“Mount Kephart”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Mount Kephart is a mountain in the central Great Smoky Mountains, located in the Southeastern United States. The Appalachian Trail crosses the mountain's south slope, making it a destination for thru-hikers. The Jumpoff, a {{convert|1000|ft|m|sing=on}} cliff on the northeast side of the mountain, has views of the central and eastern Smokies. A stand of Southern Appalachian spruce-fir forest coats the mountain's upper elevations.

Mount Kephart is the 22nd highest mountain in the eastern U.S., and the 7th-highest mountain in the state of Tennessee.^[2] Its topographic prominence is drastically

reduced, however, due to the mountain's close proximity to two higher neighbors, Clingmans Dome and Mount Le Conte.

Like much of the Smokies crest, Mount Kephart lies on the Tennessee-North Carolina border, in Sevier County, Tennessee and Swain County, North Carolina. The mountain rises nearly {{convert|4000|ft|m}} above its northern base at Porters Flat, and approximately {{convert|3400|ft|m}} above its southern base along the Oconaluftee headwaters. Newfound Gap, at just over {{convert|5000|ft|m}}, divides Mount Kephart from Fork Ridge (Mt. Collins) to the west. The gap is traversed by U.S. Highway 441, the only paved road crossing the Great Smoky Mountains National Park from north to south.

Geology

Mount Kephart is composed of a type of slate and metasiltstone known as Anakeesta Formation, which is common throughout the central Smokies. This type of rock is exposed at Charlies Bunion, just to the northeast of Kephart.^[3]

The Anakeesta Formation rocks are part of the Ocoee Supergroup, formed from ocean sediments nearly a billion years ago. The mountain itself was formed 200 million years ago when the African and North American plates collided and thrust the rock upward during the Appalachian orogeny.^[4]

History

Mount Kephart is named after Horace Kephart, an author and early proponent of establishing a national park in the Smokies. The mountain was called "Mount Collins" until the USGS gave it its current name in 1931, reshifting the name "Mount Collins" to the peak between Clingmans Dome and Newfound Gap.^[5] Before the 1880s, Mount Kephart was known by various local names.^[6]

Mount Kephart was probably visited and measured by Arnold Guyot during his survey of the Smokies crest in the late 1850s. The name he used for the mountain, however, is uncertain. Guyot listed two mountains between Laurel Top and New (Newfound) Gap as having elevations greater than {{convert|6000|ft|m}} — Peck's Peak, which Guyot measured at {{convert|6232|ft|m}}, and Mount Ocona, which Guyot measured at {{convert|6135|ft}}.^[7] The former may refer to Peck's Corner, although Peck's Corner isn't between Laurel Top and Newfound Gap, and Guyot would have missed its elevation by a staggering {{convert|1300|ft|m}}. Other than Mt. Kephart, the only peak between Laurel Top and Newfound Gap higher than {{convert|6000|ft|m}} is Mt. Ambler, a knob on Kephart's southwest slope.

Laura Thornborough, a writer who made many excursions into the Smokies in the 1930s, recalled a stream now known as Icewater Spring, on Kephart's south slope:

A CCC Camp operated on the mountain's southern base in the 1930s, the chimney of which remains near the head of the Kephart Prong Trail. During World War II, this camp was used to house conscientious objectors. Also in

Access

The Appalachian Trail crosses Mt. Kephart's southern slope en route to The Sawteeth and the eastern Smokies. While the trail misses the summit by just over {{convert|200|ft|m|-1}}, several clearings between Mt. Ambler and Icewater Spring have views of the south-central Smokies and Clingmans Dome.{{fact|date=November 2017}} There is a backcountry shelter at Icewater Spring for Appalachian Trail thru-hikers.

The Jumpoff Trail crosses the summit en route to the Jumpoff, a high cliff on the mountain's northern slope. The view from the Jumpoff is usually greater than 180 degrees, from Mount Le Conte to northwest to the Balsam Mountains to the southeast. The Jumpoff Trail is just a few feet beyond the Appalachian Trail and Boulevard Trail intersection, approximately three miles from Newfound Gap.

The Kephart Prong Trail ascends the mountain's south slope to the Kephart Backcountry Shelter. Its trailhead is on U.S. 441 between Newfound Gap and Oconaluftee. After two miles (3 km), the Kephart Prong Trail forks, one way following the Sweat Heifer Trail to Kephart's southwest slope (near Mt. Ambler), the other continuing on to Dry Sluice Gap (near Charlies Bunion).

References

1. ^Mount Kephart at Peakbagger.com
2. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.americasroof.com/6000.shtml |title = East Beyond 6000: List of Mountains in the East Above 6,000 Feet |author = Garry S. Luttrell |accessdate = 2008-05-06 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070630072148/http://www.americasroof.com/6000.shtml |archivedate = 2007-06-30 |df = }}
3. ^Harry Moore, A Roadside Guide to the Geology of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988), 87.
4. ^Harry Moore, A Roadside Guide to the Geology of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988), 26–27.
5. ^{{cite book |author=Frome, Michael |title=Strangers in high places: the story of the Great Smoky Mountains |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |location=Knoxville |year=1994 |pages= |isbn=0-87049-806-1 |oclc= |doi=}}
6. ^Peattie, The Great Smokies and the Blue Ridge: The Story of the Southern Appalachians (Boston and New York: Vanguard, 1943), 330.
7. ^Robert Mason, The Lure of the Great Smokies (Boston and New York: Houghton-Mifflen, 1927), 55–56.
8. ^Laura Thornborough, Great Smoky Mountains (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1942), 119.
9. ^Michal Strutin, History Hikes of the Smokies (Gatlinburg: Great Smoky Mountains Association, 2003), 122–123.

External links