“Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi

释义

Life
References
Notes

{{Other people|Muhammad Ali}}{{Infobox royalty
|English name = Muhammad Ibn 'Ali Al-Senussi
|image =
|birth_date = 1787
|birth_place = Mostaganem, {{Flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Ottoman Algeria
|death_date = 1859
|death_place = Jaghbub, Libya, {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Ottoman Tripolitania
|burial_place =
|regnal =
|title = Founder of the Senussi dynasty
|throne = Libya
|pretend from = 2 September 1969 – 28 April 1992
|year =
|king =
|relationship = Nephew
|house = Senussi
|father = Sayyid Ali as-Senussi
|mother =
|spouse =
|issue =
|predecessor =
|successor = Prince Muhammad
|footnotes =
|religion = Islam
}}Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi in full Sīdī Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Sanūsī al-Mujāhirī al-Ḥasanī al-Idrīsī, (1787–1859) was an Arab Muslim theologian and leader who founded of the Senussi mystical order in 1837. His militant mystical movement proved very significant and helped Libya to win its freedom from Italy on 10 February 1947. Omar Mukhtar was one of the most significant leader of Senussi military campaign launched by Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi. Al-Sanūsī’s grandson Idrīs I ruled as king of Libya from 1951 to 1969.^[1]

Life

Al-Senussi was born in al-Wasita near Mostaganem, Algeria,^[2] and was named al-Senussi after a venerated Muslim teacher. He was a member of the Walad Sidi Abdalla tribe, and was a sharif tracing his descent from Fatimah, the daughter of Mohammed.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}} He took his last name from one of his teachers, who hailed from the Beni Snous Berbers of the Tlemcen region. He studied at a madrassa in Fez, Morocco and was instructed in religious orders in Morocco, then traveled in the Sahara preaching a purifying reform of the faith in Tunisia and Tripoli, gaining many adherents, and thence moved to Cairo to study at Al-Azhar University.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}}

Unable to cross Algeria because of the French occupation, the beginning, the centre of Imam Mohammed Ali El Senussi’s call was Jebel Akhdar and he built a mosque in Bayda of Cyrenaica and named it after himself, then he moved to Jaghbub in Cyrenaica from where the mosques spread to the remaining cities of Barqa and Tripoli.^[3]

He built a great mosque and a university, which was shut down on the orders of Muammar al-Gaddafi in 1984; at the same time, the graves and remains of the Senussi family were desecrated.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}} After the death of Muhammad as-Sanussi his son Sayyid Muhammad al-Mahdi bin Sayyid Muhammad as-Senussi (1859–1902) became the new leader of the Senussi order, and moved it south from Jaghbub to Kufra.^[2] His grandson through Muhammad became King Idris, the only King of Libya.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}}

{{familytree/start}}{{familytree | | | | | | | | | MAS
|MAS=Muhammad
ibn Ali
as-Senussi}}{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.}}{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | MS
|MS=Muhammad
as-Sharif
as-Senussi}}{{familytree | | | SMS | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|.|

SMS=Muhammad al-Mahdi
bin Muhammad
as-Senussi}}

{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | ASS | | | | MAA
|ASS=Ahmed
as-Sharif
as-Senussi
|MAA=Muhammad
al-Abid
as-Senussi}}{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | |!|}}{{familytree | MAR | | IdI |~| FAS | | ZUB | | AA
|MAR=Muhammad
ar-Reda
|IdI=King Idris I
of Libya
|FAS=Queen Fatimah
as-Sharif
|ZUB=az-Zubayr
bin Ahmad
as-Sharif
|AA=Abdullah bin
Muhammad al-
Abid as-Senussi}}{{familytree | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |!|}}{{familytree | HaS | | | | | | | | | | AHM | | IAS
|AS=As-Siddiq
|HaS=Hasan
as-Senussi
|AHM=Ahmed
as-Senussi
(member
of NTC)
|IAS=Idris bin
Abdullah
as-Senussi
(claimant)}}{{familytree | |!|}}{{familytree | MaS
|MaS=Mohammed
as-Senussi}}{{familytree/end}}

References

S. Khuda Bukhsh, Studies Indian and Islamic, Routledge 2001, p. 28 {{ISBN|0-415-24464-1}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=gX8T0-OCoygC&printsec=frontcover&dq=S.+Khuda+Bukhsh+2001&hl=en&ei=N_KATsy-GI3t-gb6iKiSDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false] (retrieved 26-09-2011)

Notes

1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Sanusi|title=Al-Sanūsī {{!}} Islamic religious leader|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2018-08-10|language=en}}
2. ^¹Shillington, Kevin (2005) "Libya: Muhammad Al-Sanusi (c.1787–1859) and the Sanusiyya" Encyclopedia of African History Fitzroy Dearborn, New York, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC&pg=PA830 p. 830-831], {{ISBN|1-57958-245-1}}
3. ^The Senussi Family {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226195534/http://24dec1951.com/libya/the-senussi-family.html |date=2012-12-26 }} Retrieved 1 October 2011.

{{Authority control}}{{s-start}}{{s-hou|Senussi dynasty||1787|Deceased|}}{{s-rel}}{{s-bef|before=None}}{{s-ttl|title=Chief of the Senussi order|years=1843-1859}}{{s-aft|after=Muhammad al-Mahdi as-Senussi}}{{end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad Ibn Ali As-Senussi}}

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