought to date from the twelfth century is situated on the island, as are the walls of the Oratory of Saint Molaise who established the monastery in the 6th century,[3] on a pilgrim route to Croagh Patrick in County Mayo. It became a centre of scholarship and, although raided by Vikings in 837 and burned in 1157, it later flourished as the site of the parish church and St Mary's Augustinian Priory. There are extensive low earthworks on the hillside, but the earliest buildings are St Molaise's House (a very small church) and the fine round tower close by, both with accomplished Romanesque decoration of the 12th century. The round tower is some 30 metres (100 ft) tall and can be climbed using internal ladders. It features a sculptured Romanesque cornice of heads and ornament under the conical stone roof.[3] Nearby is a cross carved with spiral patterns and human heads. There are also several cross-slabs, one with an interlace design and a mediaeval carved cross. Near the round tower, the foundations of another tower were found, which the present tower probably superseded.[4] The smallest of the three churches (Mo-Laisse's House, named after the founder of the monastery) dates from the late 12th or early 13th century. It has narrow antae with bases carved with classical motifs. Only the lower parts of the walls and some of the roofstones survive.[4] {{lang|ga|Teampull Mór}}, the lower church, dates from the early 13th century with a beautifully moulded south window. It was extended to the east in about 1300, and later additions include a residential wing to the north and the Maguire Chapel to the south, with 17th-century heraldic slabs.On the hilltop sits St Mary's Augustinian Priory which is of the mid-15th century and early 16th century, with church, tower and small north cloister. The priory has an intricately carved mid-15th-century high cross in its graveyard.[3] The Devenish cross dates from the 15th century and is gothic in style. It is thought to have been carved by Matthew O’Dubegan, who also carved the sacristy doorway. The cross has decorative carvings and motifs, including a depiction of the crucifixtion on the upper part of the shaft. There are several hundred loose architectural fragments on the site and among them are over 40 stones from an otherwise lost, richly-decorated Romanesque church. Some of the many loose stones are displayed and set in their historical context in the small visitor centre. The monastic remains including churches, round tower etc. are State Care Historic Monuments in the townland of Devenish, in Fermanagh District Council area, at grid ref: area of H224 469.[5] The monastic site (area surrounding the state care monument, grid ref: H224 469) and the rath (grid ref: H2215 4768) are Scheduled Historic Monuments.[6] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.logainm.ie/1165997.aspx|title=Daimhinis/Devinish|website=Logainm.ie|accessdate=13 August 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kilravockcastle.com/|title=Kilravock Castle (pronounced 'Kil-rawk') dates from 1460.|website=Kilravockcastle.com|accessdate=2017-08-13}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book | last=O'Neill, B (ed)| year=2002 |title=Irish Cathedrals, Churches and Abbeys | publisher=Caxton Editions | location=London | page=63}} 4. ^1 {{cite book | last=Weir, A| year=1980 |title=Early Ireland. A Field Guide | publisher=Blackstaff Press | location=Belfast | page=144 | isbn=0-85640-212-5}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=State Care Historic Monuments |publisher=Environment and Heritage Service |date=March 2007 |url=http://www.ehsni.gov.uk/state_care_monuments_2007.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=3 December 2007}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Scheduled Historic Monuments |publisher=Environment and Heritage Service |date=March 2007 |url=http://www.ehsni.gov.uk/scheduled_monuments1to31mar07.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=3 December 2007|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20081105170858/http://www.ehsni.gov.uk/scheduled_monuments1to31mar07.pdf|archivedate=5 November 2008}}
Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Devenish Island}}
10 : Islands of County Fermanagh|Archaeological sites in County Fermanagh|Townlands of County Fermanagh|Uninhabited islands of Northern Ireland|Scheduled Monuments in Northern Ireland|Towers in Northern Ireland|Ruins in Northern Ireland|Northern Ireland Environment Agency properties|Culdees|Lake islands of Northern Ireland |
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