| 释义 |
- Description
- Nocturnality
- Etymology
- Species
- Footnotes
- References
{{Italic title}}{{Taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Quaternary}}
| name = Mullerornis
| image = Mullerornis agilis.jpg
| image_caption = Restoration
| regnum = Animalia
| phylum = Chordata
| classis = Aves
| ordo = †Aepyornithiformes
| familia = †Aepyornithidae
| genus = †Mullerornis
| genus_authority = Milne-Edwards & Grandidier 1894
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =- Mullerornis modestus (Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1869) (type)
| synonyms =- Flacourtia Andrews 1895
- Mullerornis betsilei Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1894
- Mullerornis agilis Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1894
- Mullerornis rudis Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1894[1]
| range_map = Mullerornis map.jpg
| range_map_width =
| range_map_caption = Map of Madagascar showing where specimens have been found
}}Mullerornis is a genus of extinct elephant birds (Aepyornithidae) of Madagascar. DescriptionMullerornis is smaller than the more well-known Aepyornis.[2][3] A bone possibly belonging to Mullerornis has been radiocarbon dated to about 1260 BP,[4] suggesting that the animal was still extant at the end of the first millennium.[5] Aepyornis modestus was shown by Hansford and Turvey (2018) to be a senior synonym of all nominal Mullerornis species described by Milne-Edwards and Grandidier (1894), resulting in the new combination Mullerornis modestus.[6]NocturnalityLike other aepyornithids and its close kiwi relatives, Mullerornis was nocturnal, though it shows less optical lobe reduction than these other taxa, implying slightly more crepuscular habits.[7] EtymologyThe genus is named after Georges Muller, a French explorer who was killed in 1892 by hostile members of the Sakalava people. Species- Mullerornis betsilei Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1894[8] (Betsile elephant-bird)
- Mullerornis agilis Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1894 (Agile/coastal elephant-bird)
- Mullerornis rudis Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1894[1] (Robust elephant-bird)
- Flacourtia rudis (Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1894) Andrews, 1895
- ?Mullerornis grandis Lamberton 1934 (holotype destroyed in a fire in 1995)
Footnotes1. ^1 Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)
2. ^Burney, et al. (1997), p. 763
3. ^MacPhee, et al. (1985), table II
4. ^Burney, et al. (2004), p. 50
5. ^Burney et al. (2004), p. 25
6. ^Hansford, J. P.; Turvey, S. T. (2018-09-26). "Unexpected diversity within the extinct elephant birds (Aves: Aepyornithidae) and a new identity for the world's largest bird". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (9): 181295. doi:10.1098/rsos.181295.
7. ^Christopher R. Torres & Julia A. Clarke. 2018. Nocturnal giants: evolution of the sensory ecology in elephant birds and other palaeognaths inferred from digital brain reconstructions. Proc. R. Soc. B 285 (1890); doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1540
8. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.tt/books?id=z7RIAkGw0-UC&pg=PA26 | author1=Julian P. Hume| author2=Michael Walters| title=Extinct birds | publisher=T&AD Poyser| pages=544 | isbn=1408158612|year=2012}}
References- {{cite journal |last1=Burney|first1=David A. | last2=James|first2=Helen F.|last3=Grady|first3=Frederick V. | last4=Rafamantanantsoa|first4=Jean-Gervais|last5=Ramilisonina|first5= | last6=Wright|first6=Henry T.| last7=Cowart|first7=James B. |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=1997 |month= |day= |title=Environmental change, extinction and human activity: Evidence from caves in NW Madagascar |journal= Journal of Biogeography|volume=24 |series= |issue=6 |page= |pages=755–767 |publisher= |location= |issn= |pmid= |pmc= |doi= 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00146.x|bibcode= |oclc= |id= |url= |language= |format= |accessdate= |laysummary= |laysource= |laydate= |quote=}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Burney|first1=David A. | last2=Burney|first2=Lida Pigott|last3=Godfrey|first3=Laurie R. | last4=Jungers|first4=William L.|last5=Goodman|first5=Steven M. | last6=Wright|first6=Henry T. |last7=Jull|first7=A. J. Timothy|author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=2004 |month= |day= |title=A chronology for late prehistoric Madagascar |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=47 |series= |issue=1-2 |page= |pages=25–63 |publisher= |location= |issn= |pmid= 15288523|pmc= |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.005 |bibcode= |oclc= |id= |url= |language= |format= |accessdate= |laysummary= |laysource= |laydate= |quote=}}
- {{cite encyclopedia |last=Davies |first=S. J. J. F.|editor=Hutchins, Michael |encyclopedia=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia |title=Elephant birds |edition=2 |year=2003 |publisher=Gale Group |volume=8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins |location=Farmington Hills, MI|isbn=0-7876-5784-0 |pages=103–104}}
- {{cite journal |last1=MacPhee|first1=R. D. E. | last2=Burney|first2=David A.|last3=Wells|first3=N. A. |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=1985 |month= |day= |title=Early Holocene chronology and environment of Ampasambazimba, a Malagasy subfossil lemur site |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=6 |series= |issue=5 |page= |pages=463–489 |publisher= |location= |issn= |pmid= |pmc= |doi=10.1007/BF02735571 |bibcode= |oclc= |id= |url= |language= |format= |accessdate= |laysummary= |laysource= |laydate= |quote=}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3504307}} 2 : Elephant birds|Fossil taxa described in 1894 |