| 词条 | Mr. Fezziwig |
| 释义 |
| color = White | name = Mr. Fezziwig | series = A Christmas Carol | image = A Christmas Carol - Mr. Fezziwig's Ball.jpg | caption = Fezziwig dances with his workers, illustration by John Leech | first = A Christmas Carol 1843 | creator = Charles Dickens | family = The Fezziwigs }}Mr. Fezziwig is a character from the novel A Christmas Carol created by Charles Dickens to provide contrast with Ebenezer Scrooge's attitudes towards business ethics. Scrooge, who apprenticed under Fezziwig, is the very antithesis of the person he worked for as a young man. Mr. Fezziwig is portrayed as a jovial, foppish man with a large Welsh wig.{{refn|group=nb| welsh (or welch) wig - woolen or worsted cap, originally made in Montgomery, Wales. Old Fezziwig, in A Christmas Carol, wears a Welsh wig.[1]}} In Stave 2 of A Christmas Carol, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes Scrooge to revisit his youthful days in Fezziwig's world located at the cusp of the Industrial Revolution. Dickens used Fezziwig to represent a set of communal values and a way of life which was quickly being swept away in the economic turmoil of the early nineteenth century.[2][3] CharacterScrooge is reminded how his own values have diverged greatly from those of someone he once admired. Fezziwig is also a capitalist, but he moderates profit maximization with kindness, generosity, and affection for his employees. Fezziwig cannot go too far in ignoring profitability—if his products cost too much he will be out competed. If his margins are too low, he will be unable to secure loans to continue operations.[4] In the early 19th century such small owner-controlled traders were being swept up. In the 1951 screenplay for the movie Scrooge by Noel Langley, Fezziwig is advised to bend with the times and sell out, but Fezziwig resists this call to progress: Jorkin: "Mr. Fezziwig, we’re good friends besides good men of business. We're men of vision and progress. Why don't you sell out while the going’s good? You'll never get a better offer. It’s the age of the machine, and the factory, and the vested interests. We small traders are ancient history, Mr. Fezziwig." In the end, Jorkin hires away Scrooge and buys out Fezziwig's business, moving it from private to shareholder ownership. As agent of shareholder interests, Jorkin and his managers Scrooge and Jacob Marley are constrained from diverging from the goals of profitability, making it more difficult to be a Fezziwig even if they were inclined to.[4] Fezziwig's successor Jorkin demonstrates the weakness of self-interest when he announces to the board of directors that the company is insolvent after years of embezzling. Scrooge and Marley demonstrate their cunning self-interest by using the crisis to attain controlling interest in the company. In Langley's and director Brian Desmond Hurst's Scrooge, these new managers replacing the Fezziwigs are predatory towards shareholders and employees alike, the product of a process and a mindset that Dickens felt was at odds with humanity itself.[3][7] In A Christmas Carol starring Kelsey Grammer, Fezziwig, following a downturn in his business, comes to Scrooge and Marley for a business loan. Scrooge, starting to turn into his greedy self, refuses the request, stating that he (Scrooge) and Marley would be throwing good money after bad.{{cn|date=January 2017}} Fezziwig appears in Mickey's Christmas Carol where he is portrayed in a non-speaking role by Mr. Toad. In The Muppet Christmas Carol, he is called "Fozziwig." The Boston Brewing Company produces Old Fezziwig Ale, a winter seasonal beer named after the character.[8][9] Fezziwig: A LifeMr. Fezziwig is the subject of a historical novel by Danny Kuhn, written as a memoir. This incarnation of the Dickens character was born in Lincolnshire in 1721,[10] and eventually travels to colonial America to promote his warehouse business before returning to London. Along the way, he befriends and has adventures with numerous influential eighteenth-century figures, including Lawrence Washington, George Hadley, Samuel Johnson, Erasmus Darwin, Henry Fielding and, especially, Benjamin Franklin during Franklin's years in England. Towards the end of his life, Fezziwig returns to his childhood home, accompanied by his apprentice Ebenezer Scrooge. The novel was originally published by favoritetrainers.com books as The Autobiography of Fezziwig, but re-released in 2015.{{cn|date=January 2017}} Notes1. ^{{cite web |last=Perdue |first=David |date= |title=Dickens Glossary |url= http://charlesdickenspage.com/glossary.html |work=David Perdue's Charles Dickens Page |location= |access-date=25 December 2016 | archiveurl= | archivedate= }} 2. ^{{citation |url = http://www.aacu.org/liberaleducation/le-fa03/le-fa03presidentsmessage.cfm | first = Caryn McTighe |last= Musil | title = Presidents' Message: Disciplining Virtues | publisher = Association of American Colleges and Universities | date = Fall 2003 | accessdate = 1 June 2012 }} 3. ^1 {{citation | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JpvP1yPvsZoC&pg=PA107 | page = 107 | title = A Christmas Carol And Its Adaptations: A Critical Examination of Dickens's Story And Its Productions on Screen And Television | first1 = Fred | last1 = Guida| first2 = Edward |last2 = Wagenknecht| publisher = MacFarland | isbn = 9780786428403 | year = 2006 | accessdate = 1 June 2012 }} 4. ^1 {{citation | title = Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics |contribution = Competitive Markets and Corporate Responsibility |first1 = George G. | last1 = Brenkert| first2 = Tom L.| last2=Beauchamp| date = November 2009| isbn = 9780195307955| page = 93| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Qn1BDj7SRUsC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93| accessdate = 1 June 2012}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=NATHAN|first=NICHOLAS|date=2009-08-21|title=EAT MY FLESH AND DRINK MY BLOOD|script-title=|journal=The Heythrop Journal|volume=51|issue=5|pages=862–871|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2265.2009.00507.x|issn=0018-1196}} 6. ^{{citation | journal = Cambridge Civic Journal Forum | url = http://cambridgecivic.com/?tag=philosophy | title = The Philosophy of Fezziwig | first = Robert |last = Winters | date= July 2009| accessdate = 1 June 2012}} 7. ^{{citation| title = Scrooge (1951) synopsis | publisher = Alistar Sim.net | first = Stephen |last = Hopley | year = 2005| url = http://www.alastairsim.net/Film/scrooge_synopsis.htm |accessdate = 1 June 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cleveland.com/drinks/index.ssf/2014/12/old_fezziwig_winter_lager_whit.html |title=Old Fezziwig, Winter Lager, White Christmas - Samuel Adams' winter trio is out again |last=Bona |first=Marc |publisher=Cleveland.com |date=9 December 2014 |access-date=4 July 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/10-beers-youll-be-drinking-all-winter-long-2014-10-24 |title=10 beers you'll be drinking all winter long |last=Notte |first=Jason |publisher=MarketWatch |date=30 December 2014 |access-date=4 July 2016}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Kuhn|first=Danny|title=Fezziwig: A Life|year=2015|publisher=Knox Robinson Publishing|isbn=978-1910282465|pages=280}} References{{Reflist}}Further reading
External links{{A Christmas Carol}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fezziwig, Mr.}} 7 : A Christmas Carol characters|Fictional characters introduced in 1843|Fictional people from London|Fictional businesspeople|Fictional people from the 19th-century|Male characters in film|Male characters in literature |
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