| 词条 | Mound Cemetery (Marietta, Ohio) |
| 释义 |
| name =Mound Cemetery Mound | nrhp_type = | image = MoundCemetery01.jpg | caption = Mound Cemetery with Great Mound in background | location= 5th and Scammel Sts., Marietta, Ohio | coordinates = {{coord|39|25|12|N|81|27|7|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Ohio#USA | area = | added = February 23, 1973[1] | governing_body = Local | refnum=73001549[1] }} Mound Cemetery in Marietta, Ohio is a historic cemetery developed around the base of a prehistoric Adena burial mound known as the Great Mound or Conus. The city founders preserved the Great Mound from destruction by establishing the city cemetery around it in 1801. The city of Marietta was developed in 1788 by pioneers from Massachusetts, soon after the American Revolutionary War and organization of the Northwest Territory. Many of the founders were officers of the Revolutionary War who had received federal land grants for military services. Among high-ranking officers buried at the cemetery are generals Rufus Putnam and Benjamin Tupper, who were founders of the Ohio Company of Associates; as well as Commodore Abraham Whipple and Colonel William Stacy. The cemetery has the highest number of burials of American Revolutionary War officers in the country.[2][3] Great Mound or Conus{{main|Marietta Earthworks}}The conical Great Mound at Mound Cemetery is part of an Ohio Hopewell culture mound complex known as the Marietta Earthworks. Archaeologists estiumate that it was built between 100 BC and 500 AD. Early European American settlers gave the structures Latin names. The complex includes the Sacra Via (meaning "sacred way"), three walled enclosures, the Quadranaou, Capitolium (meaning "capital") and at least two other additional platform mounds, and the Conus burial mound and its accompanying ditch and embankment. The complex was surveyed and drawn in 1838 by Samuel R. Curtis (at the time a civil engineer for the state of Ohio). This survey was incorrectly attributed to Charles Whittlesey by E. G. Squier and E.H.Davis in their Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1848.[4] At the time the complex "included a large square enclosure surrounding four flat-topped pyramidal mounds, another smaller square, and a circular enclosure with a large burial mound at its center."[5] The Conus mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1973 as the Mound Cemetery Mound, site listing number 73001549.[1] In 1990 archaeologists from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History excavated a section of the Capitolium mound and determined that the mound was definitely constructed by peoples of the Hopewell Culture.[6] American Revolutionary War soldiersThe city of Marietta was developed in 1788 by migrant pioneers from Massachusetts, soon after the American Revolutionary War and organization of the Northwest Territory. The cemetery has the highest number of burials of American Revolutionary War officers in the country.[3][7] The original pioneers, city founders from the Ohio Company of Associates, preserved the Great Mound from destruction by establishing the city cemetery around it. Many of the founders were officers of the Revolutionary War who had received federal land grants for military services. Among high-ranking officers buried at the cemetery are generals Rufus Putnam and Benjamin Tupper, who were founders of the Ohio Company of Associates; as well as Commodore Abraham Whipple and Colonel William Stacy. {{quote|It was stated at the Conference that "more officers of the Revolution are buried in the Old Mound Cemetery, Marietta, than at any other place in the United States."|DAR, American Monthly, Vol. 16 (Jan-Jun 1900), 329.}}In 1825, General Lafayette of France, who fought with the Americans during the Revolution, visited Marietta. He said of the city's veterans: "I knew them well. I saw them fighting the battles of their country ... They were the bravest of the brave. Better men never lived."[8] The Washington County Historical Society compiled the following list of Revolutionary soldiers buried in Mound Cemetery:[9]
The pioneer physician, scientist, and historian, Samuel Prescott Hildreth (1783-1863) was also buried in Mound Cemetery; his books provide insight into the early history of Marietta and the Northwest Territory, and the lives of the soldiers and early pioneer settlers.[10][11] Major General James Mitchell Varnum (1748-1789) was originally buried in the Mound Cemetery. His remains were later buried on the Oak Grove Cemetery in Marietta. GallerySee also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreghome.do?searchtype=natreghome|title=National Register of Historic Places|accessdate=2012-12-02}} 2. ^{{cite journal| publisher= Daughters of the American Revolution | journal = American Monthly | volume= 16| date=Jan–Jun 1900 |page= 329}} 3. ^1 Johnson, What to See in America, 224. 4. ^{{cite book| author = Romain, William F. |title= Mysteries of the Hopewell |date= 2000-10-01 |publisher= The University of Akron Press | pages= 129–142 | isbn= 978-1884836619 }} 5. ^{{cite web| url= http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2219 | title= Marietta Earthworks | encyclopedia= Ohio History Central | publisher = Ohio Historical Society | accessdate= 2012-12-02 }} 6. ^{{cite web | title= Marietta Earthworks | publisher= Ohio City Productions, Inc | url= http://www.touring-ohio.com/history/marietta-earthworks.html | accessdate= 2012-12-03 | deadurl= yes | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121124045126/http://www.touring-ohio.com/history/marietta-earthworks.html | archivedate= 2012-11-24 | df= }} 7. ^DAR, American Monthly, Vol. 16 (Jan-Jun 1900), 329. 8. ^Cutler, Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler, 202–03. 9. ^Washington County Historical Society plaque at Mound Cemetery, dated 1968. 10. ^Hildreth, Pioneer History. 11. ^Hildreth, Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio. Bibliography
External links{{commons category|Marietta Earthworks}}
14 : Ohio Hopewell|Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio|Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio|Buildings and structures in Marietta, Ohio|Cemeteries in Washington County, Ohio|Military cemeteries in the United States|American Revolutionary War|Ohio in the American Revolution|Pre-statehood history of Ohio|American pioneers|Protected areas of Washington County, Ohio|National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Ohio|Mounds in Ohio|1801 establishments in the Northwest Territory |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。