“Mulobezi Railway”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Mulobezi Railway (once known as the Zambezi Sawmills Railway) was constructed to carry timber from Mulobezi to Livingstone in the Southern Province of Zambia, when the country was Northern Rhodesia. The line uses the {{RailGauge|1067mm}} narrow gauge, also known as 'Cape gauge', shared by all main line railways in Southern Africa.

Zambezi Sawmills

The first railway had been built in the country in 1904-5 between Livingstone and Kalomo and was connected to Southern Rhodesia via the Victoria Falls Bridge, opened in 1905.

The Zambezi Sawmills company was founded in 1916 to exploit forests of Rhodesian Teak on the north bank of the Zambezi above Livingstone.^[1] The timber is hard and strong and termite-resistant and found a ready market as railway sleepers, parquet floors and door and window frames in all parts of Britain's Rhodesian colonies (including what is now Zimbabwe). The timber was dragged to the river by oxen and transported by barge downstream to a point near Livingstone from where it was hauled the few kilometres to the town in wagons running on wooden rails drawn by traction engines modified so that the front wheels ran on the tracks and the large power wheels ran outside them.^[1]

Construction of the line

By the early 1920s the forests near the river were used up. They extended three hundred kilometres north-west and so the railway was constructed into them from 1923 or 1924 onwards using wrought iron rails which had originally been used for the first railway in southern Africa, the 1861 Cape Town-Wellington line.^[1] From Livingstone, where it branches off the Bulawayo-Livingstone-Lusaka main line, the branch line extends about 166 km north-west to Mulobezi.^[1]

Rolling stock

British-built steam locomotives^[2] were purchased from Rhodesia Railways (4-8-0 Class VII, VIII and X) in 1924-6. They were converted to burn sawmill waste.^[1] As well as wagons to carry the timber, some passenger coaches were built to carry employees and their families.

Extension to Kataba

The line was extended 120 km beyond Mulobezi to Kataba,^[1] with many branches into the logging areas, so that all together the railway was claimed to be the longest private railway in the world.^[3]

Operations

Steam era

From the 1930s to the 1960s, one train per day ran in each direction, every day except Sundays. Journey time was 8 hours Livingstone to Mulobezi and 7 hours Mulobezi to Kataba.^[4]

Present day

Currently, one train runs per week.^[5] The railway is listed on the [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929073414/http://www.railtracker.org/RailAFFILIATES/Railways/ZR/zrrailnt.htm RailTracker website] as operational between Livingstone and Mulobezi, with 9 intermediate stations. In Livingstone it connects to the Zambia Railways network. Furthermore, a working train is visible on the line on [https://web.archive.org/web/20100908230721/http://earth.google.com/ Google Earth] — see the reference for coordinates.^[6]

According to an early 2012 report, it takes about 2 days for a train to make the 163 distance from Livingstone to Mulobezi. Due to the track conditions, the speed limit on the line is 15 km an hour. About 200 passengers, as well as some livestock travel on an average train. According to railway officials, separate rail cars are provided for passengers and livestock, and therefore it is not necessary for people and animals to share the same cars. Despite the low speed, the rail service was still in demand by the local residents, especially during the rainy season, when local roads are impassable.^[7]

David Shepherd

The British artist and conservationist David Shepherd made a well-known painting of a Mulobezi steam locomotive^[8] and when the railway ceased working in the early seventies, Kenneth Kaunda, then President of Zambia, gave two of the locomotives to him. One of those, the Mulobezi Princess is kept at the Railway Museum, Livingstone where it has been restored to working order.^[9] The other locomotive Shepherd transported, together with a passenger coach, to the United Kingdom, and a documentary film of that journey was broadcast in 1976 by BBC Television, called Last Train to Mulobezi.^[10] He donated the passenger car to the National Railway Museum, the world's largest, in York, UK. Other steam locomotives and old rolling stock lie rusting away at Mulobezi.

See also

References

1. ^Roger Summers: "Some Historic Railway Lines at Livingstone", The Northern Rhodesia Journal, Vol 2 No 5 pp78-80 (1954).
2. ^Geoff's Trains Website accessed 16 February 2007; includes illustrations of locomotives.
3. ^Laws of the Republic of Zambia Volume 12 Website accessed 16 February 2007
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵Dick Hobson: “The Oldest Railway Engines” in The Northern Rhodesia Journal, Vol IV No 5 pp488 (1961).
5. ^Fern-Express website accessed 1 April 2007. Includes a photo of a train.
6. ^Google Earth {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908230721/http://earth.google.com/ |date=8 September 2010 }} coordinates (decimal latitude/longitude): -17.76285, 25.70670 accessed 16 February 2007.
7. ^{{citation|title= Zambia: Mulobezi Train - Sign of a Failed Concession Deal|author= Brian Hatyoka|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201204070061.html|date=2012-04-06}}
8. ^David Shepherd Foundation website accessed 16 February 2007
9. ^Website of Directorate for Cultural Heritage in Norway which provided funding and includes a photograph of the 'Mulobezi Princess'
10. ^British Film Institute Website accessed 16 February 2007