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词条 Murder of Du'a Khalil Aswad
释义

  1. Motive

  2. Asylum and return

  3. Stoning

  4. Response and retaliation

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox person
| name = Du’a Khalil Aswad
| image = Du'a Khalil Aswad.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Du’a Khalil Aswad
دعاء خليل أسود
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1990
| birth_place =
| death_date = c. 7 April 2007
| death_place = Bashika, Ninawa, Iraq
| residence =
| nationality = Iraq
}}Du’a Khalil Aswad (دعاء خليل أسود) (c. 1989 – c. 7 April 2007) was a 17-year-old Iraqi girl of the Yazidi faith who was stoned to death in northern Iraq in early April 2007, the victim of an honor killing.[1] It is believed that she was killed around 7 April 2007, but the incident did not come to light until video of the stoning, apparently recorded on a mobile phone, appeared on the Internet.[2] The rumor that the stoning was connected to her alleged conversion to Islam prompted reprisals against Yazidis by Sunnis, including the 2007 Mosul massacre.[3][4]

Motive

Some reports claim that Aswad was murdered for having converted to Islam to marry an Iraqi Sunni Muslim boy.[1][3] It is disputed whether or not she actually converted to Islam; some reports say the Sunni boyfriend has denied that she had.[1] Other sources instead indicate that Aswad was killed in punishment for being absent from her home one night.[4]

According to a reporter who interviewed Yazidi sources on site, {{quote|After Du'a's death, the international media widely repeated a claim made on a number of Islamic extremist websites that she had been killed because she converted to Islam, but local reports do not concur. Some people tell me she had run away with her Muslim boyfriend and they had been stopped at a checkpoint outside Mosul; others say she had been seen by her father and uncle just talking with the boy in public and, fearing her family's reaction, they had sought protection at the police station. Either way, the police handed Du'a into the custody of a local Yezidi sheikh.|Freedom Lost by Mark Lattimer, The Guardian, December 13, 2007[5]


}}

Asylum and return

Some news agencies reported that Aswad was being sheltered by a Yazidi tribal leader in Bashika in fear of her life until her family persuaded her that she had been forgiven and could return home.[4] Other reports indicate that she was instead given asylum by a local Muslim Sheikh.[2] It is not known whether the same members of her family that convinced her to return home were responsible for her death. It is not clear from the video whether she was ambushed while returning to her home, or if the mob stormed her home and dragged her into the street. Estimates of the number of attackers range from hundreds[5] to one thousand[2] to two thousand men.[6]

Stoning

The incident took place in Bashika, a town in Ninawa Governorate, and was filmed on mobile phones and widely distributed on the Internet.[7]

Aswad was taken to the town square;[5] according to reports she was stripped naked to symbolize that she had dishonored her family and religion. In the video, though stripped from the waist down, she is wearing an orange sport jacket and black underwear, and at least some of the crowd tries to keep her lower body covered with what looks like another jacket. During the stoning, which lasted approximately 30 minutes, Aswad can be seen in the video attempting to sit up and calling for help as the crowd taunts her and repeatedly throws a large chunk of rock or concrete on her head.[2] After her death in the town square, Aswad's body was tied behind a car and dragged through the streets.[5] She was buried with the remains of a dog, to disrespect her.[8] Eventually, her body was "exhumed and sent to the Medico-Legal Institute in Mosul so that tests could be performed to see whether she had died a virgin."[5]

Response and retaliation

{{see also|2007 Mosul massacre|2007 Yazidi communities bombings}}

A protest in Arbil against Aswad's killing attracted hundreds of Kurds who called for an end to honor killings.[9][10]

It is believed Aswad's murder sparked, or was used as a pretext for, a reprisal attack on 23 April in Mosul claimed by the Islamic State of Iraq,[11] in which 23 Yazidis were killed.[12] The same day also witnessed another reprisal attack, claimed by Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna, of a suicide carbomb that targeted the village of Tel Isqof, killing 25 Yazidis and Assyrian Christians.[13][14]

Both Aswad's murder and the reprisal were condemned by Amnesty International[4] and by the Kurdistan Regional Government which asked the federal government to investigate.{{dead link|date=July 2015}}[15] Authorities in Northern Iraq have arrested four people in connection with the killing.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}}

The devastating terrorist attacks on the Yazidi towns Kahtaniya and Jazeera in August 2007,[16] carried out by Sunni Muslims and killing at least 500 and wounding another 1,500 people,[17] are said to have been claimed by the killers to be a response to the stoning.{{fact|date=October 2017}}

See also

  • Stoning of Aisha Ibrahim Duhulow
  • Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL
  • Murder of Farkhunda
  • Femicide
  • Honor killing

