| 词条 | Montipora | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image = Montipora aequituberculata.jpg | image_caption = Montipora aequituberculata | taxon = Montipora | authority = Blainville, 1830[1][2] | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms = * Manopora Dana, 1846 }}Montipora is a genus of Scleractinian corals in the phylum Cnidaria. Members of the genus Montipora may exhibit many different growth morphologies. With eighty five known species,[1] Montipora is the second most species rich coral genus after Acropora.[3] DescriptionGrowth morphologies for the genus Montipora include submassive, laminar, foliaceous, encrusting, and branching.[4][5] It is not uncommon for a single Montipora colony to display more than one growth morphology.[5] Healthy Montipora corals can be a variety of colors, including orange, brown, pink, green, blue, purple, yellow, grey, or tan.[5] Although they are typically uniform in color, some species, such as Montipora spumosa or Montipora verrucosa, may display a mottled appearance.[5] Montipora corals have the smallest corallites of any coral family.[5] Columellae are not present.[5] Coenosteum and corallite walls are porous, which can result in elaborate structures.[5] The coenosteum of each Montipora species is different, making it useful for identification.[5] Polyps are typically only extended at night.[5]Montipora corals are commonly mistaken for members of the genus Porites based on their visual similarities, however, Porites can be distinguished from Montipora by examining the structure of the corallites.[5]DistributionMontipora corals are common on reefs and lagoons of the Red Sea, the western Indian Ocean and the southern Pacific Ocean, but are entirely absent in the Atlantic Ocean.[4]EcologyMontipora corals are hermaphroditic broadcast spawners.[6] Spawning typically happens in spring.[6] The eggs of Montipora corals already contain zooxanthellae, so none is obtained from the environment.[6][7] This process is known as direct or vertical transmission.[3]Montipora corals are preyed upon by corallivorous fish, such as butterflyfish.[8] Montipora corals are known to host endo- and ectoparasites such as Allopodion mirum and Xarifia extensa.[1]Montipora corals are susceptible to the same stresses as other Scleractinian corals, such as anthropogenic pollution, sediment, algal growth, and other competitive organisms.[6]Evolutionary historyA 2007 study found that the genus Montipora was almost genetically indistinguishable from the genus Anacropora, making it the genus with the closest genetic relationship to Montipora.[9] It is thought that Anacropora evolved from Montipora relatively recently.[7] GallerySpecies{{colbegin}}{{Div col}}
References1. ^1 2 3 {{WRMS |203834| Montipora Blainville, 1830}} {{Commons|Montipora}}{{Wikispecies|Montipora}}{{Marine Life Wikiproject}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q145782}}2. ^{{ITIS |id=52948 |taxon=Montipora}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=van Oppen|first1=Madeleine J.H.|title=Mode of zooxanthella transmission does not affect zooxanthella diversity in acroporid corals|journal=Marine Biology|date=2004|volume=144|pages=1–7|doi=10.1007/s00227-003-1187-4}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Van Oppen|first1=M.J.H|last2=Koolmees|first2=E.M.|last3=J.E.N|first3=Veron|title=Patterns of evolution in the scleractinian coral genus Montipora (Acrroporidae)|journal=Marine Biology|date=2004|volume=144|pages=9–18|doi=10.1007/s00227-003-1188-3}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book|last1=Veron|first1=J.E.N|title=Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific|date=1986|publisher=Angus & Robertson Publishers|location=London|pages=92–121}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Richmond|first1=Robert|title=Reproduction and Recruitment in Corals|date=1997|pages=175–197}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Fukami|first1=Hironobu|last2=Omari|first2=Makoto|last3=Hatta|first3=Masayuki|title=Phylogenetic relationships in the coral family Acroporidae, reassessed by inference from mitochondrial genes|journal=Zoological Science|date=2000|volume=17|pages=689–696|doi=10.2108/zsj.17.689}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Berumen|first1=Michael|last2=Pratchett|first2=Morgan S.|title=Recovery without resilience: persistent disturbance and long-term shifts in the structure of fish and coral communities at Tiahura reef, Moorea|journal=Coral Reefs|date=2006|volume=25|pages=647–653|doi=10.1007/s00338-006-0145-2}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Wallace|first1=C.C|display-authors=etal|title=Recognition of separate genera within Acropora based on new morphological, reproductive, and genetic evidence from Acropora togianensis, and elevation of the subgenus Isopora Studer, 1878 to genus (Scleractinia: Astrocoeniidae; Acroporidae)|journal=Coral Reefs|date=2007|volume=26|pages=231–239|doi=10.1007/s00338-007-0203-4}} 2 : Acroporidae|Coral reefs |
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