| 词条 | Moomba, South Australia |
| 释义 |
| type = town | name = Moomba | state = sa | image = | caption = | image_alt = | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|28|6|36|S|140|12|36|E|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label_position = left | map_alt = | pop = | pop_year = | pop_footnotes = | poprank = | density = | density_footnotes = | established = | established_footnotes = | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 5710 | elevation = 39 | elevation_footnotes = | area = | area_footnotes = | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | dist1 = 770 | dir1 = northeast | location1 = Adelaide | dist2 = 302 | dir2 = northeast | location2 = Lyndhurst | dist3 = 330 | dir3 = northeast | location3 = Leigh Creek | dist4 = 230 | dir4 = northwest | location4 = Tibooburra | lga = unincorporated area | region = Far North[1] | county = | stategov = Stuart | fedgov = Grey | url = | maxtemp = 29.5 | maxtemp_footnotes = [2] | mintemp = 15.5 | mintemp_footnotes = [2] | rainfall = 205.7 | rainfall_footnotes = [4] | near-n = | near-ne = | near-e = | near-se = | near-s = | near-sw = | near-w = | near-nw = | near = | footnotes = }} Moomba is a company town located in the Australian state of South Australia within the gazetted locality of Gidgealpa about {{convert|770|km}} north of the state capital of Adelaide.[2] It is operated by Santos Limited for the purpose of exploration and processing of natural gas found in and recovered from the Cooper and Eromanga Basins. There are a number of partners and contractors on site including Bureau Veritas, O&G Solutions, Broadspectrum, OneSteel, Origin Energy, Diversified Construction, Halliburton, Baker Hughes, ProTechnics a Division of Corelab, GPA Engineering and SAGE Automation. GeographyMoomba is situated on the Strzelecki Track which runs through northeastern South Australia and into South West Queensland. The settlement is located on a low-lying plain amongst sand dunes at very little height above sea level. Several hundred kilometres to the southwest lies Lake Eyre which is in fact below sea level. ClimateMoomba experiences a mean maximum temperature of {{convert|38.6|C}} in the hottest month of the year, January, with overnight mean minimum temperatures of {{convert|24.5|C}}. July is the coldest month, in winter, with {{convert|19.6|C}} mean maximum temperature and {{convert|6.4|C}} mean minimum temperature.[3] On 12 January 2013, Moomba reached a record maximum temperature of {{convert|49.6|C|F}}, which is one of the hottest temperatures recorded in South Australia.[4] Moomba sits just on the edge of a rainfall region that has the lowest average rainfall in Australia (a region encompassing Marree and Lake Eyre).[5] Rainfall is highly erratic, and some years it does not rain at all. However, when it does rain it can be extremely heavy and damaging thunderstorms can occur on a few days each year. Light winter rain can also be experienced, but this is just as infrequent and doesn't happen every year. The wettest month ever recorded was January 1974, with {{convert|439.4|mm|in}} of rain falling.[6] {{Weather box |location = Moomba (average temperatures from Moomba Airport (1995–2016); average rainfall from Moommba (1972–2005); extremes from both sites) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 49.6 |Feb record high C = 46.0 |Mar record high C = 45.2 |Apr record high C = 39.9 |May record high C = 34.1 |Jun record high C = 30.5 |Jul record high C = 30.9 |Aug record high C = 34.8 |Sep record high C = 41.5 |Oct record high C = 43.5 |Nov record high C = 47.0 |Dec record high C = 49.1 |year record high C = 49.6 |Jan high C = 38.6 |Feb high C = 37.0 |Mar high C = 33.9 |Apr high C = 29.3 |May high C = 23.9 |Jun high C = 19.9 |Jul high C = 19.6 |Aug high C = 22.7 |Sep high C = 27.3 |Oct high C = 30.8 |Nov high C = 34.2 |Dec high C = 36.5 |year high C = 29.5 |Jan low C = 24.5 |Feb low C = 23.6 |Mar low C = 20.4 |Apr low C = 15.6 |May low C = 10.8 |Jun low C = 7.5 |Jul low C = 6.4 |Aug low C = 8.0 |Sep low C = 12.2 |Oct low C = 15.7 |Nov low C = 19.6 |Dec low C = 22.2 |year low C = 15.5 |Jan record low C = 10.9 |Feb record low C = 13.8 |Mar record low C = 8.6 |Apr record low C = 4.2 |May record low C = 1.2 |Jun record low C = 0.0 |Jul record low C = -1.4 |Aug record low C = -0.5 |Sep record low C = 2.1 |Oct record low C = 2.6 |Nov record low C = 6.7 |Dec record low C = 10.0 |year record low C = -1.4 |Jan rain mm = 40.0 |Feb rain mm = 26.4 |Mar rain mm = 9.9 |Apr rain mm = 13.5 |May rain mm = 16.2 |Jun rain mm = 11.2 |Jul rain mm = 16.9 |Aug rain mm = 8.6 |Sep rain mm = 10.9 |Oct rain mm = 18.7 |Nov rain mm = 13.2 |Dec rain mm = 20.2 |Jan rain days = 3.3 |Feb rain days = 3.2 |Mar rain days = 1.7 |Apr rain days = 2.1 |May rain days = 2.8 |Jun rain days = 2.4 |Jul rain days = 3.0 |Aug rain days = 2.1 |Sep rain days = 2.4 |Oct rain days = 2.7 |Nov rain days = 3.5 |Dec rain days = 3.0 |unit rain days = 0.2mm |source 1 = Bureau of Meteorology[3] |date=November 2013}} PopulationSantos Ltd employs some 1,201 people who work at Moomba and within the rest of the Cooper Basin (including Ballera in South-West Queensland). All employees work on a fly in-fly out roster basis; there is no permanent resident population in Moomba. FacilitiesMoomba has a sealed airstrip and 'camp' accommodation for its "fly-in, fly-out" residents who are, largely, Santos employees. Scheduled Services are operated by Alliance Airlines, flying passengers daily to and from Adelaide. Members of the public are not able to fly to Moomba; only employees, contractors and authorised visitors are able to visit. The New South Wales motoring body, NRMA warns travellers of the absence of public facilities at Moomba. It states:
The Royal Flying Doctor Service provides health services for Moomba and Ballera workers.[7] HistoryMoomba was established in the 1960s and 70s after discovery of gas and oil.[8] The first commercial gas discovery was made at the Gidgealpa field in 1963. The first Permian oil discovery was made at the Tirrawarra field in 1970. The first Jurassic oil discovery was made at the Strzelecki field in 1978. Gas sales to Adelaide commenced in 1969, and gas sales to Sydney commenced in 1976. Ethane sales to Sydney commenced in 1996 An explosion occurred at the gas plant in January 2004. The explosion made national headlines and caused a costly temporary gas shortage for Santos Ltd.[9] Natural Resources ExtractionGasThe Moomba Adelaide Pipeline System (commenced in 1969) runs 832 kilometres to deliver natural gas extracted from Moomba to Adelaide.[10] This same pipeline is also used to deliver gas from Queensland, an arrangement agreed to in 1991 and the project completed in 1993.[11] A separate 659 kilometre liquids pipeline runs southwest to Port Bonython, South Australia for overseas export. A similar gas pipeline to Sydney was completed in 1976, stretching over 1,299 kilometres to Wilton Sydney, with an ethane pipeline along the same route to Botany in Sydney completed in 1996.[12] According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics:
Due to an expected peak in availability of gas from Moomba's gas fields in 2006, in June 2007 gas pipeline owner Epic Energy announced moves to link the Moomba pipeline to gas resources in southwest Queensland,.[13][14] OilSignificant oil deposits were discovered in Moomba in 1970 and 1978. These are extracted and supplied via pipelines to sales outlets.[15] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Far North SA Government Region|url=http://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/6905/Far_North_SA_Government_region.pdf|publisher=Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure|accessdate=10 October 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Search result for "Gidgealpa (LOCB)" (Record no SA0032079) with the following layers selected - "Suburbs and Localities" and "Place names (gazetter)" |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/# |work=Property Location Browser |publisher=Government of South Australia |accessdate=20 May 2016}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_017123_All.shtml|title=Climate statistics for Moomba Airport|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=8 December 2016}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.weatherzone.com.au/news/49-6-degrees-australia-s-highest-temperature-in-15-years/23229|title=49.6 degrees - Australia's highest temperature in 15 years|publisher=Weatherzone|date=13 January 2013}} 5. ^1999 ABS Yearbook of South Australia, page 8; 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_017096_All.shtml|title=Climate statistics for Moomba|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=8 December 2016}} 7. ^RFDS Santos page; 8. ^ 9. ^Australian Broadcasting Corporation Website 10. ^1999 ABS Yearbook, page 9; 11. ^ABS Yearbook of South Australia, page 251; 12. ^Santos Ltd web page on Moomba; {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060811091854/http://www.santos.com/Content.aspx?p=225 |date=11 August 2006 }} 13. ^The Melbourne Age newspaper, "Business Day" section, "AGL Pipeline Deal to link gas to eastern markets"; 14. ^Adelaide Advertiser, "Price will rise if no gas found", 25 June 2007 15. ^Santos Ltd web page on Moomba; {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060811091854/http://www.santos.com/Content.aspx?p=225 |date=11 August 2006 }} External links
4 : Towns in South Australia|Far North (South Australia)|Places in the unincorporated areas of South Australia|Company towns in Australia |
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