| 词条 | Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari |
| 释义 |
| name = Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari मुख़्तार अहमद अंसारी مُختار احمد انصاری |honorific-prefix = | image = Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari 1980 stamp of India.jpg | alt = | caption = | order = | office = President of the Indian National Congress | term_start = 1927 | term_end = 1928 | predecessor = S. Srinivasa Iyengar | successor = Motilal Nehru | office1 = Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia | term_start1 = 1928 | term_end1 = 1936[1] | predecessor1 = Hakim Ajmal Khan | successor1 = Abdul Majeed Khwaja | office2 = President of the All-India Muslim League | term_start2 = 1920 | term_end2 = 1921 | predecessor2 = Hakim Ajmal Khan | successor2 = Maulana Hasrat Mohani | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1880|12|25}}[2] | birth_place = Mohammadabad, Ghazipur, India | death_date = 10 May 1936 (aged 55) | death_place = Delhi, India | death_cause = Heart attack | resting_place = Jamia Millia Islamia | residence = Palatial house | nationality = Indian | party = Indian National Congress | other_names = | alma_mater = Madras Medical College | known_for = Founder of Jamia Millia Islamia, Indian independence movement, President of the Indian National Congress, President of the All-India Muslim League | notable_works = | children = | family = | occupation = Physician, politician, activist }}Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari (25 December 1880 – 10 May 1936) was an Indian nationalist and political leader, and former president of the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League during the Indian Independence Movement. One of the founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia University he remained its chancellor 1928 to 1936.[2][4][3] Early life and medical careerMukhtar Ahmed Ansari was born on 25 December 1880 in Yusufpur-Mohammadabad town in eastern Uttar Pradesh).[3] Educated at the Victoria School, Ansari and his family moved to Hyderabad. Ansari obtained a medical degree from the Madras Medical College and went to England on scholarship studies.[3] He achieved the M.D. and M.S. degrees in 1905.[3] In 1910 Ansari earned a Master of Surgery (ChM) from the University of Edinburgh for his thesis Treatment of syphilis by arylarsonates with special reference to recent research.[4] He was a top-class student and worked at the London Lock Hospital and the Charing Cross Hospital in London. He was an Indian pioneer in surgery, and today there is an Ansari Ward in the Charing Cross Hospital, London,[10] in honour of his work. From 1921 to 1935, Ansari visited Vienna, Paris, Lucerne and London to meet with famed urologists, including Dr. Robert Lichtenstern, Eugen Steinach and Serge Voronoff, some of the pioneers of grafting animal testicles onto humans. In the last decade of his life, Ansari performed over 700 such grafting operations, meticulously recording 440 of them. From these experiments he published his book Regeneration of Man, which he shared with his close friend Mahatma Gandhi. [5] Nationalist activitiesIn 1898, while a student in Madras, Ansari attended his first All India Congress Sessions, which was presided over by Ananda Mohan Bose. In 1927, when the Sessions were held again in Madras, Ansari presided over the session [6] Dr. Ansari became involved in the Indian Independence Movement during his stay in England. He moved back to Delhi and joined both the Indian Congress and the Muslim League. He played an important role in the negotiation of the 1916 Lucknow Pact and served as the Muslim League's president in 1918 and 1920.[2] He was an outspoken supporter of the Khilafat movement,[6] and led the Indian medical mission to treat the wounded Turkish soldiers during the Balkan Wars. (Syed Tanvir Wasti, The Indian Red Crescent Mission to the Balkan Wars, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 45, No. 3, 393–406, May 2009) Dr. Ansari served several terms as the AICC General Secretary, as well as the President of the Indian National Congress during its 1927 session.[2] As a result of in-fighting and political divisions within the League in the 1920s, and later the rise of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Muslim separatism, Dr. Ansari drew closer to Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Party. {{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Dr. Ansari was one of the Foundation Committee of Jamia Millia Islamia and also served as the chancellor of the Jamia Millia Islamia university in Delhi soon after the death of its primary founder, Dr. Hakim Ajmal Khan in 1927.[7] Personal life and beliefsAnsaris lived in a palatial house, called the Darus Salaam or Abode of peace. The Ansaris would often host Mahatma Gandhi when he visited Delhi, and the house was a regular base for Congress political activities. However, he never stopped practising medicine, and often came to the aid of Indian political leaders and the Indian princely order. {{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Dr. Ansari was amongst a new generation of Indian Muslim nationalists, which included Maulana Azad, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and others. Dr. Ansari died in 1936 en route from Mussoorie to Delhi on a train due to a heart attack, and is buried in the premises of the Jamia Millia Islamia in Delhi. Vice President of India Mohammad Hamid Ansari is the grandson of a brother of Dr. Ansari.[6] HonoursAnsari Road in Daryaganj, old Delhi is named after him.[6] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.jmi.ac.in/aboutjamia/profile/history/Past_Chancellors_Profile-15/Dr_Mukhtar_Ahmad_Ansari-2178|title= Past Chancellors' Profile|website=jmi.ac.in|accessdate=30 October 2018}} {{Indian National Congress Presidents}}{{Indian independence movement}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ansari, Mukhtar Ahmed}}2. ^1 2 3 [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ahmad-Ansari Profile of Ahmed Ansari]. Encyclopaedia Britannica 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/dr_m_a_ansari.htm|title=Dr M A Ansari (1880–1936) president, Madras, 1927|publisher=Congress Sandesh, Indian National Congress publication |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020307133839/http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/dr_m_a_ansari.htm |archive-date=7 March 2002 |access-date=16 December 2016}} 4. ^{{Cite book|hdl=1842/19716|author=Ansari, M.A.|date=1910|title=Treatment of syphilis by arylarsonates with special reference to recent research|url=http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19716|publisher=PhD thesis, Edinburgh Medical School}} 5. ^[https://scroll.in/article/836753/meet-the-freedom-fighter-who-grafted-animal-testicles-onto-humans-as-part-of-nation-building Dr Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari was a freedom fighter who also grafted animal testicles onto humans]. Scroll.in (10 May 2017). Retrieved on 12 December 2018. 6. ^1 2 3 4 The Ansari connection. The Hindu. Updated 10 October 2016 7. ^1 History and profile of Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi (vice-chancellor Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari in 1927), jmi.ac.in. Retrieved 24 August 2017 10 : Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh|Presidents of the Indian National Congress|Jamia Millia Islamia|People from Ghazipur|1880 births|Indian Muslims|1936 deaths|All India Muslim League members|Madras Medical College alumni|Founders of Indian schools and colleges |
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