| 词条 | Munich-Riem Airport |
| 释义 |
| name = Munich-Riem Airport | nativename = {{lang|de|Flughafen München-Riem}} | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | image = | image-width = 250 | caption = | image2 = Flughafen riem2.jpg | image2-width = 250 | caption2 = | IATA = | ICAO = | FAA = | LID = | type = | owner-oper = Flughafen München GmbH | owner = | operator = | city-served = Munich, Germany | location = Trudering-Riem | built = | used = | commander = | occupants = | metric-elev = | elevation-f = | elevation-m = | coordinates = {{coord|48|08|16|N|011|41|25|E|region:DE-BY|display=inline,title}} | website = | pushpin_map = Germany Bavaria | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Bavaria | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_image = | pushpin_label = MUC | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_marksize = | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = 07R/25L | r1-length-f = 9199 | r1-length-m = 2804 | r1-surface = concrete | r2-number = 07L/25R | r2-length-f = 2671 | r2-length-m = 814 | r2-surface = concrete | h1-number = | h1-length-f = | h1-length-m = | h1-surface = | stat-year = | stat1-header = | stat1-data = | footnotes = * has been transferred to new Munich Airport }} Munich-Riem Airport ({{lang-de|Flughafen München-Riem}}) was the international airport of Munich, the capital city of Bavaria and third-largest city of Germany. It was closed down on 16 May 1992, the day before the new Munich Airport commenced operations. It was located near the old village of Riem in the borough of Trudering-Riem in the east of Munich. The area has been redeveloped into Messestadt Riem, a new borough consisting of housing projects, a shopping mall, recreation areas and the new convention center Munich Trade Fair. HistoryConstruction started in 1936. The first plane landed on 25 October 1939, signalling the beginning of air traffic. At this time it was one of the most modern airports in the world. It replaced the airfield at Oberwiesenfeld (now the site of the Olympic Village). In World War II it was home to Adolf Galland's legendary Jagdverband 44. It was almost completely destroyed by bombings on 9 April 1945. Until that day, civilian air traffic had also been handled in Riem. George Raffeld of the United States Rainbow Division was the first of the allied forces to arrive at the airport. He reported to his superior officers that the airport had been abandoned by the Germans. After the war Munich-Riem was the first airport in Germany to be used for civil aviation. Post-war operations started on 6 April 1948 with the landing of a DC-3 operated by Pan American World Airways. On 12 October 1949 the Flughafen München-Riem GmbH (Munich-Riem Airport Ltd.) was founded. Wulf-Dieter Graf zu Castell became one of its managing directors. The airport's runway was lengthened to {{convert|1900|m|0}} in November 1949. On 29 October 1958, the first jet aircraft, a Sud Aviation Caravelle operated by Air France, landed on the runway that had been lengthened by further {{convert|700|m|0}}. In 1962 more than one million passengers had passed through the airport. As early as 1963 the Öchsle Commission initiated a search for a new airport location as it was obvious that further extension would not be legally or politically possible. Constructing additional runways parallel or perpendicular to the existing one would require relocating a number of nearby communities. A number of accidents further encouraged the decision to build a new airport further away from the city and to close down Riem. In October 1965 a new maintenance hangar for jets, that had been built at a cost of DM 10 million, was put into operation and transferred to Lufthansa. In 1969 the Flughafen München-Riem GmbH was renamed Flughafen München GmbH. The main runway (07R/25L) was upgraded to its final length of {{convert|2804|m}}. [https://www.flickr.com/photos/12530375@N08/8220532156/sizes/h Airport diagram for 1991] In 1971 a new arrivals hall was put into operation, the passenger throughput having attained 4 million. On 31 December 1972 the long-time managing director Wulf-Dieter Graf zu Castell retired. By 1991 the airport had served twelve million passengers, beyond its intended capacity, and an efficient taxiing system was no longer possible. To continue operations preliminary annexes to the terminal were built, including a special hall for charter flights. During the night from 16 to 17 May 1992, operations moved to the new location near Freising. The IATA airport code MUC and the ICAO airport code EDDM were transferred to the new Munich Franz Josef Strauss Airport. ReuseDuring an interim time after the move, the remaining facilities were used as a venue for large events such as concerts and raves. Riem was well known internationally in the techno, alternative, and rock scenes. For example, the last concert ever of the rock band Nirvana was given there on 1 March 1994. On 17 June 1994, the Ultraschall techno club opened in the former kitchen of the cafeteria. The cultural centre was closed in the summer of 1996 because the area was needed for the Messestadt Riem. The transformation of the former airport to the Messestadt Riem (Convention City Riem) with a name-giving convention centre, apartment houses and parks was one of the largest projects in urban planning of the city of Munich in the late 1990s and at the beginning of the 21st century. The only structures that remain of the airport today are the tower and the original terminal building, the Wappenhalle (hall of the coats of arms). Both structures are protected monuments. Moreover, a small stretch of the former runway still exists at the eastern end. In 2005, the former airport was the site of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show). Accidents and incidents
References{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}1. ^ 2. ^Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network 3. ^Accident description at PlaneCrashInfo.com External links{{commonscatinline|Munich Airport Riem}}
6 : Transport in Munich|Defunct airports in Germany|Buildings and structures in Munich|Airports established in 1939|Airports disestablished in 1992|Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command in the European Theater |
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