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/worldnews.html?in_article_id=452288&in_page_id=1811|title=The moment a teenage girl was stoned to death for loving the wrong boy|accessdate=2007-05-21|date=2007-05-03|work=World news|publisher=Daily Mail|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818023117/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/worldnews.html?in_article_id=452288&in_page_id=1811|archive-date=2007-08-18|dead-url=no|df=}}
2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.aina.org/news/20070425181603.htm|title=Video Captures Stoning of Kurdish Teenage Girl|accessdate=2007-05-20|last=Ahmady|first=Kameel|author2=Mina Rojdar|date=2007-04-25|publisher=Assyrian International News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519010516/http://www.aina.org/news/20070425181603.htm|archive-date=2007-05-19|dead-url=no|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web |title=Iraq: Amnesty International appalled by stoning to death of Yezidi girl and subsequent killings |publisher=Amnesty International |date=April 27, 2007 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde14/027/2007/en/ |access-date=2018-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122062542/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde14/027/2007/en/ |archive-date=2018-11-22 |dead-url=no |df= }}
4. ^1 2 [https://www.amnesty.org.uk/node/11513 "Iraq: 'Honour Killing' of teenage girl condemned as abhorrent"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007121057/https://www.amnesty.org.uk/node/11513 |date=2017-10-07 }}. Amnesty International. May 2, 2007, Retrieved 23 October 2016.
5. ^1 2 3 4 Lattimer, Mark (13 December 2007). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/dec/13/gender.iraq "Freedom Lost"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324200528/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/dec/13/gender.iraq |date=2016-03-24 }}. The Guardian.
6. ^"Stoning to death of girl provokes wave of killings" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520212337/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article2519070.ece |date=2007-05-20 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520212337/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article2519070.ece |date=2007-05-20 }}. Retrieved May 19, 2007.
7. ^Video footage of Iraqi girl's stoning released on Internet {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521041505/http://www.bruneitimes.com.bn/details.php?shape_ID=29209 |date=2007-05-21 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521041505/http://www.bruneitimes.com.bn/details.php?shape_ID=29209 |date=2007-05-21 }} The Brunei Times, 6 May 2007 (retrieved 7 May 2007).
8. ^"Honour Killing” Sparks Fears of New Iraqi Conflict {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222171942/http://iwpr.net/report-news/honour-killing-sparks-fears-new-iraqi-conflict |date=2014-02-22 }} Institute for War & Peace Reporting (retrieved 21 May 2007)
9. ^Kurdistan: Demonstration against public stoning {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110013622/http://www.stophonourkillings.com/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1589 |date=2010-01-10 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110013622/http://www.stophonourkillings.com/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1589 |date=2010-01-10 }} (Retrieved May 21, 2007)
10. ^Yazidi girl's murder sparks widespread condemnation {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515090335/http://www.kurdishaspect.com/doc050507G.html |date=2007-05-15 }} (Retrieved May 21, 2007)
11. ^{{cite news|title=دولة العراق الإسلامية, تنفيذ حكم الله في اليزيديين عبدة الشيطان ثأرا للشهيدة دعاء خليل (رحمها الله) (2007)|url=https://archive.org/details/qtl-yzd-tnfdh|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=archive.org}}
12. ^1 "Yazidis Ask Iraqi Government for Protection" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070512183840/http://www.iraqslogger.com/index.php/post/2468/Yazidis_Ask_Iraqi_Government_for_Protection |date=2007-05-12 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070512183840/http://www.iraqslogger.com/index.php/post/2468/Yazidis_Ask_Iraqi_Government_for_Protection |date=2007-05-12 }} April 23, 2007 (retrieved May 7, 2007).
13. ^{{cite news|script-title=ar:استشهاد أكثر من خمس وعشرين شخصا في انفجار تللسقف|url=http://www.zahrira.net/?p=2804|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=Zahrira|date=23 April 2012|language=ar|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201113525/http://www.zahrira.net/?p=2804|archive-date=2014-02-01|dead-url=no|df=}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=ansar el-sunnah, martyrdom operation in iraq|url=https://archive.org/details/gawda-3aliah|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=11 April 2012}}
15. ^"Statement: KRG condemns murder of Dua Khalil Aswad" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029230901/http://web.krg.org/articles/article_detail.asp?LangNr=12&RubricNr=&ArticleNr=17629&LNNr=28&RNNr=70 |date=2014-10-29 }}, May 1, 2007. Retrieved May 7, 2007.
16. ^1 Survivors of bombs left to die in rubble by Ayhem Omar, The Times, August 19, 2007
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/22/world/middleeast/22iraq-top.html|first1=Damien|last1=Cave|first2=James|last2=Glanzaug|title=Toll in Iraq Bombings Is Raised to More Than 500|publisher=The New York Times|date=22 August 2007|accessdate=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919215854/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/22/world/middleeast/22iraq-top.html|archive-date=2017-09-19|dead-url=no|df=}}

External links

  • Video of the stoning
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aswad, Stoning Of Dua Khalil}}

11 : 2007 deaths|Filmed executions|Victims of human rights abuses|Yazidis in Iraq|Honor killing victims|People executed by stoning|Executed Iraqi women|Women's rights in Iraq|21st-century executions by Iraq|2007 crimes in Iraq|Yazidi history
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