1. External links

2. See also

3. References

The Morteratsch Glacier (Romansh: Vadret da Morteratsch) is the largest glacier by area in the Bernina Range of the Bündner Alps in Switzerland.

It is, just after the Pasterze Glacier and Gepatschferner, the third largest and by volume (1.2 km³) the most massive glacier in the eastern alps. The Morteratsch Glacier is a typical valley glacier with a pronounced ice front. The accumulation zone lies between the peaks of Piz Morteratsch, Piz Bernina, Crast' Agüzza, Piz Argient, Piz Zupò and Bellavista. From Piz Argient to the ice front in the Val Morteratsch, its horizontal extent is less than ~{{convert|6|km|abbr=on}}, with an altitude difference of up to {{convert|2000|m|abbr=on}}.

Together with the Pers Glacier, originating at Piz Palü, which joins the Morteratsch just below the rock formation Isla Persa ("Lost Isle"), as of 1973 it covered an area of about {{convert|16|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. The volume of the ice is estimated to be about 1.2 km³. The Morteratsch Glacier drains through the Inn and the Danube into the Black Sea.

In spring, depending on the snow conditions, a 10-km-long ski-run accessible to skilled skiers is marked on the glacier. It leads from the Diavolezza aerial tramway terminus to the Morteratsch inn and has an altitude difference of {{convert|1100|m|abbr=on}}. The RhB railway Station Morteratsch used to be situated directly at the ice front of the glacier. The ice front has receded over {{convert|2800|m|abbr=on}} in the meantime (as of 2016), and can no longer be seen from the station.

Yearly length change measurements have been recorded since 1878. For the period to 1998, the overall retreat was over {{convert|1.8|km|abbr=on}} with a mean annual retreat rate of approximately {{convert|17.2|m|abbr=on}} per year. This long-term average has markedly increased in recent years, receding {{convert|30|m|abbr=on}} per year from 1999–2005. Substantial retreat was ongoing through 2006 as well.^[1]. During the last ten years, it lost another {{convert|1|km}}.^[2]

During the time that measurements have been taken, the glacier has advanced a few meters in only four years. Since the large glaciers react slowly to short-term climate changes, these advances cannot be accounted for by increased precipitation in the accumulation zone in the previous winter.{cn} On the high moraines to the left and right of the ice front, which are still nearly free of overgrowth, the enormous quantities of ice which were still being pushed down here at the end of the "Little Ice Age" in the middle of the 19th century can be seen.

External links

• Short documentary of the Schweizer Fernsehen (Swiss Television) with fascinating shots of the ice caves within the Morteratsch Glacier ("Schweiz aktuell" of 23 December 2009)
• Short documentary of the Schweizer Fernsehen (Swiss Television) about climate related changes at Morteratsch Glacier ("Schweiz aktuell" of 15 September 2010)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110706232514/http://www.geoimage.ch/242198/248693.html Picture gallery] with fascinating shots of the ice caves within the Morteratsch Glacier

See also

• List of glaciers in Switzerland
• List of glaciers
• Retreat of glaciers since 1850
• Swiss Alps

References

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