| 词条 | Murray Gurfein |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = | name = | honorific-suffix = | image = | alt = | caption = | office = Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | term_start = August 27, 1974 | term_end = December 16, 1979 | nominator = Richard Nixon | appointer = Gerald Ford | predecessor = Paul R. Hays | successor = Lawrence W. Pierce | office1 = Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York | term_start1 = May 20, 1971 | term_end1 = September 11, 1974 | nominator1 = | appointer1 = Richard Nixon | predecessor1 = Thomas Francis Murphy | successor1 = Charles S. Haight Jr. | pronunciation = | birth_name = Murray Irwin Gurfein | birth_date = {{Birth date|1907|11|17}} | birth_place = New York City, New York | death_date = {{nowrap|{{Death date and age|1979|12|16|1907|11|17}}}} | death_place = New York City, New York | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | citizenship = | nationality = | party = | otherparty = | height = | spouse ={{marriage|Eva Hadas|1931}} | partner = | relations = | children =2 | parents = | mother = | father = | relatives = | residence = | education = Columbia University (A.B.) Harvard Law School (LL.B.) | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = | known_for = | salary = | net_worth = | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | religion = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} Murray Irwin Gurfein (November 17, 1907 – December 16, 1979) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and prior to that a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Education and careerBorn on November 17, 1907, in New York City, New York, Gurfein received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Columbia College in 1926. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1930. He served as a law clerk for Judge Julian Mack of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, from 1930 to 1931. He was an Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, from 1931 to 1933.[1] He was in private practice of law in New York City from 1933 to 1935. He was a deputy assistant district attorney of New York County, from 1935 to 1938.[2] He was an assistant district attorney of New York County, from 1938 to 1942.[3] He was in the United States Army as a Lieutenant Colonel, in the Office of Strategic Services, from 1942 to 1946.[4] He was an assistant to Justice Robert H. Jackson, the United States Chief Counsel at the Nuremberg trials in 1945.[5] He was in private practice of law in New York City from 1946 to 1971.[6][7] Gurfein was elected President of HIAS (Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society) from 1956 to 1957 and from 1960 to 1967.[8][9] Federal judicial serviceGurfein was nominated by President Richard Nixon on April 14, 1971, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Judge Thomas Francis Murphy. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 20, 1971, and received his commission the same day. His service was terminated on September 11, 1974, due to elevation to the Second Circuit.[7] Gurfein was nominated by President Nixon on July 11, 1974, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Paul R. Hays. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 22, 1974, and received his commission on August 27, 1974, from President Gerald Ford. His service was terminated on December 16, 1979, due to death.[7] Pentagon Papers caseDuring his first week as a United States District Judge, Gurfein was assigned the Pentagon Papers case and gained national prominence when he refused the government's motion to enjoin publication of the documents.[10] Gurfein's ruling was initially reversed by the Court of Appeals, but ultimately reinstated by the Supreme Court. Gurfein wrote: "The security of the Nation is not at the ramparts alone. Security also lies in the value of our free institutions. A cantankerous press, an obstinate press, an ubiquitous press must be suffered by those in authority in order to preserve the even greater values of freedom of expression and the right of the people to know."[11] Personal lifeIn 1931, he married Eva Hadas. The couple had two daughters: Abigail and Susan Hadas. Gurfein died in New York City on December 16, 1979.[12] References1. ^{{cite book |last1=Donati |first1=William |title=Lucky Luciano: The Rise and Fall of a Mob Boss |date=2012 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=9780786493432 |page=93 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yzF9dN_8PDQC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=Murray+Gurfein+marriage&source=bl&ots=cpqKMDRimj&sig=bB-k8aihXOHyADi6Gk_7t2yyWdo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidvPW4863dAhUQSN8KHT9bBlgQ6AEwDnoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=Murray%20Gurfein%20marriage&f=false |accessdate=September 9, 2018}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Cockburn |first1=Alexander |last2=St. Clair |first2=Jeffrey |title=Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs, and the Press |date=1998 |publisher=Verso |isbn=9781859841396 |page=120 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5qIj_h_PtkC&pg=PA120&dq=%22murray+gurfein%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwizwLadg67dAhUKJt8KHbcSBpsQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=%22murray%20gurfein%22&f=false |accessdate=September 9, 2018}} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=O'Donnell |first1=Patrick K. |title=Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs: The Unknown Story of the Men and Women of World War II's OSS |date=2014 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9780743235747 |page=49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFftBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA49&dq=%22murray+gurfein%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiHgM3thK7dAhVOneAKHSVRB8E4ChDoAQgoMAA#v=onepage&q=%22murray%20gurfein%22&f=false |accessdate=September 9, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Anthony Cave |title=The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan|date=1982 |publisher=Times Books |isbn=9780812910216 |page=394 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YV3fAAAAMAAJ&q=%22murray+gurfein%22&dq=%22murray+gurfein%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwje4fTxha7dAhUDZd8KHT5xCUM4FBDoAQhNMAg |accessdate=September 9, 2018}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.jta.org/1979/12/19/archive/murray-gureein-dead-at-72|title=Murray Gureein Dead at 72|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|access-date=2017-09-14|language=en-us}} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Braudy |first1=Susan |title=This Crazy Thing Called Love: The Golden World and Fatal Marriage of Ann and Billy Woodward |date=2014 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=9780804153355 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kdYVBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT499&lpg=PT499&dq=Murray+Gurfein+marriage&source=bl&ots=hyi7mHHLte&sig=MTBC-12_-C5Z8RVvodSPLnmXImc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidvPW4863dAhUQSN8KHT9bBlgQ6AEwEHoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=Murray%20Gurfein%20marriage&f=false |accessdate=September 9, 2018}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.fjc.gov/node/1381591|title=Gurfein, Murray Irwin - Federal Judicial Center|website=www.fjc.gov}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.jta.org/1960/02/23/archive/murray-gurfein-elected-president-of-united-hias-service|title=Murray Gurfein Elected President of United Hias Service|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|access-date=2017-09-14|language=en-us}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://ontherescuefront.wordpress.com/2017/01/27/judge-murray-i-gurfein/|title=Judge Murray I. Gurfein|date=2017-01-27|work=ontherescuefront|access-date=2017-09-14|language=en-US}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/18/archives/judge-gurfeins-first-case.html|title=Judge Gurfein's First Case|date=1979-12-18|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-09-14|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 11. ^United States v. N.Y. Times Co., 328 F. Supp. 324, 331 (S.D.N.Y. 1971). 12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/18/archives/judge-mi-gurfein-who-allowed-pentagon-papers-publication-dies-suit.html|title=Judge M.I. Gurfein, Who Allowed Pentagon Papers’ Publication, Dies|last=McFadden|first=Robert D.|date=1979-12-18|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-09-14|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} External links
12 : 1907 births|1979 deaths|Columbia University alumni|Harvard Law School alumni|American army personnel of World War II|United States Army officers|Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|United States district court judges appointed by Richard Nixon|Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|United States court of appeals judges appointed by Gerald Ford|20th-century American judges|Assistant United States Attorneys |
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